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Anatomy 2 > Week 8 > Flashcards

Week 8 Flashcards

1
Q

The elbow joint is a complex joint that involves three articulations collectively known as the ___

A

The elbow joint is a complex joint that involves three articulations collectively known as the cubital articulation

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2
Q

What are the 3 joints that form the cubital articulation?

A

Humeroulnar, humeroradial and proximal radioulnar

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3
Q

What type of joint is the humeroulnar and humeroradial joint?

A

Hinge joints

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4
Q

What type of joint is the proximal radioulnar joint?

A

Pivot joint.

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5
Q

What movement do hinge joints allow?

A

Flexion and extension

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6
Q

What movement do pivot joints allow?

A

Pronation and supination

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7
Q

The humeroradial articulation is between the ___ and the ___

A

The humeroradial articulation is between the capitulum and the head of the radius

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8
Q

The humeroulnar articulation is between the ___ and the ___

A

The humeroulnar articulation is between the trochlear of the humerus and the trochlear notch of the ulna

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9
Q

The proximal radioulnar articulation is between the ___ and the ___

A

The proximal radioulnar articulation is between the head of the radius and the radial notch of the ulnar

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10
Q

ABD and ADD of the elbow joint is limited by the __

A

ABD and ADD of the elbow joint is limited by the medial and lateral lip of the trochlear

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11
Q

What are the ligament of the elbow?

A
  • Radial/ lateral collateral ligament
  • Ulnar/medial collateral ligament
  • Annular ligament
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12
Q

What does the annular ligament do?

A

Binds the head of the radius to the ulnar

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13
Q

___ ligament is divided into 3 parts, anterior, posterior, and
intermediate

A

Ulnar ligament is divided into 3 parts, anterior, posterior, and
intermediate

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14
Q

The bands of the ulnar ligament extends from the __ to the ___ and ___

A

The bands of the ulnar ligament extends from the medial epicondyle to the coronoid and olecranon processes of the ulnar

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15
Q

Which band of the ulnar ligament is the strongest and which is the weakest?

A

The anterior band is the strongest, posterior is the weakest

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16
Q

What does the oblique/intermediate band of the ulnar collateral ligament do?

A

Deepens the socket for the trochlea of the humerus

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17
Q

___ ligament goes from the coronoid process of the ulnar to the olecranon of the ulnar, hence it doesn’t articulate with any other bone

A

Oblique/ intermediate band of the ulnar collateral ligament goes from the coronoid process of the ulnar to the olecranon of the ulnar, hence it doesn’t articulate with any other bone

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18
Q

The oblique/ intermediate band of the ulnar ligament is also known as the ___

A

The oblique/ intermediate band of the ulnar ligament is also known as the Cooper’s Ligament

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19
Q

The radial ligament extends from the ___ to the ___

A

The radial ligament extends from the lateral epicondyle to the annular ligament

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20
Q

What is the annular ligament?

A

A thickening of the capsule of the proximal radioulnar joint which encircles and holds the head of the radius in the
radial notch of the ulna.

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21
Q

What movement does the annular ligament allow?

A

Allows for pronation and supination without dislocation.

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22
Q

The internal surface of the annular ligament has ___

A

The internal surface of the annular ligament has articular cartilage lining it

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23
Q

The ___ ligament goes from the lateral epicondyle to the ulna

A

The lateral ulnar ligament goes from the lateral epicondyle to the ulna

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24
Q

What is the deepest muscle that covers the lateral collateral ligament and the annular ligament?

A

Supinator muscle

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25
Q

What are the superficial muscle sthat covers the lateral collateral ligament and the annular ligament?

A
  • Extensor carpi radialis longus
  • Extensor carpi radialis brevis
  • Extensor digitorum communis
  • Extensor digiti minimi
  • Extensor carpi ulnaris
  • Anconeus
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26
Q

What makes up the cubital tunnel?

A

The ulnar collateral ligament and the flexor carpi ulnaris

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27
Q

What passes through the cubital tunnel?

A

The ulnar nerve

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28
Q

How can the head of the radius be disrupted?

A

If you pull on the arm of young kids too hard or often

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29
Q

What is the nurse maid’s elbow?

A

The subluxation of the radial head from the annular ligament that occurs as a result of the constant pulling of the arm

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30
Q

Where is the Subcutaneous olecranon bursa?

A

Between the skin and olecranon

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31
Q

Where is the Subtendinous olecranon bursa?

A

Between the triceps tendon and olecranon

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32
Q

Where is the Intratendinous olecranon bursa?

A

Sometimes present in the tendon of the triceps brachii

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33
Q

Where is the Radioulnar bursa?

A

Between extensor digitorum, radiohumeral joint and the

supinator muscle

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34
Q

Where is the Bicipitoradial bursa?

A

Lies between the biceps tendon and the anterior part

of the radial tuberosity

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35
Q

What is the blood supply of the elbow joint?

