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BDS3 BAMS Anatomy > Week 3 > Flashcards

Week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the frontalis muscle

A

○ Thin and wide muscle located on the forehead

○ It raises the eyebrows & wrinkles the skin of the forehead

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2
Q

What pharyngeal arch do the facial expression muscles come from

A

second

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3
Q

What is the frontalis attached to

A

○ It goes from the dermis of the forehead and runs into a flattened tendon called the epicranial aponeurosis

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4
Q

What are the 3 parts of the orbicularis oculi

A

orbital
palpebral
lacrimal

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5
Q

Describe the orbital part of the orbicularis oculi

A

□ Largest and extends onto the face some distance beyond the orbital rim

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6
Q

What does the orbital part of the orbicularis oculi do

A

□ Orbital part is involved in forced closure (screwing up) the eye

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7
Q

What do some of the fibres of the orbicularis oculi muscles insert into

A

□ Some of the fibres of the upper part of the orbicularis oculi muscle are inserted into the eyebrow and have been termed the depressor supercilii muscle i.e depressing the eyebrow

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8
Q

What does the palpable part of the orbicularis oculi do

A

□ Central part, confined to the eyelids

□ Palpable part involved in closing eyelids without effort i.e involuntary blinking

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9
Q

What is the lacrimal part of the orbicularis oculi for

A

□ Dilates the lacrimal sac and so aids the flow of tears into the sac

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10
Q

Where is the procerus muscle seen

A

around the bridge of the nose - arises from the nasal bone and fibres insert into skin overlying nose

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11
Q

What is the procerus muscle for

A

○ When they contract they draw the ends of the brows together
Done in bright lights or when concentrating

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12
Q

Where is the orbicularis oris seen

A

Surrounds the opening of the mouth

○ Has 4 components to it: pars marginalis, pars peripheralis (superior/inferior)

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13
Q

What is the function of the orbicularis oculi

A

○ Surrounds the opening of the mouth
○ Keeps lips sealed when drinking or when speaking
Involved in closure, protrusion and pursing of the lips

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14
Q

What is the Lelevator labii superiorus seen

A

○ Arises from the maxilla

○ Deep to orbicularis oris

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15
Q

Where does the Levator labii superiorus seen

A

○ Arises from maxilla at inferior margin of the orbit

Inserts into skin overlying the upper lip and some of the fibres marge with the orbicularis oris

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16
Q

What is the primary action of the Levator labii superiorus seen

A

is to elevate the upper lip

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17
Q

Where is the depressor labii inferiorus muscle

A

○ Arises from mandible in front of mental foramen and inserts by converging with orbicularis oris muscle in the lower lip

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18
Q

What is the function of depressor labii inferiorus muscle

A

○ It depresses the lower lip and draws it laterally

The muscle is associated with the expression of irony

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19
Q

Where is the levator anguli oris seen

A

○ Arises from maxilla immediately below infraorbital foramen
○ Inserts into angle of the mouth

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20
Q

What is the primary action of the levator anguli oris

A

○ Elevates the corner of the mouth

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21
Q

What does the depressor anguli oris arise from

A

○ Arises from external oblique line of the mandible
○ Fibres pass upwards to the corner of the mouth where it is partly inserted here and partly into the orbicularis oris in the upper lip

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22
Q

What is the function of depressor anguli oris

A

Depresses the corner of the mouth and is said to be associated with the expression of grief

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23
Q

Where is the zygomaticus major seen

A

○ Takes origin from zygomatic bone

○ Passes down to corner of the mouth where it ‘mingles’ with orbicularis oris

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24
Q

What is the function of zygomaticus major

A

Pulls the corners of the mouth upwards and outwards as in laughing

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25
Q

Where is zygomaticus minor seen

A

○ Originates from zygomatic bone

○ Inserts into upper lip

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26
Q

What is the function of zygomaticus minor

A

○ Elevates the upper lip

○ With other facial muscles it produces the expression of distain

27
Q

Where is the risorius muscle seen

A

○ Poorly developed
○ Does not arise from bone but originates from the connective tissue overlying the parotid gland
○ Runs horizontally and inserts into corner of the mouth
○ Sometimes indistinguishable from the facial portion of the platysma muscle

28
Q

What is the function of the risorius muscle

A

○ Pulls the corner of the mouth laterally as in grinning

29
Q

Where is the levator labii superiorus alaeque nasi seen

A

○ Originates from frontal process of maxilla

	○ Inserts into greater alar cartilage of the nose and onto the skin over it
30
Q

What is the function of levator labii superiorus alaeque nasi

A

○ Elevates the upper lip and dilates the nostrils

31
Q

What is platysma

A

○ Muscle of facial expression

32
Q

What does platysma appear as

A

○ Appears as a thin broad sheet running up the front of the neck

33
Q

What is the function of platysma

A

○ Wrinkles the skin of the neck in an oblique direction and draws down the lower lip and angle of the mouth as well as slightly depressing the mandible
○ Muscle is also said to be active in deep sudden inspiration

