Week 8 Flashcards
The elbow joint is a complex joint that involves three articulations collectively known as the ___
The elbow joint is a complex joint that involves three articulations collectively known as the cubital articulation
What are the 3 joints that form the cubital articulation?
Humeroulnar, humeroradial and proximal radioulnar
What type of joint is the humeroulnar and humeroradial joint?
Hinge joints
What type of joint is the proximal radioulnar joint?
Pivot joint.
What movement do hinge joints allow?
Flexion and extension
What movement do pivot joints allow?
Pronation and supination
The humeroradial articulation is between the ___ and the ___
The humeroradial articulation is between the capitulum and the head of the radius
The humeroulnar articulation is between the ___ and the ___
The humeroulnar articulation is between the trochlear of the humerus and the trochlear notch of the ulna
The proximal radioulnar articulation is between the ___ and the ___
The proximal radioulnar articulation is between the head of the radius and the radial notch of the ulnar
ABD and ADD of the elbow joint is limited by the __
ABD and ADD of the elbow joint is limited by the medial and lateral lip of the trochlear
What are the ligament of the elbow?
- Radial/ lateral collateral ligament
- Ulnar/medial collateral ligament
- Annular ligament
What does the annular ligament do?
Binds the head of the radius to the ulnar
___ ligament is divided into 3 parts, anterior, posterior, and
intermediate
Ulnar ligament is divided into 3 parts, anterior, posterior, and
intermediate
The bands of the ulnar ligament extends from the __ to the ___ and ___
The bands of the ulnar ligament extends from the medial epicondyle to the coronoid and olecranon processes of the ulnar
Which band of the ulnar ligament is the strongest and which is the weakest?
The anterior band is the strongest, posterior is the weakest
What does the oblique/intermediate band of the ulnar collateral ligament do?
Deepens the socket for the trochlea of the humerus
___ ligament goes from the coronoid process of the ulnar to the olecranon of the ulnar, hence it doesn’t articulate with any other bone
Oblique/ intermediate band of the ulnar collateral ligament goes from the coronoid process of the ulnar to the olecranon of the ulnar, hence it doesn’t articulate with any other bone
The oblique/ intermediate band of the ulnar ligament is also known as the ___
The oblique/ intermediate band of the ulnar ligament is also known as the Cooper’s Ligament
The radial ligament extends from the ___ to the ___
The radial ligament extends from the lateral epicondyle to the annular ligament
What is the annular ligament?
A thickening of the capsule of the proximal radioulnar joint which encircles and holds the head of the radius in the
radial notch of the ulna.
What movement does the annular ligament allow?
Allows for pronation and supination without dislocation.
The internal surface of the annular ligament has ___
The internal surface of the annular ligament has articular cartilage lining it
The ___ ligament goes from the lateral epicondyle to the ulna
The lateral ulnar ligament goes from the lateral epicondyle to the ulna
What is the deepest muscle that covers the lateral collateral ligament and the annular ligament?
Supinator muscle
What are the superficial muscle sthat covers the lateral collateral ligament and the annular ligament?
- Extensor carpi radialis longus
- Extensor carpi radialis brevis
- Extensor digitorum communis
- Extensor digiti minimi
- Extensor carpi ulnaris
- Anconeus
What makes up the cubital tunnel?
The ulnar collateral ligament and the flexor carpi ulnaris
What passes through the cubital tunnel?
The ulnar nerve
How can the head of the radius be disrupted?
If you pull on the arm of young kids too hard or often
What is the nurse maid’s elbow?
The subluxation of the radial head from the annular ligament that occurs as a result of the constant pulling of the arm
Where is the Subcutaneous olecranon bursa?
Between the skin and olecranon
Where is the Subtendinous olecranon bursa?
Between the triceps tendon and olecranon
Where is the Intratendinous olecranon bursa?
Sometimes present in the tendon of the triceps brachii
Where is the Radioulnar bursa?
Between extensor digitorum, radiohumeral joint and the
supinator muscle
Where is the Bicipitoradial bursa?
Lies between the biceps tendon and the anterior part
of the radial tuberosity
What is the blood supply of the elbow joint?
Anastomosis around the joint
What is the nerve supply of the elbow joint?
