Week 4 Respiratory Disorders Flashcards
three shelflike structures that increase surface area and warm and humidify air
nasal conchae
____ and ____ drain into the nasal cavity
4 paranasal sinuses
lacrimal sacs (via lacrimal ducts)
air and food pass through the ____ on their way to the lungs & stomach respectively
pharynx
____ contains the tonsils and the eustachian tubes
the pharynx
3 parts of the pharynx
nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
voice box
larynx
two short, fibrous bands that stretch across the interior of the larynx
vocal cords
passageway for air to reach the lungs; extends from the larynx in the neck to the bronchi in the chest cavity
trachea
____ function in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood circulating through the lung capillaries and air
alveoli
very thin barrier between blood and air in each alveolus
respiratory membrane
a small, central space in the chest which remains open for the heart, large blood vessels, thymus, and esophagus
mediastinum
Deep grooves which subdivide each lung into lobes
fissures
the right lung has ___ lobes, the left has ___ lobes
three; two
inflammation of the nasal passage; can be caused by an infection or chemical irritant
rhinitis
chronic rhinitis is usually due to ____
allergies
inflammation of a sinus in a bone
sinusitis
inflammation of the pharynx
pharyngitis
inflammation of the larynx
laryngitis
more than 200 viruses are known to cause ____
the common cold
inflammation of the trachea; commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus
tracheitis
tracheitis is especially dangerous for ____
young children
inflammation of the bronchi; usually follows a viral respiratory infection
bronchitis
____ is usually accompanied by excessive mucus production and a productive cough
chronic bronchitis
bronchi are hypersensitive to stimuli; causes irritation of the mucous lining of the bronchi which causes the bronchi to swell shut
asthma
exacerbation usually caused by pollen, dust, mold spores, animal dander, foods (eggs, shellfish, chocolate)
asthma
inflammation of the lungs due to infection
pneumonia
____ pneumonia affects a single lobe of the lung
lobar
____ pneumonia affects small lung areas in several lobes
bronchial
____ pneumonia affects the alveoli
interstitial
inflammation of the pleura due to infection
pleurisy
a collection of pus in a body cavity, especially the pleural space
empyema
highly contagious disease that causes lesions to form in the lungs
tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis can be multi-drug resistant and has a ____ coating that allows it to survive for long periods of time in dried sputum or blood
waxy coating
tuberculosis can cause tissue surrounding tubercles to become necrotic and form a white tissue which is called ____ and can also cause ____
caseation
cavitation
infiltration of the lungs with various forms of dust
pneumoconiosis
mineral dusts trapped in the respiratory system cause ____ to accumulate
macrophages
4 types of pneumoconiosis
Coal worker’s pneumoconiosis / Black lung disease (coal dust)
Silicosis (crystalline silica)
Asbestosis (asbestos)
Berylliosis (beryllium)
an incomplete expansion of the lung; results in inadequate oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange
atelectasis
type of atelectasis due to trachea or bronchi becoming blocked
obstructive
type of atelectasis due to loss of contact between parietal pleura and visceral pleura, compression, loss of surfactant, replacement of lung tissue by scarring, accumulation of blood or fluid in the pleural cavity, penetrating trauma, or air trapped in the pleural space
non-obstructive
air trapped around the lungs prevents lungs from fully expanding
pneumothorax
blood trapped around the lungs prevents lungs from fully expanding
hemothorax
chronic inflammation of the respiratory system + air pockets forming at the terminal ends of the bronchioles
emphysema
walls of the alveolar sacs become desiccated and tear; person cannot properly exhale and barrel chest develops
emphysema
usually a secondary disease brought on by smoking, infections, or pneumoconiosis
emphysema
area of inflamed, pus-filled tissue in the lung caused by infection usually caused by inhaled bacteria
lung abscess
fungal diseases are often a complication associated with ____
AIDS
fungal disease which can cause lesions in the bronchi and lungs
Aspergillosis
fungal diseases which can cause respiratory failure (2)
fungal meningitis, fungal pneumonia
fungal disease which can cause lesions in the lungs and COPD
Histoplasmosis
separation of the two sides of the lip; may include the bones of the upper jaw
cleft lip
two sides of the palate fail to fuse during fetal development; results in an opening between the palatine bones that form the roof of the mouth
cleft palate
terminal and congenital disease in which cells cannot properly release chloride
cystic fibrosis
results in a salt imbalance; cells produce a thick, sticky mucus that clogs the lungs and leads to infections, blocks the pancreas, and blocks digestive enzymes from reaching the intestine
cystic fibrosis
causes a distinct bright red discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes because of carboxyhemoglobin in the blood
carbon monoxide poisoning
an asphyxia which may be associated with congestion of the veins of the face, facial edema, cyanosis, petechial hemorrhages of the face and eyes, and ligature marks on the neck
hanging / strangulation
may be associated with vomit, sand, silt, or sewage in the respiratory system; diving reflex associated with cold water may constrict blood vessels; may be associated with pulmonary edema
drowning
bluish discoloration of the skin or mucous membrane due to lack of oxygen; usually intravascular
cyanosis
