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Anatomy 2 > Week 8 > Flashcards

Week 8 Flashcards

1
Q

The elbow joint is a complex joint that involves three articulations collectively known as the ___

A

The elbow joint is a complex joint that involves three articulations collectively known as the cubital articulation

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2
Q

What are the 3 joints that form the cubital articulation?

A

Humeroulnar, humeroradial and proximal radioulnar

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3
Q

What type of joint is the humeroulnar and humeroradial joint?

A

Hinge joints

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4
Q

What type of joint is the proximal radioulnar joint?

A

Pivot joint.

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5
Q

What movement do hinge joints allow?

A

Flexion and extension

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6
Q

What movement do pivot joints allow?

A

Pronation and supination

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7
Q

The humeroradial articulation is between the ___ and the ___

A

The humeroradial articulation is between the capitulum and the head of the radius

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8
Q

The humeroulnar articulation is between the ___ and the ___

A

The humeroulnar articulation is between the trochlear of the humerus and the trochlear notch of the ulna

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9
Q

The proximal radioulnar articulation is between the ___ and the ___

A

The proximal radioulnar articulation is between the head of the radius and the radial notch of the ulnar

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10
Q

ABD and ADD of the elbow joint is limited by the __

A

ABD and ADD of the elbow joint is limited by the medial and lateral lip of the trochlear

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11
Q

What are the ligament of the elbow?

A
  • Radial/ lateral collateral ligament
  • Ulnar/medial collateral ligament
  • Annular ligament
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12
Q

What does the annular ligament do?

A

Binds the head of the radius to the ulnar

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13
Q

___ ligament is divided into 3 parts, anterior, posterior, and
intermediate

A

Ulnar ligament is divided into 3 parts, anterior, posterior, and
intermediate

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14
Q

The bands of the ulnar ligament extends from the __ to the ___ and ___

A

The bands of the ulnar ligament extends from the medial epicondyle to the coronoid and olecranon processes of the ulnar

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15
Q

Which band of the ulnar ligament is the strongest and which is the weakest?

A

The anterior band is the strongest, posterior is the weakest

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16
Q

What does the oblique/intermediate band of the ulnar collateral ligament do?

A

Deepens the socket for the trochlea of the humerus

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17
Q

___ ligament goes from the coronoid process of the ulnar to the olecranon of the ulnar, hence it doesn’t articulate with any other bone

A

Oblique/ intermediate band of the ulnar collateral ligament goes from the coronoid process of the ulnar to the olecranon of the ulnar, hence it doesn’t articulate with any other bone

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18
Q

The oblique/ intermediate band of the ulnar ligament is also known as the ___

A

The oblique/ intermediate band of the ulnar ligament is also known as the Cooper’s Ligament

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19
Q

The radial ligament extends from the ___ to the ___

A

The radial ligament extends from the lateral epicondyle to the annular ligament

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20
Q

What is the annular ligament?

A

A thickening of the capsule of the proximal radioulnar joint which encircles and holds the head of the radius in the
radial notch of the ulna.

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21
Q

What movement does the annular ligament allow?

A

Allows for pronation and supination without dislocation.

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22
Q

The internal surface of the annular ligament has ___

A

The internal surface of the annular ligament has articular cartilage lining it

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23
Q

The ___ ligament goes from the lateral epicondyle to the ulna

A

The lateral ulnar ligament goes from the lateral epicondyle to the ulna

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24
Q

What is the deepest muscle that covers the lateral collateral ligament and the annular ligament?

