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Anatomy 2 > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 layers of tissue found in the scalp?

A
  • Skin
  • Connective tissue
  • Epicranial aponeurosis
  • Loose connective tissue
  • Peristeum of the cranium
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2
Q

____ contains a large number of blood vessels in the scalp

A

Connective tissue contains a large number of blood vessels in the scalp

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3
Q

____ is a strong membranous tendon connecting the

anteriorly placed frontalis muscle and the posteriorly placed occipitalis

A

Epicranial aponeurosis is a strong membranous tendon connecting the anteriorly placed frontalis muscle and the posteriorly placed occipitalis

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4
Q

____ allows the outer three layers to move freely over the skull.

A

Loose connective tissue allows the outer three layers to move freely over the skull.

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5
Q

What do the walls of the cranial cavity consist of ?

A

Consist of inner and outer tables of compact bone that are separated by spongy bone called diploë

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6
Q

What are the cranial meninges?

A

Three membranes that surround the brain and are continuous with the meninges of the spinal cord.

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7
Q

_____ mater is fused to the periosteum, therefore it is considered to have two
parts

A

Dura mater meninge is fused to the periosteum, therefore it is considered to have two
parts

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8
Q

What are the two parts of the dura mater?

A
  • Periosteal dura

- Meningeal dura

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9
Q

___ dura is continuous with the periosteum of the inner surface of the skull

A

Periosteal dura is continuous with the periosteum of the inner surface of the skull

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10
Q

The meningeal dura is continuous with the dura of the ____

A

The meningeal dura is continuous with the dura of the spinal cord

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11
Q

____ mater is a delicate membrane that lines the inner surface of the dura.

A

Arachnoid mater is a delicate membrane that lines the inner surface of the meningeal dura.

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12
Q

What is the arachnoid trabeculae?

A

Fine extensions that span across the subdural space and attach to the pia mater.

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13
Q

What is the pia mater?

A

Vascular delicate membrane that attaches to the brain.

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14
Q

True or False

The subdural space of the brain and spinal cord are the same

A

True

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15
Q

The separation of ___ from ___ creates channels that are lined with an ___ and receive veins that drains the ___ and the ___

A

The separation of meningeal dura from periosteal dura creates channels that are lined with an endothelium and receive veins that drain the brain and the meninges.

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16
Q

The channels created by the separation of the meningeal dura from periosteal dura are in effect venous channels responsible for draining the
____

A

The channels created by the separation of the meningeal dura from periosteal dura are in effect venous channels responsible for draining the
contents of the cranial cavity.

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17
Q

At other locations, the meningeal dura form folds that dip into ___ between parts of the brain.

A

At other locations, the meningeal dura form folds that dip into fissures between parts of the brain.

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18
Q

What are the 4 dural folds?

A
  1. Falx cerebri
  2. Falx cerebelli
  3. Tentorium cerebelli
  4. Diaphragma sellae
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19
Q

___ is the vertical dural fold between the right and left cerebral hemisphere

A

The falx cerebri is the vertical dural fold between the right and left cerebral hemisphere

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20
Q

What is the tentorium cerebelli?

A

A horizontal fold between the cerebrum and the cerebellum underneath it

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21
Q

____ dural fold is under the falx cerebri and the tentorium cerebelli, is a vertical dural fold that separates the right and left cerebellum/cereberal lobes

A

Falx cerebelli dural fold is under the falx cerebri and the tentorium cerebelli, is a vertical dural fold that separates the right and left cerebellum lobes

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22
Q

The ____ is a circular dural fold that surrounds the pituitary gland that sits in the sella tucica

A

The diaphragm sellae is a circular dural fold that surrounds the pituitary gland that sits in the sella tucica

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23
Q

What are the dural sinuses?

A
  1. Superior sagittal sinus
  2. Inferior sagittal sinus
  3. Transverse sinus
  4. Occipital sinus
  5. Cavernous sinuses
  6. Superior petrosal sinus
  7. Inferior petrosal sinus
  8. Sigmoid sinus
  9. Straight sinus
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24
Q

Blood in the superior sagittal sinus drains into the ___

A

Blood in the superior sagittal sinus drains into the confluence of the sinus

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25
Q

In order to get into the confluence, blood in the inferior sagittal sinus travels along the ___

A

In order to get into the confluence, blood in the inferior sagittal sinus travels along the straight sinus

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26
Q

The occipital sinus drains blood from the ___

A

The occipital sinus drains blood from the occipital lobes and from where the cerebellum is going to be

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27
Q

The superior petrosal sinus drains towards the ____

A

The superior petrosal sinus drains towards the transverse sinus

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28
Q

The inferior petrosal sinus drains towards the ____

A

The inferior petrosal sinus drains towards the sigmoid sinus

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29
Q

What sinus can get drainage from the face and the cranium?

A

The cavernous sinus

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30
Q

The cranial fossa can be divided into ___

A

The cranial fossa can be divided into anterior, middle and posterior cranial fossa

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31
Q

The bones of the skull can be thought of as the ___

A

The bones of the skull can be thought of as the neural cranium

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32
Q

What are the bones of the skull?

