Week 7 Flashcards
Coral reefs are home to __ of all ocean species
1/4
Coral reefs cover less than ___% of the oceans bottom
0.1
coral reefs are made up of coral ______
skeletons
what are corals
colonies of small animals embedded in calcium carbonate challs
The head of a coral is made up of individual animals called _____
polyps
Polyps contain a microscopic algae known as ______
zooxanthellae
what is the relationship between zooxanthellae and corals
mutualistic, zoo produce glucose and amino acids, corals produce CO2 and provide shelter
what is a blind stomach
waste goes in the same way it comes out; incomplete digestion
what is a fringing reef
grows seaward directly from the shore of a volcanic island
what is a barrier reef
fringing reef that is separated from the land by water
what is an atoll
fringing reef that continues to grow upward from a volcanic island that sinks below sea level
what are the specialized cells in cidaria
cnidocytes
what is the stinging organelle in cnidocytes
nemadocyst
T or F: most cnidarians are sessile
T
Phylum cnidaria have what symmetry?
radial or biradial
how many germ layers do cnidarians have
2
T or F: cnidarians are triploblastic
F: diploblastic
what are the two body types of cnidarians
free swimming medusae and sessile polyps
what are the four classes of cnidarians
Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa,cubozoa and anthozoa
what is a difference between anthozoa and other cnidaria
hexa or octaradial
how to polyps reproduct
asexually by budding, fission or pedal laceration
how do polyps attach to substratum
pedal disc
T or F: some polyps may take on different roles in the same colony
T
gastrozooid polyps are for:
feeding
dactylzooid polyps are for
defense
how to hydra move
by gliding on their pedal disc aided by mucous secretions
T or F: some cnidarians do not have both the polyp and medusae life cycle
T
Anemonies and corals only produce ______
polyps
what jellyfish have a polyp stage
true jellyfish (scyphozoa)
Medusae reproduce _______-
sexually
T or F: medusae are dioecious
T
what is an operculum
lid that protects the nematocyst
what is the mechanism of nematocyst discharge
operculum opens and launches fimalent, barbs inject poison into prey
T or F: hydra have both polyp and medusa forms
T
T or F: clas Staurozoa do not have a medusa stage
T
T or F: Staurozoa reproduce asexually
F
In class cubozoa, what form is dominant?
medusa :-)
what is the velarium
extra extension at the bottom of the bell, helps for streamlining or control expelling water
T or F: class anthozoa lack a polyp stage
F: lack a medusa stage
what are some examples of class anthozoa
anemonies, stony and soft corals
what is the subclass hexacoralia
stony corals
what is the subclass octocoralia
soft corals
stony corals have _-fold symmetry whereas soft corals have __-fold symmetry
6, 8
what are ctenophores
in phylum ctenophora; eight rows of comb like plates of cilia used of locomotion
what symmetry do phylum ctenophores have
biradial!
phylum ctenophores lack ______ which is why they are not classified as cnidarai
nematocyst
phylum ctenophores exhibit ________
bioilluminescence
the coral triangle contains ____ percent of worlds coral speces
76%
what is reticulate evolution
describes the origination of a lineage through the partial merging of two ancestor lineages
what is an important concern on the coral triange
ocean acidification, becasue pH affects calcification
