Week 8 Meno and Andropause (Q. 8)

Question 1

What is the male equivalent of menopause?

Answer 1

Andropause

• 80 years of age - 50% testosterone decrease - reduce by 1% after 30 yrs

Question 2

What are Sx and Sx of menopause?

Answer 2

• Forgetfulness, Mood Swings
• Hot Flushes, Night Sweats, Trouble Sleeping
• Heart Palpitations
• Irregular Menstrual Periods
• Urine Incontinence
• Vaginal Dryness
• Joint Aches and Pain
• Weight Gain
• Decreased Sex Drive

Question 3

At what age do woman peak in Oestrogen levels

A. Age 20
B. Age 35
C. Age 40
D. Age 50

Answer 3

B. Age 35

Question 4

True or False

Women who understand menopause as a medical condition rate it significantly more negatively than those who view it as a life transition or a symbol of aging

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Caucasian women see menopause as

A. time of deterioration/decline and isolation
B. sense of liberation and freedom
C. a celebration of age, wisdom and experience
D. can finally participate in Hindu temple rituals

Answer 5

A. time of deterioration/decline and isolation

Asian women - menopause focuses on a sense of liberation and celebrates freedom from the risk of pregnancy

Japan - no evidence linking midlife depression to menopause and no word for “hot flush”

Postmenopausal Indian women can enter Hindu temples and participate in rituals, marking it as a celebration for reaching an age of wisdom and experience

Question 6

What is Menopause?

A. A woman transitions from being fertile to sterile
B. A 3 stage process
C. A decrease in ovarian function
D. All the above

Answer 6

D. All the above

A woman transitions from being fertile to sterile

A decrease in ovarian function
- ovarian follicles no longer respond to FSH, therefore, Oestrogen and Progesterone production decreases

• No more egg production
• No more periods

Early menopause can be caused by cancer and some surgeries

Question 7

What are the 3 stages of Menopause of Women Reproduction?

Answer 7

Stage 1 - Peri-Menopause: Transition period before menopause

Stage 2 - Menopause: 12 Months Amenorrhoea

Stage 3 - Post Menopause: End of perimenopause until death

All three phases are collectively referred to as Menopause

Question 8

What is not true regarding stage one: Peri-Menopausal Phase?

A. ovaries gradually decrease hormone production
B. menstrual flow changes
C. fluid retention, breast tenderness
D. ovaries cease to produce eggs

Answer 8

Answer: D. Ovaries cease to produce eggs

This is an SxSx of STAGE TWO: MENOPAUSAL PHASE

Question 9

True or False

It is still possible to fall pregnant during STAGE TWO: MENOPAUSAL PHASE?

Answer 9

A. False

Sterility in this phase
Pregnancy no longer possible
Average age 51.4 years (40 y.o.a in the 1800’s)

Question 10

What is a key feature about STAGE THREE: POST MENOPAUSAL PHASE?

A. Hormonal levels stabilise
B. Ovaries stop producing hormones
C. Increased FAH and LH levels (due to estrogen unable to inhibit)
D. All the above

Answer 10

D. All the above

Question 11

In short term SxSx of Menopause, what is Acetylcholine linked to?

A. Night Sweats
B. Irritability
C. Vaginal Dryness
D. Joint Pain

Answer 11

B. Irritability

estrogen associated with acetylcholine production in the forebrain

• Irritability/Anxiety
• lessened memory/concentration
• sleep disturbances

Question 12

How is menopause linked to heart disease?

A. Natural degeneration of cells due to old age
B. The decrease in progesterone and testosterone
C. Decrease in Oestrogen
D. A higher ratio of Oestrogen to Testosterone

Answer 12

C. Decrease in Oestrogen

Oestrogen protects the heart from coronary artery disease, as Oestrogen helps to regulate the production of cholesterol in the liver –> decreasing plaque build up

Question 13

Other than being Caucasian, what are some risk factors for Osteoporosis?

Hint: DOE FLEAS

Answer 13

Decreased Physical Activity
Oestrogen decrease
Excessive intake of caffeine, alcohol

Family Hx
Low Body Weight
Excessive of PTH, cortisol
A decrease in Ca, Vit D (nutritional)
Smoking/Medications

Question 14

If a lack of physical activity and oestrogen levels contribute to osteoporosis. What some preventative methods?

Hint: SHEWS

Answer 14

Sunlight - Outside Activity
Hormonal replacement therapy
Exercise
Weight Training
Stop Smoking

Question 15

Regarding hormonal therapy, what are the 3 hormones generally replaced

Answer 15

Oestrogen

• to alleviate symptoms
• to protect bone,
• blood vessels
• heart brain, genital tract

Progesterone - to protect uterus, bone

Testosterone - to maintain bone, muscle, energy, libido

Question 16

Which of these is incorrect regarding Hormonal Replacement Therapy (HRT)?

A. HRT helps with bladder incontinence
B. Reduce anxiety and other psychosomatic Sx
C. Increased LDL cholesterol
D. Prevents bone reabsorption
E. Reduction in colon and rectal cancer

Answer 16

C. Increased LDL cholesterol

Oestrogens lower LDL, raise HDL, lower cholesterol levels

Makes blood vessels healthier

Question 17

What some changes in men going through andropause?

Answer 17

• Gynecomastia
• The decline in cognitive function, depression
• Thinning hair, hair loss
• Reduced muscle mass and strength
• Increased body fat
• osteoporosis
• Testicular Atrophy
• Loss of elasticity and thinning of the skin