Week 2 Flashcards
Spotlight Effect
The belief that others are paying more attention to our appearance than they really are.
Illusion of Transparency
The illusion that our concealed emotions leak out and can be easily read by others.
Self-Concept
How a person answers the question: “Who am I?”
Provides a glimpse of their self-concept.
Self-Schemas
Beliefs about self that organize and guide the processing of self-relavent information.
Ex: athletic - notice peoples bodies & sports related information more.
Social Comparison
Evaluating your abilities and opinions by comparing yourself to others.
Individualism
The concept of giving priority to one’s own goals over group goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications.
Independent Self
Construing one’s identity as an autonomous self.
Interdependent Self
Construing one’s self identity in relation to others.
Collectivism
Giving priority to the goals of one’s groups and defining one’s identity accordingly.
Collectivism vs Individualism:
- Different situations
- Social comparisons
- Conflict
- C: malleable (context specific) vs I: stable across situations
- C: Compare downward to boost self-esteem vs I: Compare upward to motivate
- C: Conflict between groups vs. I: Individual conflict
Affective Forecasting
Predicting intensity and duration of future emotions.
Impact Bias
Overestimating the enduring impact of emotion-causing events.
Dual Attitudes
Differing implicit (automatic) and explicit (conscious) attitudes toward the same object.
Self-Esteem
A person’s overall self-evaluation or sense of self-worth.
Narcissism
Increased self-esteem without caring for others.
Aggressive.
Self-Efficacy
A sense that one is competent and effective. Constantly linked to success (unlike self-esteem).
Self-Serving Bias
The tendency to perceive yourself favourably.
Self-Serving Attributions
A form of self-serving bias - tendency to attribute positive outcomes to yourself, and negative outcomes to other factors.
Defensive Pessimism
The adaptive value of anticipating problems and harnessing one’s anxiety to motivate effective action.
False Consensus Effect
The tendency to overestimate the commonality of one’s opinions and one’s undesirable or unsuccessful behaviours.
False Uniqueness Effect
The tendency to underestimate the commonality of one’s abilities and one’s desirable or successful behaviours.
Temporal Comparison
Comparisons between how the self is viewed now and how the self was viewed in the past or how the self is expected to be viewed in the future. (creating sense of improvement).
Self-Handicapping
Protecting one’s self-image with behaviours that create a handy excuse for later failure.
Self-Presentation
The act of expressing yourself and behaving in ways designed to create a favourable impression or an impression that corresponds to your ideals.
Self-Monitoring
Being attuned to the way you present yourself in social situations and adjusting your performance to create a desired impression.
Learned Helplessness
The hopelessness and resignation learned when a human or animal perceives no control over repeated bad events.
Too many choices:
Provide less satisfaction, increase regret, exhaustion.
Looking Glass Self
Revising how we think about ourselves based on what you think others think of you.
Immune Neglect
Underestimating speed and strength of the psychological immune system.
Self Determination
Each person’s ability to make decisions.
Allows people to feel they have control over their choices and life.
