Week 8

Question 1

what are the four levels of organismal complexity?

Answer 1

protoplasmic, cellular, tissue and organ system

Question 2

what is the phylum porifera

Answer 2

sponges!

Question 3

The porifera skeleton is made up of _______-

Answer 3

spicules

Question 4

what are asconoids

Answer 4

flagellated spongocoels

Question 5

what are choanocytes

Answer 5

in all sponges, cells with flagella that help make a water current to pull water in

Question 6

what are syconoids

Answer 6

wall contains folded back choanocyte lined canals, spongocoel lined with epithelial cells

Question 7

what are leuconoids

Answer 7

clusters of flagellated chambers, no spongocoels, have many exits

Question 8

what are the support cells in sponges

Answer 8

choanocytes, pinacocytes and archaeocytes

Question 9

what are pinacocytes

Answer 9

can open or close of the surface and can control gas exchange, flow of water, etc

Question 10

what are archaeocytes

Answer 10

can transport particles around the sponge, food to other cells, help make up the skeleton

Question 11

what are collencytes

Answer 11

secrete collagen, make web like structure within cytoplasm, create skeletal sort of structure

Question 12

how do sponges reproduce asexually

Answer 12

by fragmentation or budding

Question 13

how do sponges reproduce sexually

Answer 13

internal and external fertilization, produces free swimming larva

Question 14

T or F: most sponges monoecious

Answer 14

T

Question 15

what are the three classes of sponges

Answer 15

calcarea, hexactinellida and demospongiae

Question 16

what is the class homocleromorpha

Answer 16

originally thought to be part of demospongiae, grows on rocks

Question 17

what is class calcarea

Answer 17

have straight spicules, tend to be small

Question 18

what is class hexactinellida

Answer 18

usually six rayed, deep sea forms

Question 19

what is class demospongiae

Answer 19

80 percent of all spongiae, wide variety of types

Question 20

what are the four characteristics echnioderms have that no other phylum does

Answer 20

1-endoskeleton of ossicles
2-water vascular system
3-pedicelariae
4-pentaradial symmetry

Question 21

ossicles are plates made out of _____

Answer 21

calcium

Question 22

how does the water vascular system work

Answer 22

water comes in through pore, flows through radial canal an through tube feet in order to cause movement

Question 23

what are pedicellaria

Answer 23

jaw-like pincers on the surface, like forceps, some capture food particles, others for protection, keep animal clean

Question 24

pentaradial symmetry has __ lines of symmetry

Answer 24

5

Question 25

what is class asteroidea

Answer 25

sea stars

Question 26

T or F: class asteroidea is capable of regenerating

Answer 26

T

Question 27

what is class ophiruoidea

Answer 27

brittle stars

Question 28

T or F: brittle stars’ tube feet lack suckers

Answer 28

T

Question 29

what is class echinoidea

Answer 29

sea urchins and sand dollars

Question 30

sea urchins have ___ symmetry

Answer 30

radial

Question 31

sand dollars have ___ symmetry

Answer 31

bilateral

Question 32

what is the class holothuroidea

Answer 32

sea cucumbers

Question 33

what is the class crinoidea

Answer 33

sea lillies and feather stars

Question 34

what is the difference between sea lillies and feather stars

Answer 34

sea lillies are anchored, whereas feather stars have arms and are freemoving

Question 35

what is the synapomorphy between homalozoa and other echnioderms

Answer 35

water vascular system

Question 36

what is the synapomorphy between helicoplacoidea and other echnioderns

Answer 36

pentaradial symmetry

Question 37

what is the synapomorphy betweeen crinoidea and other echnioderms

Answer 37

madreporite on aboral surface

Question 38

what is the synapomorphy between asteroidea and other classes

Answer 38

closed ambularcral grooves

Question 39

what are some characteristics of the phylum hemichordata

Answer 39

gill slits, dorsal nerve cord, no notochord or postanal tail,

Question 40

what are two synapomorphies of echniodermata and other deurterostomes

Answer 40

dorsal hollow nerve cord and pharyngeral gill slits

Question 41

what are three synapomorphies of other deuterostomes and chordates

Answer 41

notochord, postanal taiol, and endostyle

Question 42

what are the four deuterostome traits

Answer 42

enterocoel, mesoderm derived from archenteron, mouth not derived from blastopore, coelom tripartite