A

Supinator muscle

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25
What are the superficial muscle sthat covers the lateral collateral ligament and the annular ligament?
- Extensor carpi radialis longus - Extensor carpi radialis brevis - Extensor digitorum communis - Extensor digiti minimi - Extensor carpi ulnaris - Anconeus
26
What makes up the cubital tunnel?
The ulnar collateral ligament and the flexor carpi ulnaris
27
What passes through the cubital tunnel?
The ulnar nerve
28
How can the head of the radius be disrupted?
If you pull on the arm of young kids too hard or often
29
What is the nurse maid's elbow?
The subluxation of the radial head from the annular ligament that occurs as a result of the constant pulling of the arm
30
Where is the Subcutaneous olecranon bursa?
Between the skin and olecranon
31
Where is the Subtendinous olecranon bursa?
Between the triceps tendon and olecranon
32
Where is the Intratendinous olecranon bursa?
Sometimes present in the tendon of the triceps brachii
33
Where is the Radioulnar bursa?
Between extensor digitorum, radiohumeral joint and the | supinator muscle
34
Where is the Bicipitoradial bursa?
Lies between the biceps tendon and the anterior part | of the radial tuberosity
35
What is the blood supply of the elbow joint?
Anastomosis around the joint
36
What is the nerve supply of the elbow joint?
Musculocutaneous, radial, and ulnar nerves
37
Full flexion of the elbow is limited by ___
Full flexion of the elbow is limited by *muscle bulk on the anterior arm and the coronoid process*
38
What is the normal carrying angle in males?
5-10 deg
39
What is the normal carrying angle in females?
10- 15 deg
40
What is excessive cubitus valgus?
The forearm is angled too far away from the body. Anything above 15 deg
41
What is cubitus varus?
The forearm is angled too close to the body. Anything below 5 deg
42
____ is often referred to as the gunstock deformity
*Cubitus varus* is often referred to as the gunstock deformity
43
___ can be referred to as the middle radioulnar joint
*The interosseus membrane between the radius and ulnar* can be referred to as the middle radioulnar joint
44
The proximal, distal and middle radioulnar joints all work together to provide ____
The proximal, distal and middle radioulnar joints all work together to provide *stability, mobility, and loa transfer*
45
The proximal radioulnar joint is between the __
The proximal radioulnar joint is between the *head of the radius articulates with the radial notch of the ulna.*
46
The radius is held in place by the strong ___
The radius is held in place by the strong *annular ligament*
47
The annular ligament is lined with a ___
The annular ligament is lined with a *synovial membrane*
48
What is the function of the lining of the annular ligament?
Decrease friction buildup and prevent disruption of the capsule.
49
What movements occur at the proximal radioulnar joint?
The head of the radius rotates within the annular ring | created by the ligament
50
What does the movement of the proximal radioulnar joint allow?
The rotation allows for supination and pronation of | the hand.
51
What is the blood supply of the proximal radioulnar joint?
Anterior and posterior | interosseous arteries
52
What is the innervation of the proximal radioulnar joint?
Musculocutaneous, median, and radial nerves.
53
What does the oblique cord of the interosseus membrane do?
Help to provide some sling stability. Provides support to stop the head of the radius from moving below the ulnar when carrying something heavy
54
What kind of joint is the distal radioulnar joint?
Pivot joint
55
In the distal radioulnar joint, the ___ moves around the | relatively fixed distal end of the ___.
In the distal radioulnar joint, the *radius* moves around the relatively fixed distal end of the *ulna.*
56
There is a fibrocartilaginous ___, which binds the radius to the ulna and is sometimes referred to as the "___" (TFCC) in the distal radioulnar joint
There is a fibrocartilaginous *articular disc*, which binds the radius to the ulna and is sometimes referred to as the *"Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex"* (TFCC) in the distal radioulnar joint
57
What is the blood supply of the distal radioulnar joint?
Anterior and posterior interosseous arteries
58
What is the nerve supply of the distal radioulnar joint?
Anterior and posterior interosseous nerves
59
The anterior interosseus nerve that innervates the distal radioulnar joint is from the ___, while the posterior interosseus nerve is from the ___
The anterior interosseus nerve that innervates the distal radioulnar joint is from the *ulnar nerve*, while the posterior interosseus nerve is from the *radial nerve*
60
The TFCC consist of ___
The TFCC consist of *superficial and deeper fibers called the radioulnar fibers(come from the radius and attach to the ulnar)*
61
On what side are the radioulnar fibers?
On the dorsal side
62
The discarpal ligaments goes from the __
The discarpal ligaments goes from the *disc of the TFCC to the lunate and triquetrum*
63
What is the articular disc of the TFCC responsible for?
Transferring load from the medial car... to the pole of the distal ulnar
64
The vascularized and peripheral raduioulnar ligament are nourished by the ___
The vascularized and peripheral raduioulnar ligament are nourished by the *dorsal and palmar branches of the posterior interosseus artery*
65
The vascularized and peripheral raduioulnar ligament are responsible for ___
