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BDS3 BAMS Anatomy > Week 8 > Flashcards

Week 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the anterior belly of digastric

A

§ The anterior belly comes upwards and forwards and it attaches to the mandible at the digastric fossa on the inferior border of the mandible beneath the chin
§ It inserts into the digastric tendon

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2
Q

What is the nerve supply of the anterior belly of digastric

A

§ It receives its motor supply from the mandibular division of the mylohyoid branch of the trigeminal nerve

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3
Q

Describe the posterior belly of digastric

A

Arises from the mastoid/digastric notch immediately behind the mastoid process of the temporal bone
Innervated by the digastric branch of the facial nerve

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4
Q

What is the central tendon gel down to

A

held down to the hyoid bone by fascia that the central tendon runs through, like a tunnel

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5
Q

What is the action of the digastric muscle

A

is involved in maintaining the stability of the hyoid bone and it helps to raise the hyoid bone and the base of the tongue, its primary function is to assist in depressing and retracting the mandible

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6
Q

What happens when the digastric muscle contracts

A

it moves the central tendon and the hyoid bone comes up with it but if the hyoid bone is fixed in place by the other muscles that are attached to it then the digastric can help open the jaw so depends on what other muscles are contracting

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7
Q

What does the stylohyoid arise from

A

styloid process and inserts into the hyoid bone

Near its insertion it splits to envelope the digastric tendon

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8
Q

What is the stylohyoid supplied by

A

Supplied by digastric branch of the facial nerve

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9
Q

What is the action of stylohyoid

A

It elevates and draws the hyoid bone backwards and therefore the floor of the mouth and the base of the tongue

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10
Q

What is the supra hyoid musculature

A

○ The digastric and stylohyoid muscles can be classified with the mylohyoid, geniohyoid, hyoglossus and genioglossus muscles as the suprahyoid musculature

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11
Q

Where does mylohyoid arise from

A

○ Its fibres run backwards and slightly downwards
○ The anterior fibres of the muscle interdigitate with the corresponding fibers on the opposite side to form a median raphe

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12
Q

What is mylohyoid supplied by

A

Supplied by nerve to mylohyoid (mandibular division of CN5)

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13
Q

What is the action of mylohyoid

A

○ It raises the floor of the mouth during the first stages of swallowing and it also helps to depress the mandible when the hyoid bone is fixed and conversely it aids in elevation of the hyoid bone

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14
Q

Where do the submandibular lymph nodes go

A

between the mandible and mylohyoid muscle

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15
Q

Describe the course of hypoglossal nerve

A

○ Comes around the lateral side of the two carotid arteries
○ Seen a little bit above the digastric and stylohyoid
It disappears deep to the submandibular gland and makes its way to the tongue via the floor of the mouth to supply the muscles

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16
Q

What is the occipital artery

A

○ Comes off external carotid to supply the posterior region of the head

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17
Q

What is the facial artery

A

○ Branches of the external carotid

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18
Q

Where is the facial artery

A

○ The facial artery enters the face infront of the masseter muscle

○ It is deep to zygomatic and risorius muscles but superficial to the buccinator and the elvator anguli oris msucles
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19
Q

Why is the facial artery twisted

A

○ It is said the twisting of the facial artery is so that you can open and close your mandible but maintain a good blood supply to the face

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20
Q

What is the facial vein

A

○ The facial vein will also be seen in the view and it will head to the internal jugular

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21
Q

Where is the lingual artery

A

○ Has a groovy course, it is deep to the submandibular gland and it heads to the tongue

22
Q

Describe the superficial part of the SM salivary gland

A

§ Around the size of the walnut
§ Related to the facial artery, the facial vein and the cervical branch of the facial nerve, the mylohyoid nerve and the submandibular lymph nodes
§ Facial artery passes on the upper surface producing a groove
§ Sits in the submandibular fossa which is on the internal surface of the mandible below the mylohyoid line

23
Q

Describe the deep part of the SM salivary gland

A

§ Wrapped around the free edge of the mylohyoid

§ Submandibular duct comes from the deep part

24
Q

Describe the SL salivary gland

A

○ The sublingual gland produces a distinct ridge under the tongue called the sublingual fold
○ Lies adjacent to the sublingual fossa

25
Q

How does the SL salivary gland release its saliva

A

○ It does not have a single main salivary duct but many small ducts instead and the ducts may unite to form a larger duct which either joins the submandibular duct or drains directly into the floor of the mouth at the sublingual papillae

26
Q

Describe the SM salivary duct

A

§ The duct opens right next to the frenulum of the tongue in what is called the sublingual papilla
The duct is about 5cm long and it starts off with lots of little ducts inside the superficial and deep parts which drain towards the main duct which comes out of the deep part to run forward and uphill and opens at the sublingual papilla

27
Q

What is the lingual nerve derived from

A

the posterior trunk of the mandibular nerve within the infratemporal fossa
○ It receives the chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve beneath the lateral pterygoid muscle

	○ At the level of the nerve it lies on the medial pterygoid muscle and is anterior to the inferior alveolar nerve
28
Q

Where does the lingual nerve leave

A

the infratemporal fossa, passing downwards and forward to the lingual alveolar plate of the mandibular third molar tooth

	○ Before curving forwards into the tongue, the nerve is found above the origin of the mylohyoid muscle and lateral to the hyoglossus muscle 

	○ On the superficial surface of the hyoglossus muscle, the lingual nerve twists around the submandibular salivary duct and branches into the tongue
29
Q

