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PIMS Pathology II > Week 4 Respiratory Disorders > Flashcards

Week 4 Respiratory Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

three shelflike structures that increase surface area and warm and humidify air

A

nasal conchae

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2
Q

____ and ____ drain into the nasal cavity

A

4 paranasal sinuses
lacrimal sacs (via lacrimal ducts)

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3
Q

air and food pass through the ____ on their way to the lungs & stomach respectively

A

pharynx

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4
Q

____ contains the tonsils and the eustachian tubes

A

the pharynx

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5
Q

3 parts of the pharynx

A

nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

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6
Q

voice box

A

larynx

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7
Q

two short, fibrous bands that stretch across the interior of the larynx

A

vocal cords

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8
Q

passageway for air to reach the lungs; extends from the larynx in the neck to the bronchi in the chest cavity

A

trachea

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9
Q

____ function in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood circulating through the lung capillaries and air

A

alveoli

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10
Q

very thin barrier between blood and air in each alveolus

A

respiratory membrane

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11
Q

a small, central space in the chest which remains open for the heart, large blood vessels, thymus, and esophagus

A

mediastinum

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12
Q

Deep grooves which subdivide each lung into lobes

A

fissures

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13
Q

the right lung has ___ lobes, the left has ___ lobes

A

three; two

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14
Q

inflammation of the nasal passage; can be caused by an infection or chemical irritant

A

rhinitis

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15
Q

chronic rhinitis is usually due to ____

A

allergies

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16
Q

inflammation of a sinus in a bone

A

sinusitis

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17
Q

inflammation of the pharynx

A

pharyngitis

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18
Q

inflammation of the larynx

A

laryngitis

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19
Q

more than 200 viruses are known to cause ____

A

the common cold

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20
Q

inflammation of the trachea; commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus

A

tracheitis

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21
Q

tracheitis is especially dangerous for ____

A

young children

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22
Q

inflammation of the bronchi; usually follows a viral respiratory infection

A

bronchitis

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23
Q

____ is usually accompanied by excessive mucus production and a productive cough

A

chronic bronchitis

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24
Q

bronchi are hypersensitive to stimuli; causes irritation of the mucous lining of the bronchi which causes the bronchi to swell shut

A

asthma

25
Q

exacerbation usually caused by pollen, dust, mold spores, animal dander, foods (eggs, shellfish, chocolate)

A

asthma

26
Q

inflammation of the lungs due to infection

A

pneumonia

27
Q

____ pneumonia affects a single lobe of the lung

A

lobar

28
Q

____ pneumonia affects small lung areas in several lobes

A

bronchial

29
Q

____ pneumonia affects the alveoli

A

interstitial

30
Q

inflammation of the pleura due to infection

A

pleurisy

31
Q

a collection of pus in a body cavity, especially the pleural space

A

empyema

32
Q

highly contagious disease that causes lesions to form in the lungs

A

tuberculosis

33
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis can be multi-drug resistant and has a ____ coating that allows it to survive for long periods of time in dried sputum or blood

A

waxy coating

34
Q

tuberculosis can cause tissue surrounding tubercles to become necrotic and form a white tissue which is called ____ and can also cause ____

A

caseation
cavitation

35
Q

infiltration of the lungs with various forms of dust

A

pneumoconiosis

36
Q

mineral dusts trapped in the respiratory system cause ____ to accumulate

A

macrophages

37
Q

4 types of pneumoconiosis

A

Coal worker’s pneumoconiosis / Black lung disease (coal dust)
Silicosis (crystalline silica)
Asbestosis (asbestos)
Berylliosis (beryllium)

38
Q

an incomplete expansion of the lung; results in inadequate oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange

A

atelectasis

39
Q

type of atelectasis due to trachea or bronchi becoming blocked

A

obstructive

40
Q

type of atelectasis due to loss of contact between parietal pleura and visceral pleura, compression, loss of surfactant, replacement of lung tissue by scarring, accumulation of blood or fluid in the pleural cavity, penetrating trauma, or air trapped in the pleural space

A

non-obstructive

41
Q

air trapped around the lungs prevents lungs from fully expanding

A

pneumothorax

42
Q

blood trapped around the lungs prevents lungs from fully expanding

A

hemothorax

43
Q

chronic inflammation of the respiratory system + air pockets forming at the terminal ends of the bronchioles

A

emphysema

44
Q

walls of the alveolar sacs become desiccated and tear; person cannot properly exhale and barrel chest develops

A

emphysema

45
Q

usually a secondary disease brought on by smoking, infections, or pneumoconiosis

A

emphysema

46
Q

area of inflamed, pus-filled tissue in the lung caused by infection usually caused by inhaled bacteria

A

lung abscess

47
Q

fungal diseases are often a complication associated with ____

A

AIDS

48
Q

fungal disease which can cause lesions in the bronchi and lungs

A

Aspergillosis

49
Q

fungal diseases which can cause respiratory failure (2)

A

fungal meningitis, fungal pneumonia

50
Q

fungal disease which can cause lesions in the lungs and COPD

A

Histoplasmosis

51
Q

separation of the two sides of the lip; may include the bones of the upper jaw

A

cleft lip

52
Q

two sides of the palate fail to fuse during fetal development; results in an opening between the palatine bones that form the roof of the mouth

A

cleft palate

53
Q

terminal and congenital disease in which cells cannot properly release chloride

A

cystic fibrosis

54
Q

results in a salt imbalance; cells produce a thick, sticky mucus that clogs the lungs and leads to infections, blocks the pancreas, and blocks digestive enzymes from reaching the intestine

A

cystic fibrosis

55
Q

causes a distinct bright red discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes because of carboxyhemoglobin in the blood

A

carbon monoxide poisoning

56
Q

an asphyxia which may be associated with congestion of the veins of the face, facial edema, cyanosis, petechial hemorrhages of the face and eyes, and ligature marks on the neck

A

hanging / strangulation

57
Q

may be associated with vomit, sand, silt, or sewage in the respiratory system; diving reflex associated with cold water may constrict blood vessels; may be associated with pulmonary edema

A

drowning

58
Q

bluish discoloration of the skin or mucous membrane due to lack of oxygen; usually intravascular

A

cyanosis

PIMS Pathology II (8 decks)

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