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Special Populations > Week 1 Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Week 1 Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Successful fertilisation of the egg normally occurs in the __________.

Ovaries
Uterus
Uterine tube (Fallopian)
A

Uterine Tube (Fallopian)

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2
Q

After an egg is fertilized, it will implant in the __________ for further development.

Endometrium
Myometrium
Perimetrium

A

Endometrium

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3
Q

During menstruation, a portion of the endometrial lining is shed. Which of the following layers of the endometrium is involved in the “shedding” process?

stratum basalis
stratum epidermalis
stratum functionalis

A

stratum functionalis

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4
Q

Each breast consists of __________.
1 mammary gland
15‐20 mammary glands
over 20 mammary glands

A

1 mammary gland

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5
Q

When the myoepithelial cells contract, milk is forced from the alveoli to the nipple. Which of the following hormones causes the myoepithelial cells to contract?

Estrogen
Oxytocin
Progesterone

A

Oxytocin

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6
Q

Which of the following hormones is involved in the development of the mammary glands and ducts, thus preparing the body for pregnancy?

Prolactin
Oxytocin
Progesterone

A

Progesterone

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7
Q

After an egg is ovulated, the remaining follicular mass is called a __________.

Theca folliculi
Corpus luteum
Vesicular follicle

A

Corpus Luteum

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8
Q

Whenever an egg is ovulated, the body will prepare the endometrial lining for implantation just in case the egg is fertilized. In order to prepare for potential pregnancy, the __________ releases __________.

corpus luteum; progesterone
corpus callosum; estrogen
ovary; luteinizing hormone

A

Corpus luteum; Progesterone

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9
Q

The development of the corpus luteum occurs during the __________ cycle.

Uterine
Ovarian
Menstrual

A

Ovarian

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10
Q

When do the oogonia undergo mitosis?

before birth
at puberty
at the beginning of each menstrual cycle
during fertilization

A

Before Birth

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11
Q

From what structure does the corpus luteum originate?

uterine corpus
dominant follicle
Fallopian tube
corpus albicans

A

Dominant Follicle

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12
Q

Why do estrogen levels fall after menopause?

The ovaries degrade.
There are no follicles left to produce estrogen.
The pituitary secretes a menopause-specific hormone.
The cells of the endometrium degenerate

A

There are no follicles left to produce estrogen.

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13
Q

The vulva includes the ________.

lactiferous duct, rugae, and hymen

lactiferous duct, endometrium, and bulbourethral glands

mons pubis, endometrium, and hymen

mons pubis, labia majora, and Bartholin’s glands

A

mons pubis, labia majora, and Bartholin’s glands

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14
Q

In what part of the ovary contains a large number of primordial follicles?

Cortex
Hilum
Medulla

A

Cortex

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15
Q

What is the main hormone that helps primordial follicles develop into primary follicles?

Luteinizing hormone
Estrogen
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Estriol

A

FSH

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16
Q

The surge in LH that occurs during the middle of the ovarian cycle triggers ???

  Uterine-lining secretion
  Activation of primordial follicles
  FSH release
  Menstruation
  Ovulation
A

Ovulation

17
Q

The basic difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis is that ?

A

One mature ovum is produced in oogenesis, and four mature sperm are produced in spermatogenesis.

18
Q

The organ that makes estrogen and progesterone is the __________.

A

The ovaries, which make estrogen and progesterone, are the primary sex organs of the female.

19
Q

The surge in LH that occurs during the middle of the ovarian cycle triggers __________.

A

The surge in LH that occurs during the middle of the ovarian cycle triggers ovulation, which occurs, on average, at day 14 of the monthly cycle.

20
Q

Which cell type is actually ovulated from the ovary?

A

Secondary oocytes are ovulated from the ovary. Females do NOT ovulate true egg cells.

21
Q

Within the ovary, progesterone is produced by the __________.?

A

Within the ovary, progesterone is produced by the corpus luteum.

22
Q

What hormone is responsible for the secondary sex characteristics found in women?

A

Estrogen is responsible for the secondary sex characteristics in women.

23
Q

The muscular wall of the uterus is called the __________.

A

The muscular wall of the uterus is the myometrium

24
Q

Theca Cells work with Granulosa cells to create what hormone?

A

They are Estrogen producing cells in a maturing ovarian follicle

25
Q

After the mature follicle has ovulated the secondary oocyte, the follicle turns into a corpus luteum. The change in structure, alter what hormone the Theca & Granulosa cells produce.

Which is it?

a. Estrogen
b. FSH
c. Progestrone
d. LH

A

C. Progesterone

Instead of estrogen, granulosa and theca cells produce large amounts of progesterone.

Progesterone triggers negative feedback at the hypothalamus and pituitary, which keeps GnRH, LH, and FSH secretions low, so no new dominant follicles develop at this time.

26
Q

Post-Ovulation progesterone ‘luteal phase’ maintains a thick stratum functionalis (Endometrial lining Uterus). As long as a functional corpus luteum is present, the endometrial lining is prepared for implantation. If an embryo is not implanted on the wall, what follows next?

A

If an embryo does not implant = no signal sent to corpus luteum = degrades = ceasing progesterone production = ending luteal phase.

W/O progesterone, the endometrium thins and prostaglandins cause the arteries to constrict and rupture, preventing oxygenated blood from reaching the endometrial tissue = death (menses)

27
Q

During the days 0 - 3 in the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle. Progesterone, FHS and LH are

High or Low?

A

Early days of the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle = progesterone, FSH, and LH levels are low.

Recall that progesterone concentrations decline as a result of the degradation of the corpus luteum, marking the end of the luteal phase. This decline in progesterone triggers the shedding of the stratum functionalis of the endometrium

28
Q

What marks the beginning of the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle?

a. Granulosa and theca cells increase estrogen serum levels which stimulate the rebuilding of the endometrial lining
b. Granulosa and theca cells increase progesterone serum levels which stimulate the rebuilding of the endometrial lining

A

a. It occurs when the granulosa and theca cells of the tertiary follicles begin to produce increased amounts of estrogen. These rising estrogen concentrations stimulate the endometrial lining to rebuild.

.

29
Q

What marks the end of the proliferative cycle?

a. ovulation
b. Menstruation
c. Follicular phase
d. A mature zygote binding to endothelium

A

In a typical 28-day menstrual cycle, ovulation occurs on day 14. Ovulation marks the end of the proliferative phase as well as the end of the follicular phase

30
Q

What are the 3 functions of the Vagina?

As found in the required readings for revision

A
  1. Penetrative Sex
  2. A channel for the elimination of vaginal secretions and menstrual flow
  3. Birth Passage

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