Week 8 - HIV/AIDS Flashcards
what is HIV
- human immunodeficiency virus
- RNA virus or retrovirus
where is HIV found (5)
- body fluids
- breast milk
- blood
- semen
- vaginal secretions
how can HIV be transmitted (4)
- sexual intercourse w an infected partner
- blood transfusion
- sharing of drug paraphernalia (Needles)
- perinatally at time of delivery or thru breastfeeding
how long does the ability to transmit HIV last
- lifelong
how is HIV NOT spread
not spread casually, so not through: - tears - saliva - urine - feces - sweat - sputum - sharing eating utensils - working w an HIV infected person etc.
what are risk factors for HIV (4)
- IV drug use
- mother to child
- unsafe sexual practices
- blood transfusions
how can HIV be prevented (4)
- education
- safe sexual activities (condoms, outercourse, etc.)
- do not share injecting equipment
- if a pregnant women has HIV, optimal ART
describe the typical course of HIV
- acute retroviral syndrome
- early chronic infection
- intermediate chronic infection
- late chronic infection = AIDS
what manifestations are seen during acute infection of HIV (acute retroviral syndrome) (10)
- fever
- swollen lymph glands
- sore throat
- headache
- malaise
- nausea
- muscle and joint pain
- diarrhea
- diffuse rash
- neuro complications (less common)
basically just like flu like symptoms, is often mistaken for a cold or flu
what neuro complications may occur during acute infection of HIV (3)
- aseptic meningitis
- peripheral neuropathy
- GBS
what symptoms are seen during early chronic infection (7)
- asymptomatic, vague, nonspecific; may experience:
- fatigue
- headache
- low grade fever
- night swears
- persistent generalized lymphadenopathy
- normal or slightly decreased CD4
what symptoms are seen during intermediate chronic infection of HIV (10)
worsened symptoms seen in earlier stages:
- persistent fever
- frequent drenching night swats
- severe fatigue
- chronic diarrhea
- recurrent headache
- lymphadenopathy
- localized infections
- nervous system manifestations
- low CD4
what is the most common infection associated w intermediate chronic infection of HIV
- oropharyngeal candidiasis –> thrush
what is the treatment for thrush
- nyastatin swish and swallow or swish & spit
what symptoms are seen during later chronic infection of HIV (AIDS) (2)
- severely compromised immune system
- opportunistic diseases that contribute to disability & death
what is included in diagnostic studies for HIV (6)
- HIV antibodies
- CD4+ T cell count
- low WBC
- low neutrophils
- low plts
- altered liver fnxn tests
as HIV progresses, what happen to CD4+T cells counts? what does this indicate
- decreases = indicates decreased immune function
what is the primary goal of treatment for HIV
- treat the symptoms
what are secondary goals for HIV treatment (6)
- monitor disease progression
- monitor immune function (CD4+T cell counts)
- initiate and monitor ART (anti-retro virals)
- prevent opportunistic infection
- treat complications
- follow ups
is there a cure for HIV
- no
why/when do most pts with HIV come to the hospital (2)
- w exacerbation
- or an opportunistic infection
what info should be gathered during the initial visit to the hospital (8)
- detailed health history history
- assess for risks of HIV ( blood transfusion before 1985, shared needles, sexual history, STIs)
- physical exam
- immunization history
- when were they diagnosed? is this a new diagnosis?
- previous hospitalizations or treatment?
- med regime
- supports
what is included in collab care for HIV (3)
- drug therapy for HIV infection
- prevention of opportunistic infections
- health promotion & promote healthy immune system
what is the drug therapy for HIV infection
- ARTs (anti retro virals)