A
  1. Occipital
  2. Sphenoid
  3. Frontal
  4. Parietal
  5. Temporal
  6. Ethmoid
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33
Q

The orbitomeatal plane is the plane between the ___ and the ___

A

The orbitomeatal plane is the plane between the orbit and the external auditory meatus

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34
Q

What are the lines along the parietal bones called?

A

Superior and inferior temporal lines

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35
Q

The inferior temporal line is where the ___ attaches

A

The inferior temporal line is where the temporal muscle attaches

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36
Q

The superior temporal line is where the ___ attaches

A

The superior temporal line is where the temporal fascia attaches

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37
Q

The suture that connect the parietal bone to the temporal bone is called the ____

A

The suture that connect the parietal bone to the temporal bone is called the squamosal suture

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38
Q

The suture that connect the parietal bone to the occipital bone is called the ____

A

The suture that connect the parietal bone to the occipital bone is called the lambdoidal suture

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39
Q

The mastoid process is on the ___ bone

A

The mastoid process is on the temporal bone

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40
Q

The ___ suture joins both of the parietal bones

A

The sagittal suture joins both of the parietal bones

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41
Q

The junction of the sagittal suture with the lambdoidal suture is called the ___

A

The junction of the sagittal suture with the lambdoidal suture is called the lambda

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42
Q

The superior and inferior nuchal lines are found on the ___ bone

A

The superior and inferior nuchal lines are found on the occipital bone

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43
Q

What are the bones of the face?

A
  1. Palatine
  2. Zygomatic
  3. Nasal
  4. Vomer
  5. Maxillae
  6. Mandible
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44
Q

The ___ is at the junction of the eyebrows

A

The glabella is at the junction of the eyebrows

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45
Q

Where the sutures of the frontal bone joins to the nasal bone is called the ___

A

Where the sutures of the frontal bone joins to the nasal bone is called the nasion

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46
Q

The ___ suture joins the two nasal bones

A

The internasal suture joins the two nasal bones

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47
Q

The ___ suture connects the two maxilla bones

A

The intermaxillary suture connects the two maxilla bones

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48
Q

The mandible is a ___

A

The mandible is a symphysis

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49
Q

The hole above the superior part of the orbit/hole of the eye is called the ____

A

The hole above the superior part of the orbit/hole of the eye is called the supraorbital foramen

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50
Q

___ passes through the supraorbital foramen

A

The supraorbital membrane passes through the supraorbital foramen

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51
Q

The infraorbital foramen is in the ___

A

The infraorbital foramen is in the maxilla

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52
Q

The mental foramen is in the ___ and contains the ___

A

The mental foramen is in the mandible and contains the mandibular membrane

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53
Q

The roof of the mouth is the ____

A

The roof of the mouth is the palatine process of the maxilla

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54
Q

What are the 2 parts of the palatine bone?

A

The greater and lesser palatine foramen

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55
Q

The ____ forms the temporal mandibular joint (TMJ)

A

The mandibular fossa forms the temporal mandibular joint (TMJ)

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56
Q

The internal carotid goes through the ___

A

The internal carotid goes through the carotid canal

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57
Q

What all forms the sphenoid bone?

A

The greater and lesser wing, the body and the dorsum sellae

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58
Q

What are the two parts of the temporal bone?

A
  • Squamous part

- Petrous part

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59
Q

What are the parts of the occipital bone?

A
  • Basilar
  • Lateral
  • Squamous
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60
Q

There is usually nothing in the foramen cecum, but in 1% of the population the ___ passes through it

A

There is usually nothing in the foramen cecum, but in 1% of the population the nasal emissary vein passes through it

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61
Q

What are the contents of the cribriform foramina in the cribriform plate?

A

Axons of olfactory cells in olfactory epithelium that form olfactory nerves

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62
Q

What passes through the anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramina?

A

The vessels and nerves of the anterior and posterior ethmoid

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63
Q

What goes through the optic canals?

A

Optic nerves (CN II) and ophthalmic arteries

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64
Q

What goes through the superior orbital fissure?

A

Ophthalmic veins; ophthalmic nerve (CN V1), CN III, IV, and VI and sympathetic fibers

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65
Q

The maxillary nerve (CN V2) goes through the ___

A

The maxillary nerve (CN V2) goes through the foramen rotundum

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66
Q

What passes through the foramen ovale?

A

Mandibular nerve (CN V3) and accessory meningeal artery

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67
Q

What passes through the foramen spinosum?

A

Middle meningeal artery and vein and meningeal branch of CN V3

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68
Q

What passes through the foramen lacerum?

A

Internal carotid artery and its acompanying sympathetic and venous plexuses

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69
Q

The grater petroseal nerve and petroseal branch of middle meningeal artery passes through the ___

A

The grater petroseal nerve and petroseal branch of middle meningeal artery passes through the groove or hiatus of greater petroseal nerve

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70
Q

The optic canals, groove or hiatus of greater petroseal nerve, foramen lacerum, foramen spinosum, foramen ovale, foramen rotundum, and the superior orbital fissure are all in the ____ cranial fossa

A

The optic canals, groove or hiatus of greater petroseal nerve, foramen lacerum, foramen spinosum, foramen ovale, foramen rotundum, and the superior orbital fissure are all in the middle cranial fossa

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71
Q

What passes through the foramen magnum?