34
Q

Where is the buccinator seen

A

○ Deep

○ Forms musculature of cheek

35
Q

Where does the buccinator originate and insert

A

○ Originates from pterygomandibular raphe and also it is attached to the alveolar margins of the maxilla and mandible in the region of the posterior teeth
Inserts into orbicularis oris muscle where they form the deep layer of this muscle

36
Q

What is the function of the buccinator

A

○ Maintains bolus of food between the molar teeth

○ Involved in sucking and in expelling air forcibly such as whistling or playing a wind instrument

37
Q

Where is the parotid gland seen

A

○ Occupies the region between the ramus of the mandible and the mastoid process

38
Q

What is the parotid gland surrounded by

A

fascia - swelling of the gland can be painful as the overlying fascia doesn’t expand with the swelling so pressure rises in the gland

39
Q

What are the parotid lymph nodes

A

○ There are a few lymph nodes on the surface of embedded in the parotid gland called parotid lymph nodes

40
Q

What does the parotid duct cross

A

masseter

41
Q

What is the course of the parotid duct

A

○ Once it reaches the anterior border of the masseter it takes a sharp turn to pierce the buccinator muscle and then travels to the mucous membrane of the mouth
○ It opens upon the oral surface of the cheek by a small orifice opposite the second upper molar tooth

42
Q

What may be seen mid way across the parotid duct

A

○ Mid way there may be an accessory parotid part which doesn’t do much

43
Q

Where does the masseter originate and insert

A

○ Originate from the zygomatic arch and inserts into the lateral surface of the angle, ramus and coronoid process of the mandible

44
Q

What is the function of the masseter

A

○ The masseter muscle elevates the mandible

45
Q

What is the superficial temporal artery

A

§ Emerges from superior surface of the parotid gland
Supplies frontal and parietal parts of the scalp, parotid gland, temporalis, external lower part of ear and orbicularis ocul

46
Q

What is the superficial temporal vein

A

§ Enters parotid gland to unite with maxillary vein to form the retromandibular vein

47
Q

Where is the facial nerve seen

A

comes out the base of the skull
goes into the parotid salivary gland
branches in the parotid gland

48
Q

What are the branches of the facial nerve

A 
temporal
zygomatic
buccal
marginal mandibular
cervical
49
Q

Describe the temporal branches

A

Leave superior surface of the gland and cross the zygomatic arch to reach the forehead
Supply auricular muscles, frontalis and part of orbicularis oculi

50
Q

Describe the zygomatic branches

A

2 of them

upper and lower branch

51
Q

Describe the upper branch fo the zygomatic branch

A

passes into orbit to supply frontalis and orbicularis oculi

52
Q

Describe the lower branch fo the zygomatic branch

A

§ Lower branch passes below orbit to supply lower part of orbicularis oculi and contribute to innervation of muscles in upper lip and nose

53
Q

When may the zygomatic branches be damaged

A

in fracture of zygomatic bone

54
Q

Describe the buccal branches

A

more than one branch
upper branch
lower branch

55
Q

What is the upper buccal branch

A

provides zygomaticus major and Levator labii superioris with innervation.
innervates levator labii superioris alaeque nasi and the small nasal muscles

56
Q

What is the lower buccal branch

A

supplies buccinator and orbicularis oris muscles

57
Q

What is the marginal mandibular branch

A

Emerges from lower border of parotid and runs near the inferior border of the mandible but at the anterior border of the masseter muscle it crosses back onto the face and its function is to supply the muscles of the lower lip

58
Q

What is the cervical branch

A

Passes downwards from the lower border of the parotid gland to supply the platysma muscle in the neck

59
Q

When does the facial vein start and go

A

○ Starts at the angle of the eye and goes straight down the face, deep to the nerves and it leaves the face just in front of the masseter muscle and as it goes down it receives tributaries from the face

60
Q

What does the facial vein join

A

○ Makes its way down the neck to join the internal jugular vein

61
Q

Where does the facial artery emerge from

A

○ Emerges from the external carotid artery in the neck and appears on the external surface of the mandible on the anterior border of the masseter

62
Q

Why is the facial artery so twisted

A

some say this is to allow the mandible to move but still maintain its blood supply

63
Q

What does the facial artery give a branch to

A

Gives a big branch to the upper lip - superior and inferior labial branch

64
Q

Describe the labial branches of the facial artery

A

It anastomoses with its opposite side and the mental branch of the inferior alveolar artery before supplying the inferior labial glands, surrounding musculature and the mucous membranes

BDS3 BAMS Anatomy (12 decks)

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