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Pharm 716 > Week 11 - GI > Flashcards

Week 11 - GI Flashcards

1
Q

Antacids MOA

A

neutralize gastric acidity

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2
Q

Antacids magnesium AE

A

diarrhea

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3
Q

Antacids aluminum and calcium AE

A

constipation

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4
Q

Antacids AE

A

effervescent (fizzy) have high sodium, DDI bc of altered pH, alter elctrolyte absorption in GI

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5
Q

When should you avoid antacids with other oral meds?

A

within 2 hours of taking other oral meds

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6
Q

H2 receptor antagonists MOA

A

reduce secretion of stimulated acid

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7
Q

H2 receptor antagonists AE

A

diarrhea, muscle pain, rashes

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8
Q

H2 receptor antagonists on drug list

A

famotidine (Pepsid) and ranitidine (Zantac)

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9
Q

PPI MOA

A

irreversibly inhibis H+/K+ ATPase pump which blocks secretion of acid into stomach

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10
Q

PPI AE

A

well-tolerated, long term use associated w/ gastric polyps, altered calcium metabolism, some CV issues

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11
Q

PPI on drug list

A

-azole, omeprazole (Prilosec) and esomeprazole (Nexium)

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12
Q

7 drug classes for nausea

A

anticholinergics, antihistamines, neuroleptics, prokinetic, serotonin blockers, neurokinin-1 receptor blockers, cannabinoids

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13
Q

Anticholinergics MOA

A

binds to ACh receptor on vestibular nuclei to block communication

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14
Q

Anticholinergics AE

A

dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth, blurred vision, dilated pupils, difficult urination

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15
Q

Antihistamines MOA

A

inhibit vestibular input to the CTZ (chemoreceptor trigger zone)

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16
Q

Antihistamines AE

A

dizziness and sedation

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17
Q

What antiemetics are used for motion sickness?

A

antihistamines

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18
Q

Neuroleptic MOA

A

block dopamine receptors in CTZ

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19
Q

Neuroleptic AE

A

OH, tachycardia, blurred vision, dry eyes, urinary retention - long term use causes extrapyramidal symptoms

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20
Q

Prokinetic MOA

A

block dopamine in CTZ

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21
Q

Prokinetic AE

A

sedation, diarrhea, weakness - prolong use causes extrapyramidal symptoms

22
Q

Serotonin blockers MOA

A

block serotonin receptors in GI, CTZ, and vomiting center

23
Q

Serotonin blockers AE

A

headache, dizziness, diarrhea

24
Q

Neurokinin 1 receptor blockers MOA

A

block supstance P from binding to neurokinin 1 receptors - prevents central and peripheral stimulation of vomiting centers

25
Q

Neurokinin 1 receptor blockers AE

A

sedation, GI issues, Stevens-Johnson

26
Q

Cannabinoids MOA

A

unclear

27
Q

Cannabinoids AE

A

ataxia, light-headedness, blurred vision, dry mouth, CNS symptoms

28
Q

scopolamine (Transderm Scop) is in what class?

A

anticholinergic antiemetic

29
Q

meclizine is in what class?

A

antihistamines antiemetic

30
Q

metoclopramide is in what class?

A

prokinetic antiemetic

31
Q

ondansetron (Zofran) is in what class?

A

serotonin blockers antiemetic

32
Q

what are the 4 antidiarrheal agents?

A

absorbents, anticholinergics, intestinal flora modifiers, and opiates

33
Q

Absorbents MOA

A

binds bacteria causing diarrhea to carry them out with feces

34
Q

Absorbents AE

A

aspirin product so avoid with flu children, increase bleeding, GI bleed, tinnitus

35
Q

Anticholinergics antidiarrheal MOA

A

inhibit parasympathetic to reduce peristalsis of GI tract

36
Q

Anticholinergics antidiarrheal AE

A

stop PNS, decrease secretions (atropine AE), etc

37
Q

intestinal flora modifiers MOA

A

restore natural balance of bacteria - great to take with antibiotic

38
Q

Opiates MOA

A

decrease GI motility

39
Q

Opiates AE

A

sedation, dizziness, constipation, nausea, vomiting, bradycardia, hypotension, urinary retention

40
Q

5 laxatives classes

A

bulk-forming, hyperosmotic, saline, emollient, and stimulant

41
Q

stimulant MOA

A

stimulate peristalsis through enteric nervous system

42
Q

stimulant AE

A

long term use can lead to dependence and loss of cell/colon function

43
Q

emollient MOA

A

facilitate water and fab absorption into stool (fecal softeners)

44
Q

emollient AE

A

well–tolerated, skin rash, decrease vitamin absorption, electrolyte imbalance

45
Q

hyperosmotic MOA

A

draws fluid into colon by creating gradient

46
Q

hyperosmotic AE

A

abdominal bloating, rectal irritation, electrolyte imbalance

47
Q

saline MOA

A

osmotic pressure pushes water into intestines

48
Q

saline AE

A

salts may cause issues with individual with diminished cardiac or renal function

49
Q

bulk forming MOA

A

increase water absorption to soften and increase bulk of feces

50
Q

bulk forming AE

A

relatively safe, not for individuals with abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting

Pharm 716 (10 decks)

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