A

Medulla and meninges, vertebral arteries, CN XI, dural veins, and anterior and posterior spinal arteries

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72
Q

What passes through the jugular foramen?

A

CN IX, and XI, superior bulb of internal jugular vein, inferior petrosal and sigmoid sinuses, and meningeal branches of ascending pharyngeal and occipital arteries

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73
Q

The hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) passes through the ___

A

The hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) passes through the hypoglossal canal

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74
Q

What passes through the condylar canal?

A

Emissary vein that passes from sigmoid sinus to vertebral veins in the neck

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75
Q

What passes through the mastoid foramen?

A

Mastoid emissary vein from sigmoid sinus and meningeal branch of occipital artery

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76
Q

What is the distribution/branches of the facial nerve CN VII?

A
  • Temporal
  • Zygomatic
  • Buccal
  • Marginal mandibular
  • Cervical
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77
Q

What is the largest salivary gland?

A

The parotid gland

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78
Q

The anterior aspect of the head bounded posteriorly by the ears, superiorly by the hairline, and inferiorly by the chin is known as the ___

A

The anterior aspect of the head bounded posteriorly by the ears, superiorly by the hairline, and inferiorly by the chin is known as the face

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79
Q

What encompasses the face?

A

Ears, eyes, nose, and mouth

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80
Q

All the muscles of the face get their motor innervation from ___

A

All the muscles of the face get their motor innervation from Facial nerve (CN VII)

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81
Q

____ muscle covers parts of the skull and serves facial expressions

A

Occipitofrontalis muscle covers parts of the skull and serves facial expressions

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82
Q

____ encircles the mouth, causes mouth closure, pursing or puckering of lips, chewing and speaking.

A

Orbicularis oris encircles the mouth, causes mouth closure, pursing or puckering of lips, chewing and speaking.

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83
Q

____ is located in the cheek and is important for mastication.

A

Buccinator is located in the cheek and is important for mastication.

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84
Q

What muscle maintains the skin against the teeth during chewing and aids with whistling and sucking?

A

The Buccinator

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85
Q

_____ is a very thin muscle that arises from the skin of the face and mandible and descends into the superficial fascia of the neck

A

Platysma is a very thin muscle that arises from the skin of the face and mandible and descends into the superficial fascia of the neck

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86
Q

Where does the platysma insert?

A

Over the pectoralis major and deltoid muscles

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87
Q

Action of the platysma

A

It tenses the skin of the

neck

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88
Q

____ muscle arises from the zygomatic arch

A

Zygomaticus major muscle arises from the zygomatic arch

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89
Q

Where does the zygomaticus major insert?

A

Into the corner of the mouth.

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90
Q

What is the action of the zygomaticus major?

A

It pulls the angle of the mouth superiorly and posteriorly as in laughing.

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91
Q

Where does the zygomaticus minor arise from?

A

Arises from the zygomatic bone and continues with orbicularis oculi on the lateral face of the levator labii superioris

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92
Q

Where does the zygomaticus minor insert?

A

Into the outer part of the upper lip.

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93
Q

Action of zygomaticus minor

A

It draws the upper lip backward, upward and outward as in smiling

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94
Q

____ is a small pyramidal slip of muscle arising from fascia covering the lower part of the nasal bone and upper part of lateral nasal cartilage

A

Procerus is a small pyramidal slip of muscle arising from fascia covering the lower part of the nasal bone and upper part of lateral nasal cartilage

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95
Q

Procerus inserts into the ___

A

Procerus inserts into the * skin over the lower part of the forehead between the two eyebrows*

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96
Q

Action of procerus

A

It pulls the skin between the eyebrows downwards which assists in flaring the nostrils, and can also contribute to the expression of anger

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97
Q

____ is a sphincter-like muscle of the nose whose function is to compress the nasal cartilages and to flare the nostrils.

A

Nasalis is a sphincter-like muscle of the nose whose function is to compress the nasal cartilages and to flare the nostrils.

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98
Q

____ muscle arises from the nasal part of frontal bone; frontal process of maxilla; and anterior surface of medial palpebral ligament

A

Orbicularis occuli muscle arises from the nasal part of frontal bone; frontal process of maxilla; and anterior surface of medial palpebral ligament

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99
Q

What does the orbicularis occuli form?

