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NURS 3512 - Class 7-12 > Week 8 - HIV/AIDS > Flashcards

Week 8 - HIV/AIDS Flashcards

1
Q

what is HIV

A
  • human immunodeficiency virus

- RNA virus or retrovirus

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2
Q

where is HIV found (5)

A
  • body fluids
  • breast milk
  • blood
  • semen
  • vaginal secretions
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3
Q

how can HIV be transmitted (4)

A
  • sexual intercourse w an infected partner
  • blood transfusion
  • sharing of drug paraphernalia (Needles)
  • perinatally at time of delivery or thru breastfeeding
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4
Q

how long does the ability to transmit HIV last

A
  • lifelong
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5
Q

how is HIV NOT spread

A 
not spread casually, so not through:
- tears
- saliva
- urine
- feces
- sweat
- sputum
- sharing eating utensils
- working w an HIV infected person 
etc.
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6
Q

what are risk factors for HIV (4)

A
  • IV drug use
  • mother to child
  • unsafe sexual practices
  • blood transfusions
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7
Q

how can HIV be prevented (4)

A
  • education
  • safe sexual activities (condoms, outercourse, etc.)
  • do not share injecting equipment
  • if a pregnant women has HIV, optimal ART
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8
Q

describe the typical course of HIV

A
  1. acute retroviral syndrome
  2. early chronic infection
  3. intermediate chronic infection
  4. late chronic infection = AIDS
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9
Q

what manifestations are seen during acute infection of HIV (acute retroviral syndrome) (10)

A
  • fever
  • swollen lymph glands
  • sore throat
  • headache
  • malaise
  • nausea
  • muscle and joint pain
  • diarrhea
  • diffuse rash
  • neuro complications (less common)

basically just like flu like symptoms, is often mistaken for a cold or flu

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10
Q

what neuro complications may occur during acute infection of HIV (3)

A
  • aseptic meningitis
  • peripheral neuropathy
  • GBS
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11
Q

what symptoms are seen during early chronic infection (7)

A
  • asymptomatic, vague, nonspecific; may experience:
  • fatigue
  • headache
  • low grade fever
  • night swears
  • persistent generalized lymphadenopathy
  • normal or slightly decreased CD4
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12
Q

what symptoms are seen during intermediate chronic infection of HIV (10)

A

worsened symptoms seen in earlier stages:

  • persistent fever
  • frequent drenching night swats
  • severe fatigue
  • chronic diarrhea
  • recurrent headache
  • lymphadenopathy
  • localized infections
  • nervous system manifestations
  • low CD4
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13
Q

what is the most common infection associated w intermediate chronic infection of HIV

A
  • oropharyngeal candidiasis –> thrush
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14
Q

what is the treatment for thrush

A
  • nyastatin swish and swallow or swish & spit
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15
Q

what symptoms are seen during later chronic infection of HIV (AIDS) (2)

A
  • severely compromised immune system

- opportunistic diseases that contribute to disability & death

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16
Q

what is included in diagnostic studies for HIV (6)

A
  • HIV antibodies
  • CD4+ T cell count
  • low WBC
  • low neutrophils
  • low plts
  • altered liver fnxn tests
17
Q

as HIV progresses, what happen to CD4+T cells counts? what does this indicate

A
  • decreases = indicates decreased immune function
18
Q

what is the primary goal of treatment for HIV

A
  • treat the symptoms
19
Q

what are secondary goals for HIV treatment (6)

A
  • monitor disease progression
  • monitor immune function (CD4+T cell counts)
  • initiate and monitor ART (anti-retro virals)
  • prevent opportunistic infection
  • treat complications
  • follow ups
20
Q

is there a cure for HIV

A
  • no
21
Q

why/when do most pts with HIV come to the hospital (2)

A
  • w exacerbation

- or an opportunistic infection

22
Q

what info should be gathered during the initial visit to the hospital (8)

A
  • detailed health history history
  • assess for risks of HIV ( blood transfusion before 1985, shared needles, sexual history, STIs)
  • physical exam
  • immunization history
  • when were they diagnosed? is this a new diagnosis?
  • previous hospitalizations or treatment?
  • med regime
  • supports
23
Q

what is included in collab care for HIV (3)

A
  • drug therapy for HIV infection
  • prevention of opportunistic infections
  • health promotion & promote healthy immune system
24
Q

what is the drug therapy for HIV infection

A
  • ARTs (anti retro virals)
25
Q

what effect do ARTs have (5)

A
  • decrease viral load
  • maintain or raise CD4+ T cell counts
  • delay development of HIV related symptoms
  • delay opportunistic infection
  • reduces transmission
26
Q

describe the med regime for ARTs (3)

A
  • may have to taken anywhere from 3-20 pills/day = adherence difficult
  • should be taken at same time every day
  • must maintain 95% adherence to avoid drug resistance
27
Q

when should ARTs be started

A
  • can be delayed until CD4 drops below 500
    (used to be “hit it early, hit it hard” , but s/e and difficult w adherence made pts question their ability to sustain ART for long period of time)
28
Q

what is care for HIV dependent on

A
  • chief complaint

ex. opportunistic infection

29
Q

what are some examples of opportunistic infections that can occur in a pt with HIV (5)

A
  • shingles
  • oropharyngeal candidiasis
  • pneumonia
  • herpes
  • karposis sarcoma
30
Q

how can opportunistic infections be prevented in a pt with HIV (3)

A
  • ART
  • vaccines
  • disease-specific prevention measures
31
Q

what is the rapid treatment for opportunistic infections in pts with HIV (4)

A
  • antifungals
  • antibiotics
  • immunizations
  • continue ART
32
Q

why is health promotion and promoting a healthy immune system important

A
  • delays HIV disease progression
33
Q

what are some interventions to promote a healthy immune system in pts w HIV (8)

A
  • nutritional support (approp lvls of vitamins, micronutrients)
  • moderation or elimination of alcohol, smoking, and drug use
  • adequate rest
  • exercise
  • stress reduction
  • avoid exposure to new infectious agents
  • mental heath counselling
  • involvement in support groups & community activities
34
Q

what are imp considerations regarding antibiotic use in pts with HIV (5)

A
  • dependent on pt
  • decrease risk for antibiotic resistance
  • do not use antibiotics prophylactically (need to prevent resistance)
  • consider pts ability to fight infection, status of their immune system, and overall health
  • consider how the pt is after antibiotics are finished (did it clear it up or not? need longer or something different?)
35
Q

what is done upon discharge of pts with HIV (2)

A
  • assess need for education

- provide identified supports (social work, home care)

36
Q

what should a pt with HIV be educated on upon discharge (8)

A
  • about the disease, its risks, transmission, etc.
  • harm reduction
  • health promotion strategies (rest, nutrition, avoid alcohol & drugs, mental health supports, etc.)
  • follow up
  • how to prevent infection (hygeine, vaccines, etc.)
  • when to seek care (signs of infection)
  • med adherence, ARTs info

NURS 3512 - Class 7-12 (49 decks)

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