What is the nerve supply for gland secretion

A

○ The parasympathetic nervous system makes the glands secrete
○ There is a branch of the facial nerve which carries preganglionic fibres called chorda tympani which joins the lingual nerve
○ These fibres that make the gland secrete travel from the brainstem as part of the facial nerve and then leave the facial nerve
○ The chorda tympani joins the lingual nerve in the infratemporal fossa
○ The preganglionic parasympathetic fibres come as far down as the submandibular ganglion (swelling in the lingual nerve) and it is here these fibres synapse with the cell bodies in the ganglion
○ If you follow the lingual nerve down you will see it give post ganglionic parasympathetic fibres to the sublingual & submandibular salivary glands

30
Q

Describe the hypoglossal nerve

A

○ It is close to where the submandibular gland is lying
○ It passes under the posterior belly of digastric, outwards between the internal jugular vein and internal carotid and runs forward across the external and internal carotid artery and loops around the occipital artery near its origin
○ Continuing forwards, it passes below the submandibular salivary gland, onto the hyoglossus muscle to be distributed to the muscles of the tongue

31
Q

Describe hyoglossus

A

○ Runs from the hyoid bone and inserts into the side of the tongue
○ Rectangular shape
○ It depresses the tongue

32
Q

Describe genioglossus

A

○ Originates from the superior genial tubercle (mental spine) on the medial surface of the body of the mandible
○ Fans out into the tongue
○ The two muscles come up to the midline
○ Passes deep to the hyoglossus
○ Protrudes the tongue - moves it towards the mandible

33
Q

Describe styloglossus

A

○ Originates from tip of the styloid process of the temporal bone
○ Passes downwards and forwards to insert into the tongue
○ It blends with the hyoglossus
○ If the right and left contract it will pull the tongue upwards and backwards which is needed for the early stages of swallowing

34
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

longitudinal
transverse
vertical

35
Q

What do the longitudinal muscles do

A

shorten the tongue, pulling tip back

36
Q

What do the transverse muscles do

A

§ Produces rolling effect (pulling the sides in)

37
Q

What does the vertical muscles do

A

make the tongue go thin and flat

38
Q

What is palatoglossus

A

○ NOT AN EXTRINSIC MUSCLE
○ Small muscle that with the overlying mucosa forms the palatoglossal arch
○ Arises from the palatine aponeurosis, midway down the soft palate where it is continuous with its fellow
○ It extends downwards, forwards and laterally where some fibres continue and pass deep into the tongue
○ Pulls soft palate down towards the tongue to shut the oral cavity from the oropharynx

39
Q

What is palatoglossus supplied by

A

○ Supplied by vagus nerve

40
Q

Describe the submental

A

○ In the soft tissues of the chin
○ Drain a small region - the tip of the tongue and mucosa of the mouth as well as the soft tissues around the lower lips and gums

41
Q

What do the submental nodes drain from and to

A 
○ FROM ANATOMY TV - it drains from 
			§ Anterior part of floor of the mouth 
			§ Central part of lower lip
			§ Tip of tongue
			§ Anterior triangle of the neck 
		○ FROM ANATOMY TV - drains into 
			§ Superior deep cervical group 
Submandibular nodes
42
Q

Where are the submandibular nodes found

A

○ Embedded in the soft tissue in the medial side of the mylohyoid muscle in front of the submandibular salivary glands
○ There is a line drawn from the angle of the eye to the angle of the mandible and generally speaking it drains the face in front of that line
○ It receives lymph from most of the oral cavity
○ The paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity drain into the submandibular nodes

43
Q

What do the submandibular nodes drain from and to

A 
○ FROM ANATOMY TV - it drains
			§ Submental nodes
			§ Oral cavity
			§ Tongue
			§ Skin of the nose, central forehead and medial eyelids 
			§ Anterior nasal cavity 
			§ Anterior cheeks
			§ Upper lip 
			§ Lateral parts of lower lip 
		○ FROM ANATOMY TV - drains into 
			§ Superior deep cervical nodes
			§ Inferior deep cervical nodes
44
Q

What do the parotid nodes drain from and to

A

○ Drain superficial structures on the other side of the imaginary lines and the side of the head and the ear
○ FROM ANATOMY TV - drains from (superficial node)
§ Lateral forehead
§ Temporal region
§ Superior auricle
§ Anterior wall of the external acoustic meatus
§ Lateral eyelids
§ Skin of zygomatic region
○ FROM ANATOMY TV - drains into (superficial node)
§ Superior deep cervical nodes

45
Q

What do the occipital nodes drain from and to

A

○ FROM ANATOMY TV - drain from
§ Posterior part of scalp
○ FROM ANATOMY TV - drains into
Superior deep cervical lymph nodes

46
Q

What do the deep cervical nodes drain from and to

A 
○ FROM ANATOMY TV - drains from 
			§ Posterior scalp 
			§ Superficial pectoral region 
			§ Tongue 
			§ Superior deep cervical lymph nodes
47
Q

Where are the deep cervical nodes found

A

○ Along the line of the internal jugular vein
○ Important because it receives lymph from superficial nodes and deep areas of the head including posterior part of the tongue - these give lymph straight to these nodes
○ The oropharynx and nasopharynx also give lymph directly to these nodes
○ The middle ear inside the temporal bone gives lymph straight to these nodes
○ It also receives lymph from structures in the neck such as thyroid gland and larynx

48
Q

What does the jugulodigastric node drain

A

the palatine tonsil

49
Q

What does the jugulo-omohyoid node drain

A

lingual tonsil

50
Q

What do the supraclavicular node drain

A

○ May be enlarged due to pathology in the head and neck further up
○ May also be enlarged due to pathology in the chest or upper abdomen
○ Notorious site for spread of malignant change

BDS3 BAMS Anatomy (12 decks)

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