Week 8 - Cardiovascular

Question 1

AE of nitrates

Answer 1

OH, reflex tachycardia, dizziness

Question 2

what are antiplatelets used for?

Answer 2

prevent thrombus

Question 3

what are anticoagulants used for?

Answer 3

prevent initial thrombus and prevent extension of current thrombus

Question 4

what are fibrinolytics used for?

Answer 4

clot buster

Question 5

all antithrombotics have a risk of what?

Answer 5

bleeding

Question 6

MOA of ADP Receptor (Plavix)

Answer 6

bind to P2Y12 receptor to block ADP and block platelet aggregation (block clotting)

Question 7

Why is plavix a prodrug?

Answer 7

it must be activated to work

Question 8

Heparin MOA

Answer 8

increases action of antithrombin which inactivates thrombin and factor 10 which prevents fibrinogen to fibrin to stop coagulation

Question 9

low molecular weight heparin MOA

Answer 9

same as heparin but has greater effect on inhibiting factor 10 than thrombin - which stops coagulation

Question 10

Warfin MOA

Answer 10

binds to VKORC1 which activates K so now K is inactive and can’t synthesis factors 7, 9, 10 and 2 (inhibits sents)

Question 11

Why does warfin not work immediately?

Answer 11

needs time to decrease vitamin K levels so doses vary on day of the week (multicolored pills)

Question 12

low INR has what risk?

Answer 12

clotting

Question 13

high INR has what risk?

Answer 13

bleeding

Question 14

what foods have high vitamin K

Answer 14

leafy green, cucumbers, kiwi

Question 15

-xaban MOA

Answer 15

inhibit factor 10 which stops coagulation

Question 16

-xaban AE

Answer 16

lower intracranial bleed risk than warfarin but still a bleed risk

Question 17

What factor 10 inhibitor has the lowest bleed risk?

Answer 17

apixaban (Eliquis)

Question 18

Why is warfarin preferred over -xaban due to duration of action?

Answer 18

warfarin has a long duration and -xaban has a short so if patient forgets to take meds, warfarin is still in body

Question 19

statin MOA

Answer 19

block HMG-CoA which blocks cholesterol synthesis

Question 20

Statin AE

Answer 20

myalgia, headache, increase liver function

Question 21

digoxin MOA

Answer 21

inhibit Na+/K+ pump so increase Na+, Ca2+ and increase contractility

Question 22

what is amiodarone used for?

Answer 22

cardiac arrhythmias

Question 23

amiodarone MOA

Answer 23

prolong action potential by blocking K+, Na+, and Ca2+ channels

Question 24

Amiodarone AE

Answer 24

LFTs (liver toxicity), TFTs (thyroid dysfunction), PFTs (pulmonary fibrosis), bradycardia, and blue discoloration after long time

Question 25

Is amiodarone 1/2 life short or long?

Answer 25

very long so AEs can prolong after withdrawal

Question 26

Entresto AE

Answer 26

same as ARBs (dizziness, hyperkalemia), higher risk of angioedema

Question 27

digoxin AE

Answer 27

GI (NVD), CNS (blurred vision, confusion, lethargy), and cardiac arrythmia