A

Anastomosis around the joint

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36
Q

What is the nerve supply of the elbow joint?

A

Musculocutaneous, radial, and ulnar nerves

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37
Q

Full flexion of the elbow is limited by ___

A

Full flexion of the elbow is limited by muscle bulk on the anterior arm and the coronoid process

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38
Q

What is the normal carrying angle in males?

A

5-10 deg

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39
Q

What is the normal carrying angle in females?

A

10- 15 deg

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40
Q

What is excessive cubitus valgus?

A

The forearm is angled too far away from the body. Anything above 15 deg

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41
Q

What is cubitus varus?

A

The forearm is angled too close to the body. Anything below 5 deg

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42
Q

____ is often referred to as the gunstock deformity

A

Cubitus varus is often referred to as the gunstock deformity

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43
Q

___ can be referred to as the middle radioulnar joint

A

The interosseus membrane between the radius and ulnar can be referred to as the middle radioulnar joint

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44
Q

The proximal, distal and middle radioulnar joints all work together to provide ____

A

The proximal, distal and middle radioulnar joints all work together to provide stability, mobility, and loa transfer

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45
Q

The proximal radioulnar joint is between the __

A

The proximal radioulnar joint is between the head of the radius articulates with the radial notch of the ulna.

46
Q

The radius is held in place by the strong ___

A

The radius is held in place by the strong annular ligament

47
Q

The annular ligament is lined with a ___

A

The annular ligament is lined with a synovial membrane

48
Q

What is the function of the lining of the annular ligament?

A

Decrease friction buildup and prevent disruption of the capsule.

49
Q

What movements occur at the proximal radioulnar joint?

A

The head of the radius rotates within the annular ring

created by the ligament

50
Q

What does the movement of the proximal radioulnar joint allow?

A

The rotation allows for supination and pronation of

the hand.

51
Q

What is the blood supply of the proximal radioulnar joint?

A

Anterior and posterior

interosseous arteries

52
Q

What is the innervation of the proximal radioulnar joint?

A

Musculocutaneous, median, and radial nerves.

53
Q

What does the oblique cord of the interosseus membrane do?

A

Help to provide some sling stability. Provides support to stop the head of the radius from moving below the ulnar when carrying something heavy

54
Q

What kind of joint is the distal radioulnar joint?

A

Pivot joint

55
Q

In the distal radioulnar joint, the ___ moves around the

relatively fixed distal end of the ___.

A

In the distal radioulnar joint, the radius moves around the
relatively fixed distal end of the ulna.

56
Q

There is a fibrocartilaginous ___, which binds the radius to the ulna and is sometimes referred to as the “___” (TFCC) in the distal radioulnar joint

A

There is a fibrocartilaginous articular disc, which binds the radius to the ulna and is
sometimes referred to as the “Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex” (TFCC) in the distal radioulnar joint

57
Q

What is the blood supply of the distal radioulnar joint?

A

Anterior and posterior interosseous arteries

58
Q

What is the nerve supply of the distal radioulnar joint?

A

Anterior and posterior interosseous nerves

59
Q

The anterior interosseus nerve that innervates the distal radioulnar joint is from the ___, while the posterior interosseus nerve is from the ___

A

The anterior interosseus nerve that innervates the distal radioulnar joint is from the ulnar nerve, while the posterior interosseus nerve is from the radial nerve

60
Q

The TFCC consist of ___

A

The TFCC consist of superficial and deeper fibers called the radioulnar fibers(come from the radius and attach to the ulnar)

61
Q

On what side are the radioulnar fibers?

A

On the dorsal side

62
Q

The discarpal ligaments goes from the __

A

The discarpal ligaments goes from the disc of the TFCC to the lunate and triquetrum

63
Q

What is the articular disc of the TFCC responsible for?

A

Transferring load from the medial car… to the pole of the distal ulnar

64
Q

The vascularized and peripheral raduioulnar ligament are nourished by the ___

A

The vascularized and peripheral raduioulnar ligament are nourished by the dorsal and palmar branches of the posterior interosseus artery

65
Q

The vascularized and peripheral raduioulnar ligament are responsible for ___

A

The vascularized and peripheral raduioulnar ligament are responsible for guarding the radiocarpal unit around the sit of the ulnar

66
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris provides ___

A

Extensor carpi ulnaris provides some support more laterally for the radiocarpal joint

67
Q

The TFCC separates the ___ from the ___

A

The TFCC separates the head of the ulna from the radiocarpal joint

68
Q

What type of joint is the radiocarpal joint?

A

Condyloid synovial joint

69
Q

The radiocarpal jointallows what type of movement and in what plane?

A
  • Flexion and extension, sagittal plane

- ADD and ABD (radial and ulnar deviation) frontal plane

70
Q

___ surrounds the radiocarpal joint

A

A fibrous capsule surrounds the radiocarpal joint

71
Q

Where does the radiocarpal joint attach?

