Week 1 Female Reproductive System

Question 1

Successful fertilisation of the egg normally occurs in the __________.

Ovaries
Uterus
Uterine tube (Fallopian)

Answer 1

Uterine Tube (Fallopian)

Question 2

After an egg is fertilized, it will implant in the __________ for further development.

Endometrium
Myometrium
Perimetrium

Answer 2

Endometrium

Question 3

During menstruation, a portion of the endometrial lining is shed. Which of the following layers of the endometrium is involved in the “shedding” process?

stratum basalis
stratum epidermalis
stratum functionalis

Answer 3

stratum functionalis

Question 4

Each breast consists of __________.
1 mammary gland
15‐20 mammary glands
over 20 mammary glands

Answer 4

1 mammary gland

Question 5

When the myoepithelial cells contract, milk is forced from the alveoli to the nipple. Which of the following hormones causes the myoepithelial cells to contract?

Estrogen
Oxytocin
Progesterone

Answer 5

Oxytocin

Question 6

Which of the following hormones is involved in the development of the mammary glands and ducts, thus preparing the body for pregnancy?

Prolactin
Oxytocin
Progesterone

Answer 6

Progesterone

Question 7

After an egg is ovulated, the remaining follicular mass is called a __________.

Theca folliculi
Corpus luteum
Vesicular follicle

Answer 7

Corpus Luteum

Question 8

Whenever an egg is ovulated, the body will prepare the endometrial lining for implantation just in case the egg is fertilized. In order to prepare for potential pregnancy, the __________ releases __________.

corpus luteum; progesterone
corpus callosum; estrogen
ovary; luteinizing hormone

Answer 8

Corpus luteum; Progesterone

Question 9

The development of the corpus luteum occurs during the __________ cycle.

Uterine
Ovarian
Menstrual

Answer 9

Ovarian

Question 10

When do the oogonia undergo mitosis?

before birth
at puberty
at the beginning of each menstrual cycle
during fertilization

Answer 10

Before Birth

Question 11

From what structure does the corpus luteum originate?

uterine corpus
dominant follicle
Fallopian tube
corpus albicans

Answer 11

Dominant Follicle

Question 12

Why do estrogen levels fall after menopause?

The ovaries degrade.
There are no follicles left to produce estrogen.
The pituitary secretes a menopause-specific hormone.
The cells of the endometrium degenerate

Answer 12

There are no follicles left to produce estrogen.

Question 13

The vulva includes the ________.

lactiferous duct, rugae, and hymen

lactiferous duct, endometrium, and bulbourethral glands

mons pubis, endometrium, and hymen

mons pubis, labia majora, and Bartholin’s glands

Answer 13

mons pubis, labia majora, and Bartholin’s glands

Question 14

In what part of the ovary contains a large number of primordial follicles?

Cortex
Hilum
Medulla

Answer 14

Cortex

Question 15

What is the main hormone that helps primordial follicles develop into primary follicles?

Luteinizing hormone
Estrogen
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Estriol

Answer 15

FSH

Question 16

The surge in LH that occurs during the middle of the ovarian cycle triggers ???

  Uterine-lining secretion
  Activation of primordial follicles
  FSH release
  Menstruation
  Ovulation

Answer 16

Ovulation

Question 17

The basic difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis is that ?

Answer 17

One mature ovum is produced in oogenesis, and four mature sperm are produced in spermatogenesis.

Question 18

The organ that makes estrogen and progesterone is the __________.

Answer 18

The ovaries, which make estrogen and progesterone, are the primary sex organs of the female.

Question 19

The surge in LH that occurs during the middle of the ovarian cycle triggers __________.

Answer 19

The surge in LH that occurs during the middle of the ovarian cycle triggers ovulation, which occurs, on average, at day 14 of the monthly cycle.

Question 20

Which cell type is actually ovulated from the ovary?

Answer 20

Secondary oocytes are ovulated from the ovary. Females do NOT ovulate true egg cells.

Question 21

Within the ovary, progesterone is produced by the __________.?

Answer 21

Within the ovary, progesterone is produced by the corpus luteum.

Question 22

What hormone is responsible for the secondary sex characteristics found in women?

Answer 22

Estrogen is responsible for the secondary sex characteristics in women.

Question 23

The muscular wall of the uterus is called the __________.

Answer 23

The muscular wall of the uterus is the myometrium

Question 24

Theca Cells work with Granulosa cells to create what hormone?

Answer 24

They are Estrogen producing cells in a maturing ovarian follicle

Question 25

After the mature follicle has ovulated the secondary oocyte, the follicle turns into a corpus luteum. The change in structure, alter what hormone the Theca & Granulosa cells produce.

Which is it?

a. Estrogen
b. FSH
c. Progestrone
d. LH

Answer 25

C. Progesterone

Instead of estrogen, granulosa and theca cells produce large amounts of progesterone.

Progesterone triggers negative feedback at the hypothalamus and pituitary, which keeps GnRH, LH, and FSH secretions low, so no new dominant follicles develop at this time.

Question 26

Post-Ovulation progesterone ‘luteal phase’ maintains a thick stratum functionalis (Endometrial lining Uterus). As long as a functional corpus luteum is present, the endometrial lining is prepared for implantation. If an embryo is not implanted on the wall, what follows next?

Answer 26

If an embryo does not implant = no signal sent to corpus luteum = degrades = ceasing progesterone production = ending luteal phase.

W/O progesterone, the endometrium thins and prostaglandins cause the arteries to constrict and rupture, preventing oxygenated blood from reaching the endometrial tissue = death (menses)

Question 27

During the days 0 - 3 in the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle. Progesterone, FHS and LH are

High or Low?

Answer 27

Early days of the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle = progesterone, FSH, and LH levels are low.

Recall that progesterone concentrations decline as a result of the degradation of the corpus luteum, marking the end of the luteal phase. This decline in progesterone triggers the shedding of the stratum functionalis of the endometrium

Question 28

What marks the beginning of the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle?

a. Granulosa and theca cells increase estrogen serum levels which stimulate the rebuilding of the endometrial lining
b. Granulosa and theca cells increase progesterone serum levels which stimulate the rebuilding of the endometrial lining

Answer 28

a. It occurs when the granulosa and theca cells of the tertiary follicles begin to produce increased amounts of estrogen. These rising estrogen concentrations stimulate the endometrial lining to rebuild.

.

Question 29

What marks the end of the proliferative cycle?

a. ovulation
b. Menstruation
c. Follicular phase
d. A mature zygote binding to endothelium

Answer 29

In a typical 28-day menstrual cycle, ovulation occurs on day 14. Ovulation marks the end of the proliferative phase as well as the end of the follicular phase

Question 30

What are the 3 functions of the Vagina?

As found in the required readings for revision

Answer 30

1. Penetrative Sex
2. A channel for the elimination of vaginal secretions and menstrual flow
3. Birth Passage