The vascularized and peripheral raduioulnar ligament are responsible for *guarding the radiocarpal unit around the sit of the ulnar*
66
Extensor carpi ulnaris provides ___
Extensor carpi ulnaris provides *some support more laterally for the radiocarpal joint*
67
The TFCC separates the ___ from the ___
The TFCC separates the *head of the ulna from the radiocarpal joint*
68
What type of joint is the radiocarpal joint?
Condyloid synovial joint
69
The radiocarpal jointallows what type of movement and in what plane?
- Flexion and extension, sagittal plane | - ADD and ABD (radial and ulnar deviation) frontal plane
70
___ surrounds the radiocarpal joint
*A fibrous capsule* surrounds the radiocarpal joint
71
Where does the radiocarpal joint attach?
The distal end of the radius and ulna and the proximal row of carpel bones.
72
The radiocarpal joint is lined with ___
The radiocarpal joint is lined with *a synovial membrane*
73
The palmar radiocarpal ligament extends from the __ to the ___
The palmar radiocarpal ligament extends *from the radius to the two rows of carpal bones*
74
What is the function of the palmar radiocarpal ligament?
Support the radiocarpal joint and direct the hand to follow the radius during supination of the forearm.
75
Where is the dorsal radiocarpal ligament found?
On the dorsal surface
76
What is the function of the dorsal radiocarpal ligament?
Support the radiocarpal joint and direct the hand to follow the radius during supination of the forearm.
77
Where is the ulnar collateral ligament attached?
The ulnar styloid process
78
Where does the ulnar collateral ligament extend to?
The Triquetrum
79
What does the ulnar collateral ligament do?
Strengthens the medial aspect of the capsule.
80
Where is the radial collateral ligament attached?
The radial styloid process and the scaphoid strengthening the lateral aspect of the joint capsule.
81
The articular disc of the distal radioulnar joint (TFCC) intervenes between the __ and ___
The articular disc of the distal radioulnar joint (TFCC) | intervenes between the *head of the ulna and the carpals. *
82
What is the blood supply of the radiocarpal joint?
Dorsal and palmar arches
83
What is the nerve supply of the radiocarpal joint?
Anterior interosseous nerve, posterior interosseous nerve, and the ulnar nerve
84
What makes up the radiocarpal joint?
Radius, scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum and the articular disc
85
What separates the ulnar from the radiocarpal joint?
The articular disc (TFCC)
86
What happens if there's an injury to the articular disc (TFCC) in the wrist?
The fluid from one joint can move to the other
87
What is the degree of the ulnar tilt/ ulnar deviation?
25 deg
88
We have more ___ deviation than we have __ deviation
We have more *ulnar* deviation than we have *radial* deviation
89
We have more ___ of the wrist than we have __
We have more *flexion* of the wrist than we have *extension*
90
The kinematics of the radiocarpal joint in the sagittal plane motion is best appreciated by seeing the wrist as an articulated ___
The kinematics of the radiocarpal joint in the sagittal plane motion is best appreciated by seeing the wrist as an articulated *central column*
91
What bone are involved in the kinematics of the sagittal plane motion of the radiocarpal joint?
Scaphoid, lunate, capitate and 3rd metacarpal
92
The kinematics of the sagittal plane motion is formed by linkages between what?
- Distal radius - Lunate - Capitate - 3rd metacarpal
93
The kinematics of frontal plane motion of the radiocarpal joint occurs through ___
The kinematics of frontal plane motion of the radiocarpal joint occurs through * synchronous convex-on-concave rotations at both radiocarpal and midcarpal joints*
94
There is movement of what bones during ulnar deviation?
Triquetrum, lunate and scaphoid and some movement between the capitate, lunate and scaphoid
95
What is the main function of the TFCC?
To separate joint cavities of the radiocarpal and distal | radioulnar joints
96
What kind of bone is the pisiform?
Sesamoid
97
How many degrees of freedom does a condyloid joint allow?
2 deg
98
What types of joints are CMC 2-5 and what are they made for?
Plane joints that are made for stability and have minimal motion
99
What types of joints are CMC 1 and what are they made for?
Saddle joint
100
What type of joints are the metacarpal phalangeal joints 2-5?
Condyloid
101
What movements are available at the metacarpal phalangeal joints 2-5?
Flexion and extension | ABD and ADD
102
What type of joints is the metacarpal phalangeal joint 1?
Hinge
103
What movements are available at the metacarpal phalangeal joints 1?
Flexion and extension
104
What type of joints are the IP joints and what do they do?
- Hinge | - Flexion/ extension
105
The head of the radius articulates with the radial fossa in ____
The head of the radius articulates with the radial fossa in *full elbow flexion*
106
Which carpal bone has proximal and distal poles?
The scaphoid
107
What is the direction of movement of the carpals during radial deviation?
Carpals roll laterally and slide medially
108
What is the direction of movement of the carpals during ulnar deviation?
Carpals roll medially and slide laterally
109
What is the most fractured carpal bone?
Scaphoid
110
Which carpal bone is the most subject to avascular necrosis?
Scaphoid

Anatomy 2 (9 decks)

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