Musculocutaneous, radial, and ulnar nerves
Full flexion of the elbow is limited by ___
Full flexion of the elbow is limited by muscle bulk on the anterior arm and the coronoid process
What is the normal carrying angle in males?
5-10 deg
What is the normal carrying angle in females?
10- 15 deg
What is excessive cubitus valgus?
The forearm is angled too far away from the body. Anything above 15 deg
What is cubitus varus?
The forearm is angled too close to the body. Anything below 5 deg
____ is often referred to as the gunstock deformity
Cubitus varus is often referred to as the gunstock deformity
___ can be referred to as the middle radioulnar joint
The interosseus membrane between the radius and ulnar can be referred to as the middle radioulnar joint
The proximal, distal and middle radioulnar joints all work together to provide ____
The proximal, distal and middle radioulnar joints all work together to provide stability, mobility, and loa transfer
The proximal radioulnar joint is between the __
The proximal radioulnar joint is between the head of the radius articulates with the radial notch of the ulna.
The radius is held in place by the strong ___
The radius is held in place by the strong annular ligament
The annular ligament is lined with a ___
The annular ligament is lined with a synovial membrane
What is the function of the lining of the annular ligament?
Decrease friction buildup and prevent disruption of the capsule.
What movements occur at the proximal radioulnar joint?
The head of the radius rotates within the annular ring
created by the ligament
What does the movement of the proximal radioulnar joint allow?
The rotation allows for supination and pronation of
the hand.
What is the blood supply of the proximal radioulnar joint?
Anterior and posterior
interosseous arteries
What is the innervation of the proximal radioulnar joint?
Musculocutaneous, median, and radial nerves.
What does the oblique cord of the interosseus membrane do?
Help to provide some sling stability. Provides support to stop the head of the radius from moving below the ulnar when carrying something heavy
What kind of joint is the distal radioulnar joint?
Pivot joint
In the distal radioulnar joint, the ___ moves around the
relatively fixed distal end of the ___.
In the distal radioulnar joint, the radius moves around the
relatively fixed distal end of the ulna.
There is a fibrocartilaginous ___, which binds the radius to the ulna and is sometimes referred to as the “___” (TFCC) in the distal radioulnar joint
There is a fibrocartilaginous articular disc, which binds the radius to the ulna and is
sometimes referred to as the “Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex” (TFCC) in the distal radioulnar joint
What is the blood supply of the distal radioulnar joint?
Anterior and posterior interosseous arteries
What is the nerve supply of the distal radioulnar joint?
Anterior and posterior interosseous nerves
The anterior interosseus nerve that innervates the distal radioulnar joint is from the ___, while the posterior interosseus nerve is from the ___
The anterior interosseus nerve that innervates the distal radioulnar joint is from the ulnar nerve, while the posterior interosseus nerve is from the radial nerve
The TFCC consist of ___
The TFCC consist of superficial and deeper fibers called the radioulnar fibers(come from the radius and attach to the ulnar)
On what side are the radioulnar fibers?
On the dorsal side
The discarpal ligaments goes from the __
The discarpal ligaments goes from the disc of the TFCC to the lunate and triquetrum
What is the articular disc of the TFCC responsible for?
Transferring load from the medial car… to the pole of the distal ulnar
The vascularized and peripheral raduioulnar ligament are nourished by the ___
The vascularized and peripheral raduioulnar ligament are nourished by the dorsal and palmar branches of the posterior interosseus artery
The vascularized and peripheral raduioulnar ligament are responsible for ___
The vascularized and peripheral raduioulnar ligament are responsible for guarding the radiocarpal unit around the sit of the ulnar
Extensor carpi ulnaris provides ___
Extensor carpi ulnaris provides some support more laterally for the radiocarpal joint
The TFCC separates the ___ from the ___
The TFCC separates the head of the ulna from the radiocarpal joint
What type of joint is the radiocarpal joint?
Condyloid synovial joint
The radiocarpal jointallows what type of movement and in what plane?
- Flexion and extension, sagittal plane
- ADD and ABD (radial and ulnar deviation) frontal plane
___ surrounds the radiocarpal joint
A fibrous capsule surrounds the radiocarpal joint
Where does the radiocarpal joint attach?
