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BI488- Invertebrate Conservation > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Where did animal life begin?

A

Water

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2
Q

How long ago did the first animals arise

A

about 570 million years ago

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3
Q

Many animal phyla originated during the ____ explosion

A

cambrian

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4
Q

The beginning of animal life originated from a single ____

A

protist

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5
Q

what are the nine major phyla we are studying (invertebrates)

A

Chordates, Echinoderms, Arthropods, Roundworms, Annelids, Mollusks, Flatworms, Cnidarians and Sponges :-)

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6
Q

What makes the split between sponges and the other clade>

A

Sponges have no true tissues

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7
Q

where is the second branching point between true tissues in the taxonomic tree

A

radial symmetry versus bilateral symmetry

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8
Q

radial symmetry has ___ germ layers whereas bilateral symmetry has ___ germ layers

A

two, three

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9
Q

Which phyla has radial symmetry?

A

Cnidarians

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10
Q

Three germ layers contains the _____, _____ and the _____

A

endoderm, ectoderm and the mesoderm

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11
Q

In all phyla except for sponges, the embryonic ball of cells called a _____ folds in on itself, forming a _____

A

blastula, gastrula

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12
Q

what distinguishes the third branching point in the phylogenetic tree

A

embryonic development

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13
Q

If the first indention of the gastrula develops into the mouth, the organism is a _______

A

protostome

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14
Q

If the first indention of the gastrula develops into the anus, the organism is a _______

A

deuterostome

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15
Q

What is a difference between Ecdysozoans and Lophotrochozoans?

A

Ecdysozoans shed their exoskeleton, Lophotrochozoans have a feeding structure called a lopophore

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16
Q

T or F: A bilaterally symmetrical animal can have a coelom, pseudocoelom or no coelom

A

T

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17
Q

what is a pseudocoelom

A

a ““false” coelom

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18
Q

what is a coelom

A

empty space or cavity that is covered by organs, helps us able to flex and bend

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19
Q

what is an incomplete digestive tract

A

the mouth both takes in food and ejects wastes

20
Q

what is the term for repeated segments

A

metamerism

21
Q

T or F: natural selection can act on segments separately in animals with segmented bodies

A

T, which leads to different species like crabs and lobsters

22
Q

what are some advantages of segmented bodies

A

more flexible, have more potential for developing specialized body parts

23
Q

What is the phylum Porifera

A

SPONGES!! :)

24
Q

what are some characteristics of sponges

A

filter feeders: draw water through pores
collar cells with flagellum help sponges flow water inside
cephalization
asymmetrical

25
Q

what is cephalization

A

has a distinct head

26
Q

what is the pylum cnidaria

A

jellyfish, hydra, coral (all contain stinging cells)

27
Q

what are some characteristics of cnidaria

A

cnidocytes are released in order to sting prey

incomplete digestion

28
Q

what is the phylum flatworms

A

planiarns, flukes and tapeworms

29
Q

what are some characteristics of flatworms

A

bilateral symmetry, when present digestive system incomplete

30
Q

what is the phylum mollusca

A

snails, scallops and squids

31
Q

what are some characteristics of mollusks

A

bilateral symmetry, contain a radula, a tongue with small hooks that scrapes and helps grind off algae

32
Q

what is hte phylum annelida

A

earthworms, leeches and polychaetes

33
Q

what are some characteristics of annelids

A

bilateral symmetry, complete digestive tract

34
Q

what is a polycaete

A

saltwater organism

35
Q

what is the phylum nematoda

A

roundworms

36
Q

what are some characteristics of menatodes

A

unsegmented worms, tight external epidermis, cannot grow without molting

37
Q

what is the phylum arthropoda

A

trilobites, chelicerates, crustaceans and insects

38
Q

what are some charateristcs of arthropods

A

exoskeleton must molt, jointed appendages, specialized mouthparts

39
Q

what is the class triloita

A

extinct marine arthropods

40
Q

what does the subphylum chelicerata include

A

horseshoe crabs, ticks, spiders and scorpions

41
Q

what is the subphylum myriapoda

A

millipedes and centipedes

42
Q

what is the difference between millipedes and centipedes

A

millipedes are herbivores, centipedes are carnivoes

43
Q

what is under the subphylum crustacea

A

crabs shrimp and lobsters

44
Q

what is under the subphylum hexapoda

A

insects

45
Q

T or F: hexapoda account for most arthropod diversity

A

T

46
Q

what is the pylum echniodermata

A

sand dollars, sea stars, brittle stars and sea urchins

47
Q

what are some characteristics of the phylum echniodermata

A

spiny skin, complete digestive system, starfish is pentaradial (seven)

BI488- Invertebrate Conservation (10 decks)

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