A

The distal end of the radius and ulna and the proximal row of carpel bones.

72
Q

The radiocarpal joint is lined with ___

A

The radiocarpal joint is lined with a synovial membrane

73
Q

The palmar radiocarpal ligament extends from the __ to the ___

A

The palmar radiocarpal ligament extends from the radius to the two rows of carpal bones

74
Q

What is the function of the palmar radiocarpal ligament?

A

Support the radiocarpal joint and direct the hand to follow the radius during supination of the forearm.

75
Q

Where is the dorsal radiocarpal ligament found?

A

On the dorsal surface

76
Q

What is the function of the dorsal radiocarpal ligament?

A

Support the radiocarpal joint and direct the hand to follow the radius during supination of the forearm.

77
Q

Where is the ulnar collateral ligament attached?

A

The ulnar styloid process

78
Q

Where does the ulnar collateral ligament extend to?

A

The Triquetrum

79
Q

What does the ulnar collateral ligament do?

A

Strengthens the medial aspect of the capsule.

80
Q

Where is the radial collateral ligament attached?

A

The radial styloid process and the scaphoid strengthening the lateral aspect of the joint capsule.

81
Q

The articular disc of the distal radioulnar joint (TFCC) intervenes between the __ and ___

A

The articular disc of the distal radioulnar joint (TFCC)

intervenes between the *head of the ulna and the carpals. *

82
Q

What is the blood supply of the radiocarpal joint?

A

Dorsal and palmar arches

83
Q

What is the nerve supply of the radiocarpal joint?

A

Anterior interosseous nerve, posterior interosseous nerve, and the ulnar nerve

84
Q

What makes up the radiocarpal joint?

A

Radius, scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum and the articular disc

85
Q

What separates the ulnar from the radiocarpal joint?

A

The articular disc (TFCC)

86
Q

What happens if there’s an injury to the articular disc (TFCC) in the wrist?

A

The fluid from one joint can move to the other

87
Q

What is the degree of the ulnar tilt/ ulnar deviation?

A

25 deg

88
Q

We have more ___ deviation than we have __ deviation

A

We have more ulnar deviation than we have radial deviation

89
Q

We have more ___ of the wrist than we have __

A

We have more flexion of the wrist than we have extension

90
Q

The kinematics of the radiocarpal joint in the sagittal plane motion is best appreciated by seeing the wrist as an articulated ___

A

The kinematics of the radiocarpal joint in the sagittal plane motion is best appreciated by seeing the wrist as an articulated central column

91
Q

What bone are involved in the kinematics of the sagittal plane motion of the radiocarpal joint?

A

Scaphoid, lunate, capitate and 3rd metacarpal

92
Q

The kinematics of the sagittal plane motion is formed by linkages between what?

A
  • Distal radius
  • Lunate
  • Capitate
  • 3rd metacarpal
93
Q

The kinematics of frontal plane motion of the radiocarpal joint occurs through ___

A

The kinematics of frontal plane motion of the radiocarpal joint occurs through * synchronous
convex-on-concave rotations at both radiocarpal and midcarpal joints*

94
Q

There is movement of what bones during ulnar deviation?

A

Triquetrum, lunate and scaphoid and some movement between the capitate, lunate and scaphoid

95
Q

What is the main function of the TFCC?

A

To separate joint cavities of the radiocarpal and distal

radioulnar joints

96
Q

What kind of bone is the pisiform?

A

Sesamoid

97
Q

How many degrees of freedom does a condyloid joint allow?

A

2 deg

98
Q

What types of joints are CMC 2-5 and what are they made for?

A

Plane joints that are made for stability and have minimal motion

99
Q

What types of joints are CMC 1 and what are they made for?

A

Saddle joint

100
Q

What type of joints are the metacarpal phalangeal joints 2-5?

A

Condyloid

101
Q

What movements are available at the metacarpal phalangeal joints 2-5?

A

Flexion and extension

ABD and ADD

102
Q

What type of joints is the metacarpal phalangeal joint 1?

A

Hinge

103
Q

What movements are available at the metacarpal phalangeal joints 1?

A

Flexion and extension

104
Q

What type of joints are the IP joints and what do they do?

A
  • Hinge

- Flexion/ extension

105
Q

The head of the radius articulates with the radial fossa in ____

A

The head of the radius articulates with the radial fossa in full elbow flexion

106
Q

Which carpal bone has proximal and distal poles?

A

The scaphoid

107
Q

What is the direction of movement of the carpals during radial deviation?

A

Carpals roll laterally and slide medially

108
Q

What is the direction of movement of the carpals during ulnar deviation?

A

Carpals roll medially and slide laterally

109
Q

What is the most fractured carpal bone?

A

Scaphoid

110
Q

Which carpal bone is the most subject to avascular necrosis?

A

Scaphoid

Anatomy 2 (9 decks)

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