Week 8 Flashcards
Altruism
A motive to increase another’s welfare without conscious regard for one’s own self-interests.
Social-Exchange Theory
Human interactions are transactions that aims to max one’s rewards and minimize one’s costs.
Egoism
A motive to increase your own welfare; opposite of altruism.
Why do we help?
Internal and external rewards, to lessen guilt.
Exceptions to “feel bad-do good”
Anger, depression, profound grief - emotions that are self-preoccupied.
The reciprocity norm
An expectation that people will help, not hurt those who have helped them.
Social Capital
Reciprocity within social networks (neighbours).
Social responsibility norm
An expectation that people will help those dependent upon them.
Ex: stranger on crutches dropping something.
Attributions dictate responses.
Gender & Help
Men are more likely to help women (other motives), or in dangerous situations.
Women more likely to help in safe situations.
Kin Selection
The idea that evolution has selected altruism towards one’s close relatives to enhance survival of mutually shared genes.
Group Selection
When groups are in competition, groups of mutually supportive altruists outlast those unlike.
Empathy
The vicarious experience of someone else’s feelings; putting yourself in someone else’s shoes.
When will we help?
few bystanders, someone else is helping, not rushed, and when person in need is similar.
Illusion of Transparency
A tendency to overestimate other’s abilities to read out internal state - leads to pluralistic ignorance.
Bystander Effect:
The finding that a person is less likely to provide help when there are other bystanders.
