Week 1 Blood Disorders Flashcards
a decrease in the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, or both
anemia
decrease in the production of red blood cells
primary anemia
increased destruction of red blood cells
secondary anemia
bone marrow does not function properly or does not grow properly resulting in a lack of RBCs
aplastic anemia
premature hemolysis of RBCs; causes heme to separate from RBC
hemolytic anemia
insufficient amount of intrinsic factor to absorb B12
pernicious anemia
hereditary and chronic disease characterized by crescent shaped RBCs
sickle cell anemia
an idiopathic increase in the number of RBCs
erythrocytosis (polycythemia vera)
sickle cell anemia is due to a single amino acid substitution (T/F)
true
sickle cell anemia almost exclusively affects Caucasians (T/F)
false (African Americans, native Africans, & Mediterranean people)
erythrocytosis decreases the viscosity of blood which decreases the chance for thrombi and clotting (T/F)
false (increases viscosity & chance for thrombi)
erythrocytosis involves the bone marrow and is associated with increased amount of hemoglobin in the blood (T/F)
true
increase in the number of white blood cells in the blood
leukocytosis
leukocytosis is a reactive change to another condition (T/F)
true
abnormal reduction in the number of white blood cells in the blood
leukopenia
leukopenia is rarely associated with chemotherapy (T/F)
false (often associated)
a malignancy of the hematopoietic tissues characterized by a massive increase (10 to 100x) in the number of white blood cells present in the body
leukemia
disorder that involves formation of blood cells
hematopoietic disorder
categories of leukemia (4)
Acute myelocytic (immature cells)
Acute lymphocytic (mature cells)
Chronic myelocytic (immature cells)
Chronic lymphocytic (mature cells)
a hereditary bleeding disorder marked by a deficiency of blood-clotting proteins
hemophilia
Type A hemophilia is due to ____
a lack of blood clotting protein factor VIII (8)
Type B hemophilia is due to ____
a lack of blood clotting protein factor IX (9)
Type __ hemophilia is also known as ____
B
Christmas disease
Males transmit hemophilia, however, almost always, only females exhibit the disease complications (T/F)
false (females transmit, males exhibit disease)
low platelet count
thrombocytopenia
platelet count below 500 million results in platelets being less effective at forming clots (T/F)
false (less than 100 million)
condition in which spontaneous bleeding occurs in the subcutaneous tissues, causing the appearance of purple patches on the skin
purpura
purpura is extravascular and cannot be removed by embalming (T/F)
true