A

Forms a broad and thin layer which occupies eyelids

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100
Q

Orbicularis occuli surrounds the ____ and ___

A

Orbicularis occuli surrounds the circumference of the orbit and closes the eyelid

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101
Q

____ is located at medial end of eyebrow deep to frontalis and just above orbicularis occuli

A

Corrugator supercilii is located at medial end of eyebrow deep to frontalis and just above orbicularis occuli

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102
Q

Corrugator supercilii is known as the ___

A

Corrugator supercilii is known as the wrinkler of the eyebrows

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103
Q

Depressor anguli oris arises from ___

A

Depressor anguli oris arises from oblique line of mandible

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104
Q

Depressor anguli oris inserts into ___

A

Depressor anguli oris inserts into the angle of the mouth

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105
Q

Action of the Depressor anguli oris

A

Depresses the corner of the mouth as in frowning

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106
Q

The facial nerve CN VII, exits the ____ and enters the ___. Within the gland it divides and gives rise to __ major branches

A

The facial nerve CN VII, exits the stylomastoid foramen and enters the parotid gland. Within the gland it divides and gives rise to five major branches

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107
Q

___ branch of the facial nerve goes to the orbital and forehead

A

Temporal branch of the facial nerve goes to the orbital and forehead

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108
Q

Where does the zygomatic branch of the facial nerve go?

A

To the zygomatic, orbital, infraorbital regions

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109
Q

Where does the buccal branch of the facial nerve go?

A

To the cheek and upper lip

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110
Q

Where does the mandibular branch of the facial nerve go?

A

Lower lip and chin

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111
Q

Where does the cervical branch of the facial nerve go?

A

To the neck for innervation of platysma

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112
Q

Sensory innervation of the face occurs via the __ and ___ from the cervical plexus

A

Sensory innervation of the face occurs via the 5th cranial nerve and the great auricular nerve from the cervical plexus

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113
Q

Which division(s) of the 5th cranial nerve supplies the face?

A
  • Ophthalmic division
  • Maxillary division
  • Mandibular division
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114
Q

___ nerve supplies the areas anterior, inferior and posterior to the ear

A

Great auricular nerve supplies the areas anterior, inferior and posterior to the ear

115
Q

The primary arterial supplier of the face is the ___

A

The primary arterial supplier of the face is the Facial artery

116
Q

The facial artery arises from the ____. It gives rise to the following branches: __

A

The facial artery arises from the external carotid. It gives rise to the following branches: Superficial temporal artery

117
Q

The superficial temporal artery is a ____. It gives rise to the ____.

A

The superficial temporal artery is a terminal branch of the external carotid. It gives rise to the *transverse facial artery. *

118
Q

The primary venous drainage of the face is the ____

A

The primary venous drainage of the face is the facial vein

119
Q

The facial vein is joined by the ___ and drains into the ___

A

The facial vein is joined by the anterior division of the retromandibular vein and drains into the internal jugular vein

120
Q

What are the individual sensory nerves of the ophthalmic division that innervates the forehead, brows, eyelids, nasal canal and nose?

A
  • Supraorbital
  • Supratrochlear
  • Infratrochlear
  • Lacrimal (most lateral)
  • Nasal (most medial)
121
Q

What are the individual sensory nerves of the maxillary division that innervates face?

A
  • Zygomaticotemporal
  • Zygomaticofacial
  • Infraorbital
122
Q

What are the individual sensory nerves of the mandibular division that innervates face?

A
  • Auriculotemporal
  • Buccal
  • Mental
123
Q

The internal and external carotid artery splits at the ____

A

The internal and external carotid artery splits at the carotid sinus

124
Q

The facial artery gives off the ___ and ___ artery that supplies the lips

A

The facial artery gives off the superior and inferior labial artery that supplies the lips

125
Q

The facial artery gives off the ____ that supplies the lateral side of the nose

A

The facial artery gives off the lateral nasal artery that supplies the lateral side of the nose

126
Q

The facial artery gives off the ____ that supplies the maxilla

A

The facial artery gives off the maxillary that supplies the maxilla

127
Q

___ is also part of the venous drainage of the face, and it comes from the forehead

A

Superficial temporal vein is also part of the venous drainage of the face, and it comes from the forehead

128
Q

The superficial temporal vein is joined by the ___ and together they form the ___

A

The superficial temporal vein is joined by the maxillary vein and together they form the retromandibular vein

129
Q

The retromandibular and posterior auricular vein form the ____

A

The retromandibular and posterior auricular vein form the external jugular
vein

130
Q

Where is the parotid gland located?

A

Located anterior and inferior to the ear

131
Q

The parotid duct extends from the gland to the ___ penetrating the ___ muscle to allow ___ to enter the mouth

A

The parotid duct extends from the gland to the oral cavity penetrating the buccinator muscle to allow saliva to enter the mouth

132
Q

Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers of the parotid gland are carried by the ____

A

Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers of the parotid gland are carried by the glossopharyngeal nerve

133
Q

Synapse of the preganglionic to postganglionic nerve fibers of the parotid gland occurs in the ___.

A

Synapse of the preganglionic to postganglionic nerve fibers of the parotid gland occurs in the otic ganglion.

134
Q

_ nerve carries postganglionic nerve fibers to the parotid gland

A

Auriculotemporal nerve carries postganglionic nerve fibers to the parotid gland

135
Q

The temporal fossa is located on the ____

A

The temporal fossa is located on the * lateral side of the skull*

136
Q

What bounds the temporal fossa?

