Week 1

Question 1

Correlational Research

Answer 1

The study of the naturally occurring relationship among variables

Question 2

Culture

Answer 2

The enduring behaviours, ideas, attitudes, traditions, products, and institutions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next

Question 3

Demand Characteristics

Answer 3

Cues in an experiment that tell the participant what behaviour is expected

Question 4

Dependent Variable

Answer 4

The variable being measured - may depend on manipulation of independent

Question 5

Experimental Realism

Answer 5

Degree to which an experiment absorbs and involves participants

Question 6

Experimental Research

Answer 6

Studies that seek clues to cause-effect relationships by manipulating one or more factors while controlling others

Question 7

Hypotheses

Answer 7

Testable propositions that describe relationships that may exist between events

Question 8

Field Research

Answer 8

Natural, real-life settings outside of lab

Question 9

Hindsight Bias

Answer 9

The tendency to overexaggerate after learning an outcome, one’s ability to have foreseen how something turned out

Question 10

Independent Variables

Answer 10

Experimental factors that a researcher manipulates

Question 11

Informed Consent

Answer 11

An ethical principle requiring that research participants be told enough to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate

Question 12

Mundane Realism

Answer 12

Degree to which an experiment is superficially similar to everyday situations

Question 13

Naturalistic Fallacy

Answer 13

The error of defining what is good in terms of what is observable

Question 14

Observational Research Method

Answer 14

Where individuals are observed in natural settings, often without awareness, in order to provide opportunity for objective analysis of behaviour

Question 15

Random Assignment

Answer 15

The process of assigning participants to the conditions of an experiment such that all persons have the same chance of being in given condition

Question 16

Random Sample

Answer 16

Survey procedure in which every person in the population being studied has equal chance of inclusion n

Question 17

Social Neuroscience

Answer 17

An integration of biological and social perspectives that explores the neural and psychological bases of social and emotional behaviours

Question 18

Social Psychology

Answer 18

The scientific study of how people think about, influence, an relate to one another

Question 19

Social Representative

Answer 19

Socially shared beliefs; widely held ideas and values including our assumptions and cultural ideologies.

Question 20

Theory

Answer 20

An integrated set of principles that explain and predict observed events

Question 21

What are the major themes of social psychology

Answer 21

1. we construct our own social reality
2. our social institutions are powerful but perilous
3. social influences shape our behaviours
4. personal attitudes and dispositions also shape behaviour
5. social behaviour is biologically rooted
6. relating to others is a basic need
7. principles are applicable in everyday life

Question 22

Where do values play a role in psychology

Answer 22

forming concepts
labelling
naturalistic fallacy

Question 23

Is social psychology common sense

Answer 23

We invoke common sense after we know the facts
hindsight bias
Easily think we know and knew more than we do or did

Question 24

What does a good theory include

Answer 24

effectively summarizes many observations
makes clear predictions that we can use to confirm/modify theory, generate new exploration, suggest practical application

Question 25

What are four potential biasing influences

Answer 25

1. unrepresentative samples
2. order of questions
3. response bias and social desirability
4. wording of question

Question 26

Ethical experimentation includes:

Answer 26

informed consent, truthfulness, protection, confidentiality, debriefing (and of deceit)