The distal end of the radius and ulna and the proximal row of carpel bones.
The radiocarpal joint is lined with ___
The radiocarpal joint is lined with a synovial membrane
The palmar radiocarpal ligament extends from the __ to the ___
The palmar radiocarpal ligament extends from the radius to the two rows of carpal bones
What is the function of the palmar radiocarpal ligament?
Support the radiocarpal joint and direct the hand to follow the radius during supination of the forearm.
Where is the dorsal radiocarpal ligament found?
On the dorsal surface
What is the function of the dorsal radiocarpal ligament?
Support the radiocarpal joint and direct the hand to follow the radius during supination of the forearm.
Where is the ulnar collateral ligament attached?
The ulnar styloid process
Where does the ulnar collateral ligament extend to?
The Triquetrum
What does the ulnar collateral ligament do?
Strengthens the medial aspect of the capsule.
Where is the radial collateral ligament attached?
The radial styloid process and the scaphoid strengthening the lateral aspect of the joint capsule.
The articular disc of the distal radioulnar joint (TFCC) intervenes between the __ and ___
The articular disc of the distal radioulnar joint (TFCC)
intervenes between the *head of the ulna and the carpals. *
What is the blood supply of the radiocarpal joint?
Dorsal and palmar arches
What is the nerve supply of the radiocarpal joint?
Anterior interosseous nerve, posterior interosseous nerve, and the ulnar nerve
What makes up the radiocarpal joint?
Radius, scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum and the articular disc
What separates the ulnar from the radiocarpal joint?
The articular disc (TFCC)
What happens if there’s an injury to the articular disc (TFCC) in the wrist?
The fluid from one joint can move to the other
What is the degree of the ulnar tilt/ ulnar deviation?
25 deg
We have more ___ deviation than we have __ deviation
We have more ulnar deviation than we have radial deviation
We have more ___ of the wrist than we have __
We have more flexion of the wrist than we have extension
The kinematics of the radiocarpal joint in the sagittal plane motion is best appreciated by seeing the wrist as an articulated ___
The kinematics of the radiocarpal joint in the sagittal plane motion is best appreciated by seeing the wrist as an articulated central column
What bone are involved in the kinematics of the sagittal plane motion of the radiocarpal joint?
Scaphoid, lunate, capitate and 3rd metacarpal
The kinematics of the sagittal plane motion is formed by linkages between what?
- Distal radius
- Lunate
- Capitate
- 3rd metacarpal
The kinematics of frontal plane motion of the radiocarpal joint occurs through ___
The kinematics of frontal plane motion of the radiocarpal joint occurs through * synchronous
convex-on-concave rotations at both radiocarpal and midcarpal joints*
There is movement of what bones during ulnar deviation?
Triquetrum, lunate and scaphoid and some movement between the capitate, lunate and scaphoid
What is the main function of the TFCC?
To separate joint cavities of the radiocarpal and distal
radioulnar joints
What kind of bone is the pisiform?
Sesamoid
How many degrees of freedom does a condyloid joint allow?
2 deg
What types of joints are CMC 2-5 and what are they made for?
Plane joints that are made for stability and have minimal motion
What types of joints are CMC 1 and what are they made for?
Saddle joint
What type of joints are the metacarpal phalangeal joints 2-5?
Condyloid
What movements are available at the metacarpal phalangeal joints 2-5?
Flexion and extension
ABD and ADD
What type of joints is the metacarpal phalangeal joint 1?
Hinge
What movements are available at the metacarpal phalangeal joints 1?
Flexion and extension
What type of joints are the IP joints and what do they do?
- Hinge
- Flexion/ extension
The head of the radius articulates with the radial fossa in ____
The head of the radius articulates with the radial fossa in full elbow flexion
Which carpal bone has proximal and distal poles?
The scaphoid
What is the direction of movement of the carpals during radial deviation?
Carpals roll laterally and slide medially
What is the direction of movement of the carpals during ulnar deviation?
Carpals roll medially and slide laterally
What is the most fractured carpal bone?
Scaphoid
Which carpal bone is the most subject to avascular necrosis?
Scaphoid