A

Bounded by the temporal lines superiorly and the zygomatic arch inferiorly

137
Q

Origin of the temporalis muscle

A

Floor of temporal fossa

138
Q

Insertion of the temporalis muscle

A

Coronoid process of the mandible

139
Q

Innervation of the temporalis muscle

A

Mandibular nerve, CN V3

140
Q

Action of the temporalis muscle

A

Elevation and retraction of the

mandible for mastication

141
Q

Origin of the masseter muscle

A

Zygomatic arch

142
Q

Insertion of the masseter muscle

A

Lateral surface of the ramus, coronoid process and angle of mandible

143
Q

Innervation of the masseter muscle

A

Mandibular nerve, CN V3

144
Q

Action of the masseter muscle

A

Elevation of mandible for

mastication

145
Q

What are the 4 muscles of mastication?

A
  • Masseter
  • Temporalis
  • Medial pterygoid
  • Lateral pterygoid
146
Q

The 4 muscles of mastication move the lower jaw at the

____ joint

A

The 4 muscles of mastication move the lower jaw at the

temporomandibular joint

147
Q

Masseter is ____ to the

infratemporal fossa

A

Masseter is lateral to the

infratemporal fossa,

148
Q

Medial and lateral pterygoid are in the ___

A

Medial and lateral pterygoid are in the infratemporal fossa

149
Q

Temporalis fills the ___

A

Temporalis fills the temporal fossa

150
Q

The ____ fossa is inferior to the temporal fossa and partially covered by the masseter

A

The infratemporal fossa is inferior to the temporal fossa and partially covered by the masseter

151
Q

What is the anterior boundary of the infratemporal fossa?

A

The maxilla

152
Q

What is the posterior boundary of the infratemporal fossa?

A

The condylar process of the mandible

153
Q

What is the medial boundary of the infratemporal fossa?

A

The lateral pterygoid plate

154
Q

What is the lateral boundary of the infratemporal fossa?

A

The ramus of the mandible

155
Q

What is the origin of the lateral pterygoid?

A

Greater wing of the sphenoid

and lateral pterygoid plate

156
Q

What is the insertion of the lateral pterygoid?

A

Neck of the mandible and disc of the TMJ

157
Q

What is the innervation of the lateral pterygoid?

A

Mandibular nerve, V3

158
Q

What is the action of the lateral pterygoid?

A

Bilaterally protrudes mandible;

Unilaterally moves mandible side to side

159
Q

What is the origin of the medial pterygoid?

A

Lateral pterygoid plate, maxilla

160
Q

What is the insertion of the medial pterygoid?

A

Medial surface of the angle of the mandible

161
Q

What is the innervation of the medial pterygoid?

A

Mandibular nerve, V3

162
Q

What is the action of the medial pterygoid?

A

Elevation and protrudes the

mandible; unilaterally moves the mandible side to side

163
Q

The mandibular nerve sends muscular branches to the ___, ___ and ___

A

The mandibular nerve sends muscular branches to the temporalis, masseter, and pterygoids

164
Q

The mandibular nerve sends a nerve to the mylohyoid which innervates ___

A

The mandibular nerve sends a nerve to the mylohyoid which innervates the mylohyoid and digastric muscles

165
Q

The mandibular nerve sends a nerve to the lingual nerve which provides sensation to the ___

A

The mandibular nerve sends a nerve to the lingual nerve which provides sensation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

166
Q

The mandibular nerve sends a nerve to the buccal nerve which provides sensory innervation to the ___

A

The mandibular nerve sends a nerve to the buccal nerve which provides sensory innervation to the lower cheek and gums

167
Q

The mandibular nerve sends a nerve to the inferior alveolar which provides sensory to the ___

A

The mandibular nerve sends a nerve to the inferior alveolar which provides sensory to the mandibular teeth and terminates as the mental nerve

168
Q

The mandibular nerve sends a nerve to the auriculotemporal which carries ___ to the parotid gland

A

The mandibular nerve sends a nerve to the auriculotemporal which carries * postganglionic parasympathetic fibers* to the parotid gland

169
Q

What is the artery of the mandible?

A

External carotid artery

170
Q

What are the branches that the external carotid artery give off?

A
  • Superficial temporal artery

- Maxillary artery

171
Q

What are the branches of the maxillary artery?

A 
–Deep temporal a.
–Muscular branches to masseter and pterygoid
–Inferior alveolar
–Buccal branch
–Middle meningeal a.
172
Q

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a ___ joint with loose fibrous capsule

A

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a synovial joint with loose fibrous capsule

173
Q

TMJ is the articulation of the

head of the mandible with the ___ and ____

A

TMJ is the articulation of the
head of the mandible with the mandibular fossa and articular
tubercle of the temporal bone

174
Q

____ is the thickening of the lateral capsule

A

Temporomandibular ligament is the thickening of the lateral capsule

175
Q

The articular disc of the TMJ is found ____

A

The articular disc of the TMJ is found between the head of the mandible and the mandibular fossa

176
Q

The articular disc of the TMJ is more intimately associated with the ___ and therefore moves with the ____ during opening and closing of the mouth.

