Week 2

Question 1

Spotlight Effect

Answer 1

The belief that others are paying more attention to our appearance than they really are.

Question 2

Illusion of Transparency

Answer 2

The illusion that our concealed emotions leak out and can be easily read by others.

Question 3

Self-Concept

Answer 3

How a person answers the question: “Who am I?”

Provides a glimpse of their self-concept.

Question 4

Self-Schemas

Answer 4

Beliefs about self that organize and guide the processing of self-relavent information.
Ex: athletic - notice peoples bodies & sports related information more.

Question 5

Social Comparison

Answer 5

Evaluating your abilities and opinions by comparing yourself to others.

Question 6

Individualism

Answer 6

The concept of giving priority to one’s own goals over group goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications.

Question 7

Independent Self

Answer 7

Construing one’s identity as an autonomous self.

Question 8

Interdependent Self

Answer 8

Construing one’s self identity in relation to others.

Question 9

Collectivism

Answer 9

Giving priority to the goals of one’s groups and defining one’s identity accordingly.

Question 10

Collectivism vs Individualism:

1. Different situations
2. Social comparisons
3. Conflict

Answer 10

1. C: malleable (context specific) vs I: stable across situations
2. C: Compare downward to boost self-esteem vs I: Compare upward to motivate
3. C: Conflict between groups vs. I: Individual conflict

Question 11

Affective Forecasting

Answer 11

Predicting intensity and duration of future emotions.

Question 12

Impact Bias

Answer 12

Overestimating the enduring impact of emotion-causing events.

Question 13

Dual Attitudes

Answer 13

Differing implicit (automatic) and explicit (conscious) attitudes toward the same object.

Question 14

Self-Esteem

Answer 14

A person’s overall self-evaluation or sense of self-worth.

Question 15

Narcissism

Answer 15

Increased self-esteem without caring for others.

Aggressive.

Question 16

Self-Efficacy

Answer 16

A sense that one is competent and effective. Constantly linked to success (unlike self-esteem).

Question 17

Self-Serving Bias

Answer 17

The tendency to perceive yourself favourably.

Question 18

Self-Serving Attributions

Answer 18

A form of self-serving bias - tendency to attribute positive outcomes to yourself, and negative outcomes to other factors.

Question 19

Defensive Pessimism

Answer 19

The adaptive value of anticipating problems and harnessing one’s anxiety to motivate effective action.

Question 20

False Consensus Effect

Answer 20

The tendency to overestimate the commonality of one’s opinions and one’s undesirable or unsuccessful behaviours.

Question 21

False Uniqueness Effect

Answer 21

The tendency to underestimate the commonality of one’s abilities and one’s desirable or successful behaviours.

Question 22

Temporal Comparison

Answer 22

Comparisons between how the self is viewed now and how the self was viewed in the past or how the self is expected to be viewed in the future. (creating sense of improvement).

Question 23

Self-Handicapping

Answer 23

Protecting one’s self-image with behaviours that create a handy excuse for later failure.

Question 24

Self-Presentation

Answer 24

The act of expressing yourself and behaving in ways designed to create a favourable impression or an impression that corresponds to your ideals.

Question 25

Self-Monitoring

Answer 25

Being attuned to the way you present yourself in social situations and adjusting your performance to create a desired impression.

Question 26

Learned Helplessness

Answer 26

The hopelessness and resignation learned when a human or animal perceives no control over repeated bad events.

Question 27

Too many choices:

Answer 27

Provide less satisfaction, increase regret, exhaustion.

Question 28

Looking Glass Self

Answer 28

Revising how we think about ourselves based on what you think others think of you.

Question 29

Immune Neglect

Answer 29

Underestimating speed and strength of the psychological immune system.

Question 30

Self Determination

Answer 30

Each person’s ability to make decisions.

Allows people to feel they have control over their choices and life.