Week 10 Flashcards
once you pass 30 degrees north or south, why are there no coral reefs?
calcification levels decrease
amounts of co2 in the water affect the ____ and ___ ______
pH, aragonite saturation
__ percent of incoming energy is radiated back into space, rest is absorbed
30
name some greenhouse gasses
co2, methane, nitrous oxide
what three things do the amount of solar radiation depend on
eccentricity, axial tilt and precession
what is eccentricity
amount of orbit differs from a perfect circle
what is precession
orientation of the rotational axis of a rotating body
how does pH get lowered by co2 absorption in the ocean
co2 reacts with water to form carbonic acid, the converted into bicarbonate, releasing H+ which therefore lower pH
lower pH means less ___ _____ in the water
free hydrogen
free hydrogen in the water convets _____ into _____
carbonate into bicarbonate
why do we need carbonate in the water?
so organisms like corals can create their carbonae skeletons
coral bleaching is highly likely if sea temperature reaches ___C over the long term summer max
1
what are some difficulties with corals adapting to changes
long generation times therefore slow rates of evolution, may be at the cost of genetic diversity
exceeding ___ppm will result in coral beaching on an annual basis
450
what are some primitive bilatera characteristics
bilateral symmetry, anterior/posterior axis, coelom, metamerism, cephalization
what is enterocoely
outpocketing of the mesoderm
what are the five derived chrodate characteristics
Notochord, dorsal nerve cord, pharangeal pouches/slits, postanal tail and endostyle/thyroid gland
in the dorsal nerve cord, is the anterior or posterior end enlarged?
anterior
in more complex organisms, the dorsal nerve cord runs through _____ _____
neural arches
what are some characteristics of the notochord
first part of endoskeleton, stiffens body axis, permits movement without shortening
what is the difference ebtween pharyngeal pouches and slits
water can flow through slits, pouches are pockets on the inside that do not go out
T or F: sometiems pharyngeal slits evolve into gills
T
what is the postanal tail for
mobility and balance
what is the endostyle
like the thyroid in less complex organsims, secres mucous
what are sephalochordata
marine burrowing, simple, pull in water through the mouth and through pharangeal slits
what is the subphylum urochordata
sessile marine adults, sea squirts!
T or F: sea squirts are the only animal that is made of cellulose
T
what does craniata mean
skull encovering the brain, also has cartilage or bony endoskeleton