A

The articular disc of the TMJ is more intimately associated with the head of the mandible and therefore moves with the head of the mandible as it slides anteriorly during opening and closing of the mouth.

177
Q

Hinge movements of the TMJ is between the ___

A

Hinge movements of the TMJ is between the head of mandible and disc

178
Q

Sliding movements of the TMJ is between the ___

A

Sliding movements of the TMJ is between the disc and mandibular fossa

179
Q

The ligament from the styloid process to the mandible is called the ___

A

The ligament from the styloid process to the mandible is called the stylomandibular ligament

180
Q

The ligament from the sphenoid bone to the mandible is called the ___

A

The ligament from the sphenoid bone to the mandible is called the sphenomandibular ligament

181
Q

Protusion of the mandible is done by ___

A

Protusion of the mandible is done by lateral pterygoid assisted by the medial pterygoid

182
Q

Retraction of the mandible is done by ___

A

Retraction of the mandible is done by posterior fibers of temporalis, deep part of the masseter, geniohyoid, and digastric

183
Q

Elevation of the mandible is done by ___

A

Elevation of the mandible is done by temporalis, masseter, and medial pterygoid

184
Q

Depression of the mandible is done by ___

A

Depression of the mandible is done by gravity, digastric, geniohyoid, and mylohyoid muscles

185
Q

The lower head of the lateral pterygoid passes between the __ and the ___

A

The lower head of the lateral pterygoid passes between the Superficial and deep head of the medial pterygoid*

186
Q

What are the orbits?

A

Two bony cavities that house the eyeballs and associated muscles, fasciae, vessels, a considerable amount of fat and lacrimal apparatus

187
Q

What is the superior relation of the orbit?

A

The frontal sinus

188
Q

What is the lateral relation of the orbit?

A

The temporal fossa

189
Q

What is the inferior relation of the orbit?

A

The maxillary sinus

190
Q

What is the medial relation of the orbit?

A

The ethmoid air cells and sphenoid air sinus

191
Q

What is the superior wall of the orbit?

A

The orbital plate of the frontal bone

192
Q

What is the lateral wall of the orbit?

A

The zygomatic bone

193
Q

What is the floor of the orbit?

A

The maxilla

194
Q

What is the medial wall of the orbit?

A

The orbital plate of the ethmoid

195
Q

What are the contents of the orbits?

A

– Eyeball
– Extraocular muscles
– Sensory, motor nerves and vascular supply
– Extraocular fat

196
Q

____ is the peripheral organ of vision

A

Eyeball is the peripheral organ of vision

197
Q

The eyeball is composed of 3 concentric layers of tissue, which encloses the ___ and

A

The eyeball is composed of 3 concentric layers of tissue, which encloses the lens, vitreous body and aqueous humor

198
Q

What are the 3 concentric layers of tissue of the eyeball?

A
  1. External fibrous tunic
  2. Middle vascular tunic – uvea
  3. Internal nervous tunic - retina
199
Q

___ is composed of cornea and sclera

A

External fibrous tunic is composed of cornea and sclera

200
Q

___ is the anterior transparent portion of the fibrous tunic, it is
responsible for most of the light refraction that occurs in the eye

A

Cornea is the anterior transparent portion of the fibrous tunic, it is responsible for most of the light refraction that occurs in the eye

201
Q

___ is the posterior opaque (white) part of the fibrous tunic. It receives the tendons of the muscles of the eyeball

A

Sclera is the posterior opaque (white) part of the fibrous tunic. It receives the tendons of the muscles of the eyeball

202
Q

____ is the transparent structure enclosed in a capsule and suspended between the aqueous humor and vitreous body by the ciliary zonules

A

Lens is the transparent structure enclosed in a capsule and suspended between the aqueous humor and vitreous body by the ciliary zonules

203
Q

What is the vitreous body?

A

The clear liquid that fills the space posterior to the lens

204
Q

What is the aqueous humor?

A

The clear fluid produced by ciliary processes posterior to the iris

205
Q

____ passes through the pupil to the anterior chamber

A

Aqueous humor passes through the pupil to the anterior chamber

206
Q

___ produces nourishment for the cornea and lens

A

Aqueous humor produces nourishment for the cornea and lens

207
Q

____ is the innermost layer which contains special receptors cells upon which is projected an inverted image of objects seen

A

Internal nervous tunic (Retina) is the innermost layer which contains special receptors cells upon which is projected an inverted image of objects seen

208
Q

What is the choroid in the middle vascular tunic (uvea)?

A

A brown coat that lines the posterior two thirds of the sclera

209
Q

What is the ciliary body in the middle vascular tunic (uvea)?

A

The thickening of the vascular tunic at the level of the corneoscleral junction

210
Q

____ gives rise to ciliary processes, which produce aqueous humor and give attachment to the suspensory ligaments of the lens

A

The ciliary body gives rise to ciliary processes, which produce aqueous humor and give attachment to the suspensory ligaments of the lens

211
Q

___ contains the ciliary muscle, which is responsible for accommodation

A

The ciliary body contains the ciliary muscle, which is responsible for accommodation

212
Q

What is the iris in the middle vascular tunic (uvea)?

