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BI488- Invertebrate Conservation > Week 7 > Flashcards

Week 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Coral reefs are home to __ of all ocean species

A

1/4

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2
Q

Coral reefs cover less than ___% of the oceans bottom

A

0.1

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3
Q

coral reefs are made up of coral ______

A

skeletons

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4
Q

what are corals

A

colonies of small animals embedded in calcium carbonate challs

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5
Q

The head of a coral is made up of individual animals called _____

A

polyps

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6
Q

Polyps contain a microscopic algae known as ______

A

zooxanthellae

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7
Q

what is the relationship between zooxanthellae and corals

A

mutualistic, zoo produce glucose and amino acids, corals produce CO2 and provide shelter

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8
Q

what is a blind stomach

A

waste goes in the same way it comes out; incomplete digestion

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9
Q

what is a fringing reef

A

grows seaward directly from the shore of a volcanic island

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10
Q

what is a barrier reef

A

fringing reef that is separated from the land by water

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11
Q

what is an atoll

A

fringing reef that continues to grow upward from a volcanic island that sinks below sea level

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12
Q

what are the specialized cells in cidaria

A

cnidocytes

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13
Q

what is the stinging organelle in cnidocytes

A

nemadocyst

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14
Q

T or F: most cnidarians are sessile

A

T

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15
Q

Phylum cnidaria have what symmetry?

A

radial or biradial

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16
Q

how many germ layers do cnidarians have

A

2

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17
Q

T or F: cnidarians are triploblastic

A

F: diploblastic

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18
Q

what are the two body types of cnidarians

A

free swimming medusae and sessile polyps

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19
Q

what are the four classes of cnidarians

A

Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa,cubozoa and anthozoa

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20
Q

what is a difference between anthozoa and other cnidaria

A

hexa or octaradial

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21
Q

how to polyps reproduct

A

asexually by budding, fission or pedal laceration

22
Q

how do polyps attach to substratum

A

pedal disc

23
Q

T or F: some polyps may take on different roles in the same colony

A

T

24
Q

gastrozooid polyps are for:

A

feeding

25
Q

dactylzooid polyps are for

A

defense

26
Q

how to hydra move

A

by gliding on their pedal disc aided by mucous secretions

27
Q

T or F: some cnidarians do not have both the polyp and medusae life cycle

A

T

28
Q

Anemonies and corals only produce ______

A

polyps

29
Q

what jellyfish have a polyp stage

A

true jellyfish (scyphozoa)

30
Q

Medusae reproduce _______-

A

sexually

31
Q

T or F: medusae are dioecious

A

T

32
Q

what is an operculum

A

lid that protects the nematocyst

33
Q

what is the mechanism of nematocyst discharge

A

operculum opens and launches fimalent, barbs inject poison into prey

34
Q

T or F: hydra have both polyp and medusa forms

A

T

35
Q

T or F: clas Staurozoa do not have a medusa stage

A

T

36
Q

T or F: Staurozoa reproduce asexually

A

F

37
Q

In class cubozoa, what form is dominant?

A

medusa :-)

38
Q

what is the velarium

A

extra extension at the bottom of the bell, helps for streamlining or control expelling water

39
Q

T or F: class anthozoa lack a polyp stage

A

F: lack a medusa stage

40
Q

what are some examples of class anthozoa

A

anemonies, stony and soft corals

41
Q

what is the subclass hexacoralia

A

stony corals

42
Q

what is the subclass octocoralia

A

soft corals

43
Q

stony corals have _-fold symmetry whereas soft corals have __-fold symmetry

A

6, 8

44
Q

what are ctenophores

A

in phylum ctenophora; eight rows of comb like plates of cilia used of locomotion

45
Q

what symmetry do phylum ctenophores have

A

biradial!

46
Q

phylum ctenophores lack ______ which is why they are not classified as cnidarai

A

nematocyst

47
Q

phylum ctenophores exhibit ________

A

bioilluminescence

48
Q

the coral triangle contains ____ percent of worlds coral speces

A

76%

49
Q

what is reticulate evolution

A

describes the origination of a lineage through the partial merging of two ancestor lineages

50
Q

what is an important concern on the coral triange

A

ocean acidification, becasue pH affects calcification

BI488- Invertebrate Conservation (10 decks)

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