Week 8 - Intervention Part B (Children & Adolescents) Flashcards
Development disorders require what therapy?
INTENSIVE BEHAVIOURAL PROGRAMMING
Can start at age 2
Include up to 40 hrs per week
• Often requires multidisciplinary treatments:
• Individual work
• Speech and language pathology
• Occupational therapy
• Physical therapy
• Social skills training
Developments disorders can also use what?
Applied behaviour analysis (ABA)
Focuses on (+) reinforcement increase adaptive behaviour and (-) negative behaviour
Skills can be listening, reading and communicating
What is included in trauma focused CBT?
Components:
• psychoeducation
• parenting skills
• relaxation
• affective expression/modulation
• cognitive coping & processing
• trauma narrative
• In-vivo mastery
• child-parent join in sessions
• enhancing future safety
What is SPARCS?
What are the 3 empirically-informed interventions?
Group program for adolescents
16 hr
For CHRONICALLY traumatized adolescents, ages of 12-21 who are still living with ongoing stress
Based on 3 empirically-informed interventions that were adapted and integrated…
- Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Adolescents
- Trauma Adaptive Recovery – Group Education and Therapy (TARGET)
- School-Based Trauma/Grief Group Psychotherapy Program
What are some SPARCS topics?
• Manage Your Emotions So They Don’t Manage You, including
anger, sadness, and worries
• Understand How Your Body Reacts to Stress
• How to Get What You Want: Improving Communication Skills
• Relationships: Building the Kind of Support You Want
• Create meaning for the past and purpose for the future
What does process-experiential therapy include?
Theraputic relationship + client self-determination + therapist empathy = EXPLORING EMOTIONS & EXPERIENCES ———>
What is emotion focused therapy?
Sue Johnson and Les Greenberg
Process-experiential approach that systematically helps clients
become AWARE OF and MAKE USE of their EMOTIONS
INTERGRATES:
1. person-centered
2. gestalt
3. existential therapies
Strong attachment theory
EMOTION is seen as a source of meaning, direction, and growth
What are the 3 stages of emotion-focused therapy?
- Stage 1 (cycle de-escalation)
- help couples to identify PROBLEMATIC interaction patterns as the route causes of their difficulties
- focus on EMOTIONS that form the (-) interaction patterns, such as sadness, loneliness & fear - Stage 2 (restructuring the attachment bond)
- objectives include with drawer re-engagement and blamer softener, where both parties can ACKNOWLEDGE FEELINGS & HURTS & ask to be comforted - Stage 3 (consolidation & reintegration)
- use NEW WAYS of relating to long-standing problems
What is general systems theory?
Includes…
- SYSTEM:
- maintained by the mutual interactions of its components and proposes that the actions of interacting components are best understood by studying them in their CONTEXT - FAMILY THERAPISTS view family as OPEN SYSTEM:
- continuously receives INPUT from and discharges OUTPUT to the
environment and is more ADAPTABLE to change - HOMEOSTASIS:
- the tendency for a family to act in ways that MAINTAIN the family’s equilibrium or status quo
- a consequence is that, if the problems of one family member improve, the disturbance is likely to reappear elsewhere in the family
What is functional family therapy (FFT)?
What do delinquent families show?
Goal is to IMPROVE family relationships by changing family
COMMUNICATION patterns
Families are taught to use more RECIPROCAL supportive
communication
***Delinquent families show:
1. HIGH defensive communication (harsh and angry, highly critical)
2. LITTLE supportive communication (empathy, providing helpful information, and not interruptive)
What is multisystematic therapy (MST)?
Designed for ADOLESCENTS with significant BEHAVIOUR PROBLEMS
Based on an ECOLOGICAL theory
Functioning occurs within MULTIPLE CONTEXTS of an individual’s life
Often involves MULTIPLE THERAPISTS
Treatment can last 3-6 months, up to 100 hrs
Strategies can involve…
- empirically supported problem-focused treatments such as structural/strategic & behavioural family therapies
- behavioural parent training
- cognitive behavioral therapy
Requires PARTICIPATION with multiple agencies, such as
parents, school, community, recreation, criminal justice system
Strategies aim to be COMPLIMENTARY/CONSISTENT across the SYSTEMS
What are the 9 principles of MST?
- Find the fit between the identified problems and their
broader systemic context - Focus on the positives and strengths as the agents of
change - Promote responsible behaviour and decrease
irresponsible behaviour - Interventions are present focused and action oriented,
targeting specific and well-defined problems - Target sequences of behaviour within and between
multiple systems that maintain the identified problems - Developmentally appropriate
- Involve continuous effort
- Effectiveness is evaluated continuously from multiple
perspectives, with providers assuming accountability
for overcoming barriers to successful outcomes - Designed to promote treatment generalization and
long-term maintenance of therapeutic c
What are some examples of group therapy?
Psychoeducational groups
Psychotherapy groups
Structured groups
Process groups
Close-ended groups
Open-ended/rolling groups
What are Yalom’s 3 stages in group therapy?
- Stage one (orientation: hesitant participation: search for meaning, dependency):
- characterized by attempts to determine the group’s STRUCTURE & MEANING
- stereotyped, restricted, and rational communication style
- search for SIMILARITIES among group members; and ADVICE SEEKING/GIVING
- members look primarily to the leader for APPROVAL and ACCEPTANCE as well as for ANSWERS to their questions - Stage 2 (conflict, dominance & rebellion):
- each member attempts to ESTABLISH his/her preferred
amount of INITIATIVE/POWER
- gradually a CONTROL HIERARCHY, a social pecking order, emerges
- advice giving is REPLACED by criticism, judgmental statements, and other negative comments
- some members may express HOSTILITY toward the therapist as
a result of RESISTANCE and the realization that they are not
going to become the therapist’s “favoured child” - Stage 3 (development of cohesiveness):
- as a result, unity, intimacy, and closeness become the CHIEF CONCERNS
- morale, trust, and self- disclosure INCREASE
- ATTENDANCE IMPROVES
- members show CONCERN whenever a member is ABSENT
- cohesiveness is a CRITICAL aspect and similar to the therapist-client relationship
What are Yalom’s 3 tasks of the therapist?
- Creation & maintenance of the group:
- the therapist not only initially organizes the group but works
to MINIMIZES the forces that THREATEN the group COHESIVENESS
• e.g., absences, tardiness, subgrouping - Culture building:
- the therapist creates a group culture that is MAXIMALLY
conducive to EFFECTIVE group interaction
- this includes providing EXPLICIT/IMPLICIT directives that
foster appropriate behavioural NORMS
- to establish norms, the therapist adopts two roles —
TECHNICAL expert & PARTICIPANT/MODEL
EX) with regard to the former role, if group members develop a “nontherapeutic norm” of turn-taking (rather than spontaneous interaction)
**Yalom recommends that the leader call attention to that pattern and discuss how it developed and whether it should be changed
- Activation & illumination of the here-and-now:
- the therapist focuses the group’s ATTENTION on the here-and-
now and then helps members UNDERSTAND the processes that
have occurred in the present
EX) the therapist guides each member through the
following sequence:
“Here is what your behavior is like; here is how your behaviour makes others feel; here is how your behaviour influences the opinions that others have of you; and here is how your behavior affects your opinion of yourself