A

It divides the space between the cornea and lens into anterior and posterior aqueous chambers

213
Q

In the iris ____ are responsible for color

A

In the iris pigment cells are responsible for color

214
Q

What is the origin of the 4 rectus muscles in the eye (extraocular muscles)?

A

All 4 muscles originate from a common tendinous ring that surrounds the optic canal and superior orbital fissure.

215
Q

What is the insertion of the 4 rectus muscles in the eye (extraocular muscles)?

A

They extend anteriorly to insert into the anterior portion of the sclera.

216
Q

What is the innervation of the 4 rectus muscles in the eye (extraocular muscles)?

A

– Superior (CN III)
– Inferior (CN III)
– Medial (CN III)
– Lateral (CN VI)

217
Q

What is the origin of the superior oblique in the eye (extraocular muscles)?

A

The sphenoid bone passes through the trochlea (cartilaginous sling)

218
Q

What is the insertion of the superior oblique in the eye (extraocular muscles)?

A

The posteriorlateral aspect of the sclera

219
Q

What is the innervation of the superior oblique in the eye (extraocular muscles)?

A

CN IV

220
Q

What is the origin of the inferior oblique in the eye (extraocular muscles)?

A

The anteromedial aspect of the floor of the orbit

221
Q

What is the insertion of the inferior oblique in the eye (extraocular muscles)?

A

The posterolateral aspect of the sclera

222
Q

What is the innervation of the inferior oblique in the eye (extraocular muscles)?

A

CN III

223
Q

What is the sensory nerve of the orbit?

A

Ophthalmic nerve (CN V1)

224
Q

What are the 3 divisions of the ophthalmic nerve (CN V1) that provides sensory input to the input?

A
  • Lacrimal nerve
  • Frontal nerve
  • Nasociliary nerve
225
Q

___ is found in the posterior extent of the orbital cavity

A

Ciliary Ganglion is found in the posterior extent of the orbital cavity

226
Q

____ contains nerve cell bodies of the postganglionic,

parasympathetic neurons that control the eye

A

Ciliary ganglion contains nerve cell bodies of the postganglionic, parasympathetic neurons that control the eye

227
Q

The ciliary ganglion is supported by the ____ and its preganglionic fibers arise from ___

A

The ciliary ganglion is supported by the trigeminal nerve and its preganglionic fibers arise from CN III

228
Q

What is the vascular supply of the orbit?

A

Ophthalmic artery

229
Q

What are the branches of the ophthalmic artery?

A 
– Lacrimal artery
– Supraorbital
– Supratrochlear
– Central artery of the retina
– Ciliary arteries
230
Q

Where is the lacrimal apparatus located?

A

The anterior superolateral corner of orbit

231
Q

What is the lacrimal papillae in the lacrimal apparatus?

A

Small hillocks at the medial end of each eyelid

232
Q

What is the lacrimal puncta in the lacrimal apparatus?

A

Openings of the lacrimal canaliculi at the apex of the

lacrimal papillae

233
Q

What is the lacrimal canaliculi in the lacrimal apparatus?

A

Small ducts that extend from lacrimal puncta to the nasolacrimal sac

234
Q

What is the nasolacrimal sac in the lacrimal apparatus?

A

Small sac-like structure at the anterior medial margin of

the orbital floor

235
Q

____ receives the lacrimal canaliculi

A

Nasolacrimal sac receives the lacrimal canaliculi

236
Q

____ drains the lacrimal sac into the inferior meatus of the

nasal cavity

A

Nasolacrimal duct drains the lacrimal sac into the inferior meatus of the
nasal cavity

237
Q

What are the bones that form the orbits?

A

Frontal, Sphenoid, Zygomatic, Maxillary, Ethmoid and Lacrimal

238
Q

What are the bones that form the orbits?

A

Frontal, Sphenoid, Zygomatic, Maxillary, Ethmoid and Lacrimal

239
Q

____ are musculofibrous folds in the front of each eye

A

Eyelids are musculofibrous folds in the front of each eye

240
Q

What are the muscles in the eyelids?

A

– Orbicularis oculi

– Levator palpebrae superioris

241
Q

____ is the simple apparatus for collection of sound waves

A

External ear is the simple apparatus for collection of sound waves

242
Q

What are the components of the external ear?

A

– Auricle (pinna)
– External auditory canal
– Tympanic membrane

243
Q

___ is located in the temporal bone and houses the auditory ossicles

A

Middle Ear is located in the temporal bone and houses the auditory ossicles

244
Q

The middle ear is internal to the ____ and external to the ___ of the inner ear

A

The middle ear is internal to the eardrum and external to the oval window of the inner ear

245
Q

What are the walls of the middle ear?

A 
– Lateral or membranous wall
– Roof or tegmental wall
– Floor or jugular wall
– Medial or labyrintheric wall
– Anterior or carotid wall
– Posterior or mastoid wall
246
Q

What are the auditory ossicles (tiny bones) in middle ear?

A
  • Malleus (hammer)
  • Incus (anvil)
  • Stapes (stirrup)
247
Q

_____ transmits sounds from the air to the fluid filled labyrinth (cochlea)

A

The middle ear/auditory ossicles transmits sounds from the air to the fluid filled labyrinth (cochlea)

248
Q

Absence of the auditory ossicles would constitute a ____

A

Absence of the auditory ossicles would constitute a moderate-to-severe hearing
loss

249
Q

What are the two components of the inner ear?

A
  • Bony labyrinth

- Membranous labyrinth

250
Q

What are the components in the bony labyrinth?

A

– Semicircular canals
– Vestibule
– Cochlea

251
Q

What are the components in the membranous labyrinth?

A

– Semicircular canals
– Utricle and saccule
– Cochlear duct

252
Q

What are the components in the membranous labyrinth?

A

– Semicircular canals
– Utricle and saccule
– Cochlear duct

253
Q

What bone is superior to the orbit?

A

The frontal bone

254
Q

What bone is posterior to the orbit?

A

The sphenoid bone

255
Q

What bone is lateral and inferior to the orbit?

A

The zygomatic bone

256
Q

What bone is inferior and medial to the orbit?

A

The maxillary bone

257
Q

What bone is posterior and medial to the orbit?

A

The ethmoid bone

258
Q

What bone is next to the ethmoid bone in the orbit?

A

The lacrimal bone

259
Q

Most of the content of the eye is ___

A

Most of the content of the eye is vitreous humor

260
Q

The junction between the sclera and the cornea of the eye is called the ___

A

The junction between the sclera and the cornea of the eye is called the conjunctiva

261
Q

The junction between the sclera and the cornea of the eye is called the ___

A

The junction between the sclera and the cornea of the eye is called the conjunctiva

262
Q

The superior oblique muscle is more ___ than the inferior oblique muscle

A

The superior oblique muscle is more tendinous than the inferior oblique muscle

263
Q

Most of the blood supply of the eye comes from the ___ via the ___

A

Most of the blood supply of the eye comes from the internal carotid artery via the ophthalmic artery

264
Q

The membranous labyrinth is ___ the bony labyrinth

A

The membranous labyrinth is inside the bony labyrinth

265
Q

The semicircular canals in the membranous labyrinth has a ____ in it

A

The semicircular canals in the membranous labyrinth has a cristae ampullaris in it

266
Q

The utricle and saccule in the membranous labyrinth has a ____ in it

A

The utricle and saccule in the membranous labyrinth has a macculae in it

267
Q

The cochlear duct in the membranous labyrinth has a ____ in it

A

The cochlear duct in the membranous labyrinth has a organ of corti in it

268
Q

The bony labyrinth is also called the ____ or the ___

A

The bony labyrinth is also called the osseous labyrinth or the otic capsule

269
Q

_____ is the rigid bony outer wall of the inner ear in the temporal bone

A

The bony labyrinth is the rigid bony outer wall of the inner ear in the temporal bone

270
Q

The semicircular canals, vestibule and cochlea of the bony labyrinth is lined by ____ and has a clear fluid called the ___ in which the membranous labyrinth is situated

A

The semicircular canals, vestibule and cochlea of the bony labyrinth is lined by periosteum and has a clear fluid called the perilymph in which the membranous labyrinth is situated

271
Q

The ____ in the membranous labyrinth is a receptor for the senses of equilibrium

A

The semicircular canals in the membranous labyrinth is a receptor for the senses of equilibrium

272
Q

The ____ in the membranous labyrinth is a receptor for the senses of hearing

A

The cochlear duct in the membranous labyrinth is a receptor for the senses of hearing

273
Q

The fluid inside the membranous labyrinth is called the ____

A

The fluid inside the membranous labyrinth is called the endolymph

274
Q

What lines the walls of the membranous labyrinth?

A

The cochlear nerve, one of the 2 branches of the vestibularcochlear nerve, and the vestibular nerve

275
Q

The receptor sound found in the inner ear are located in the ___

A

The receptor sound found in the inner ear are located in the membranous labyrinth

276
Q

What is the tympanic membrane?

A

The ear drum

277
Q

What does the eustacian tube do?

A

Equalizes pressure in the ear

278
Q

____ is the storage for endolymph and it helps transmit sound, tell about rotation and spin

A

Endolymphatic sac is the storage for endolymph and it helps transmit sound, tell about rotation and spin

279
Q

The internal carotid artery goes through the ___ wall of the inner ear

A

The internal carotid artery goes through the anterior wall of the inner ear

280
Q

The jugular vein is in the ___ of the ear

A

The jugular vein is in the floor of the ear

281
Q

The ____ muscle helps pull and open the eustacian tube

A

The levator veli palatini muscle helps pull and open the eustacian tube

282
Q

What does the oval window in the bony labyrinth do?

A

Transmits sounds in

283
Q

What does the round window in the bony labyrinth do?

A

Allows sounds to dissipate out

Anatomy 2 (9 decks)

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