Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm 716 > Week 12/13 - Endocrine > Flashcards

Week 12/13 - Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

hormones related to anterior lope of pituitary gland

A
  • growth hormone (GH)
  • luteinizing hormone (LH)
  • follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
  • thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
  • adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
  • prolactin (Pr)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

hormones related to the posterior lobe of pituitary gland

A

oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

growth hormone is also known as what?

A

somatropin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

GH MOA

A

synthetic hormone that impacts bone, skeleton muscle, organs, and fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

GH AE

A

fluid retention/edema, muscle and joint pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

vasopressin is also known as what?

A

antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or arginine vasopressin (AVP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the role of vasopressin?

A

decrease water excretion by causing increased urine concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

DDAVP MOA

A

DDAVP binds to V2 receptor in collecting duct which increased aquaporin 2 on cell to make cell more permeable to water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the synthetic vasopressin?

A

desmopressin (DDAVP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what can DDAVP be used for in kids?

A

nocturia - bed wetting at night

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

DDAVP AE

A

dry mouth, hyponatremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the symptoms of diabetes? (10)

A
  • always tired
  • always hungry
  • always thirsty
  • sudden weight loss
  • sexual problems
  • vaginal infections
  • numb/tingling hands or feet
  • frequent urination
  • wounds that won’t heal
  • blurry vision
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is latent autoimmune diabetes (LADA) and how is it managed

A

slower beta-cell destruction and managed like T2DM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are symptoms of hypoclycemia?

A

think about how you feel when you are hangry

  • shaky
  • sweaty
  • dizzy
  • confusion and difficulty speaking
  • hungry
  • weak or tired
  • headache
  • nervous or upset
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what would you give a patient that is hypoglycemic?

A

sugary snack or drink like OJ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

MOA of metformin

A

not fully known but inhibits production of glucose, inhibits instestinal absorption of glucose, and increases insulin sensitivity in muscle and fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

risk of hypoglycemia with metformin

A

low

18
Q

AE of metformin

A

GI - diarrhea, nausea, abdominal cramping/bloating

19
Q

what can develop over time with metformin?

A

vitamin B12 deficiency

20
Q

MOA of sulfonylureas

A

binds to sulfonylurea receptor in pancreas and depolarization causes insulin release

21
Q

sulfonylureas AE

A

hypoglycemia (especially in elderly and renal dysfunction) and weight gain

22
Q

GLipizide is in what drug class

A

sulfonylureas - remember GL for prefix

23
Q

when are sulfonylureas taken?

A

typically before breakfast; immediate release must be 30 minutes before meal otherwise you increase risk of hypoglycemia

24
Q

Thiazolidinedione (TZD) MOA

A

increase insulin sensitivity by agonizing PPARgamma which increases glucose metabolism; insulin sensitizer

25
Q

Thiazolidinedione (TZD) hypoglycemia risk

A

low

26
Q

Thiazolidinedione (TZD) AE

A

edema, long term increase risk of bone fracture (especially in females)

27
Q

What is boxed warning for Thiazolidinedione (TZD)?

A

can worsen heart failure after starting or increasing dose

28
Q

DDP4 inhibitors suffix

A

-gliptin

29
Q

DDP4 inhibitors MOA

A

inhibits DDP4 enzyme that breaks down incretin hormones; prolonged incretin hormone levels increases insulin synthesis and release and decreases glycogen secretion

30
Q

DDP4 inhibitors hypoglycemia risk

A

low

31
Q

DDP4 inhibitors AE

A

very well tolerated, new case reports show AE of arthralgia

32
Q

SGLT2 inhibitor suffix

A

-flozin

33
Q

SGLT2 inhibitor MOA

A

blocks glucose reabsorption in kidney at SGLT2 which increases urinary glucose excretion

34
Q

SGLT2 inhibitor AE

A

volume-depletion related AE - dizziness/light-headed, genitourinary infections, renal insufficiency - leads to increased ketones which increases body pH

35
Q

GLP1 receptor agonist MOA

A
  • think GLP (gut, liver, pancreas)
    increases insulin secretion in presence of elevated glucose, decreases glucagon secretion which decreases blood glucose, slows gastric emptying
36
Q

GLP1 receptor agonist AE

A

GI - nausea, bloating, diarrhea

37
Q

Insulin MOA

A

binds tyrosine kinase receptors which promotes increased expression of GLUT4 receptor to increase glucose uptake; inhibits production of glucose

38
Q

Insulin AE

A

hypoglycemia and weight gain

39
Q

what is basal insulin

A
  • think “base” bc it is always working in the background

- 24 hour insulins given once per day

40
Q

what is bolus insulin

A
  • think “bowl” of food

- given before a meal; sliding-scale insulin

41
Q

what blood glucose level is too high for PT

A

> 300 mg/dL

Pharm 716 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions