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Anatomy 2 > Week 7 > Flashcards

Week 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the bones in the proximal row of the hand in order of most lateral to most medial?

A
  • Scaphoid
  • Lunate
  • Triquetrum
  • Pisiform
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2
Q

What are the bones in the distal row of the hand in order of most lateral to most medial?

A
  • Trapezium
  • Trapezoid
  • Capitate
  • Hamate
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3
Q

What kind of joints are the intercarpal joints?

A

Synovial joints

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4
Q

Metacarpals extend from the ___ to the ___

A

Metacarpals extend from the carpal bones to the digits

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5
Q

In what order are the metacarpals numbered?

A

Numbered one to five from lateral to medial

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6
Q

What are the components of a metacarpals?

A
  • Head
  • Body (shaft)
  • Base
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7
Q

What are the components of a phalange?

A
  • Head
  • Body
  • Base
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8
Q

What finger has only 2 phalanges?

A

The thumb ( proximal and distal)

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9
Q

What is the biggest wrist bone?

A

Capitate

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10
Q

What bones sit on the other on the proximal row of bones of the wrist?

A

The pisiform sits on the triquetrum

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11
Q

On what side of the hand do we see the hook of the hamate and the pisiform?

A

On the palmar surface of the hand

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12
Q

Another word for palmar is ___

A

Another word for palmar is volar

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13
Q

What does it mean to be a synovial joint?

A

Have these things:

  • Articular cartilage lining the joint surfaces
  • A fibrous joint capsule
  • Synovial membrane lining the joint capsule
  • Synovial fluid between the joint
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14
Q

On what surface of the hand do we have the thickening of fascia?

A

Thickening of fascia about
wrist on both anterior and
posterior sides

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15
Q

What side of the hand has the extensor retinaculum?

A

Posterior side (back of the hand)

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16
Q

What does the extensor retinaculum do?

A

Prevents bowing of long extensor tendons

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17
Q

On what side is the flexor retinaculum?

A

The anterior side

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18
Q

What does the flexor retinaculum do?

A

Converts the carpals into a concave surface forming the carpal tunnel

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19
Q

What does the carpal tunnel do?

A

Allows passage of the

flexor tendons and median nerve into the palm of the hand

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20
Q

What is the medial attachment of the flexor retinaculum?

A

The pisiform and hook of

hamate

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21
Q

What is the lateral attachment of the flexor retinaculum?

A

The trapezium (distal) and scaphoid (proximal)

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22
Q

How many compartments of the extensor retinaculum are there?

A

6

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23
Q

What is in the 1st compartment of the extensor retinaculum counting from the radial end?

A
  • Abductor pollicis longus

- Extensor pollicis brevis

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24
Q

What causes de quervains tendonitis?

A

The inflammation of the tendons of abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis, which is why they are called the de quervains muscle

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25
Q

What is in the 2nd compartment of the extensor retinaculum counting from the radial end?

A
  • Extensor carpi radialis brevis and longus
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26
Q

What is in the 3rd compartment of the extensor retinaculum counting from the radial end?

A
  • Extensor pollicis longus
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27
Q

What helps separates the compartments of the extensor retinaculum?

A

A bony prominence on the radius, called the dorsal tubercle of the radius/ listers tubercle

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28
Q

What is in the 4th compartment of the extensor retinaculum counting from the radial end?

A
  • All 4 tendons of extensor digitorum communis

- Extensor indicis

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29
Q

What is in the 5th compartment of the extensor retinaculum counting from the radial end?

A
  • Extensor digiti minimi
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30
Q

What is in the 6th compartment of the extensor retinaculum counting from the radial end?

A

Extensor carpi ulnaris

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31
Q

What is the biggest compartment of the extensor retinaculum counting from the radial side?

A

4th

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32
Q

The structures that do not go through the carpal tunnel goes through the _____

A

The structures that do not go through the carpal tunnel goes through the canal of guyon

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33
Q

What passes through the canal of guyon?

A
  • Ulnar artery

- Ulnar nerve (closer to the pisiform)

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34
Q

____ forms the superficial part of the palmar arch

A

Ulnar artery forms the superficial part of the palmar arch

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35
Q

What does the ulnar artery connect with to form the superficial part of the palmar arch

A

Radial artery

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36
Q

What are the bones that form the bony part of the carpal tunnel?

A
  • Pisiform
  • Triquetrum
  • Lunate
  • Scaphoid
  • Trapezium
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37
Q

There is a separate compartment in the carpal tunnel for the ___

A

There is a separate compartment in the carpal tunnel for the flexor carpal radialis

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38
Q

What are the contents of the carpal tunnel?

A
  • Tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
  • Flexor pollicis longus
  • Flexor carpi radialis
  • Median nerve
  • Tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis
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39
Q

Which of the contents of the carpal tunnel sits the most deep?

A

Tendons of flexor digitorum profundus

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40
Q

What is the function of the palmar aponeurosis?

A

Serves to protect soft tissues of the palm and maintain position of the flexor tendons

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41
Q

Where does the palmar aponeurosis come from?

A

Flexor retinaculum

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42
Q

Where does the palmar aponeurosis extend to?

A

The heads of the metacarpals

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43
Q

What happens to the palmar aponeurosis upon getting to the head of the metacarpals?

A

It divides into 4 longitudinal bands adhering to the fibrous tissue of the proximal phalanges

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44
Q

What is the most superficial and lateral of the thenar muscles?

A

Abductor pollicis brevis

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45
Q

What are the thenar muscle?

A
  • Abductor pollicis brevis
  • Flexor pollicis brevis
  • Oppones pollicis
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46
Q

Where do the tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) and profundus (FDP) enter a common synovial sheath?

A

Deep to the flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis

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47
Q

The tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) and profundus (FDP) enter ___ and a synovial membrane covers the tendons within the tunnel

A

The tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) and profundus (FDP) enter osseofibrous digital tunnels8 and a synovial membrane covers the tendons within the tunnel

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48
Q

The osseofibrous digital tunnels are composed of?

A

Composed of fibrous connective tissue

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49
Q

What does the osseofibrous digital tunnels serve to do?

A

Serve to hold the tendons onto the phalanges

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50
Q

Digits 1 and 5 have synovial sheaths that are continuous with the synovial sheaths of the ___

A

Digits 1 and 5 have synovial sheaths that are continuous with the synovial sheaths of the palm

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51
Q

What happens to the synovial sheath of digits 2, 3 and 4?

A

They terminate about the

middle of the palm and are not continuous with the synovial sheaths of the palm

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52
Q

True or False

The synovial sheath of digits 2-4 are separate the do not communicate with each other

A

True

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53
Q

The only nerve in the carpal tunnel is the ___

A

The only nerve in the carpal tunnel is the median nerve

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54
Q

What are the superficial tendons in the carpal tunnel?

A

Tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis

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55
Q

What are the deep tendons in the carpal tunnel?

A

Flexor digitorum profundus

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56
Q

What tendons will be seen when you cut a finger off?

A
  • Flexor digitorum superficialis

- Flexor digitorum profundus

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57
Q

What vessels are in the finger, listed in order?

A
  • Palmar digital nerve
  • Palmar digital artery
  • Palmar digital vein
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58
Q

What is the origin of abductor pollicis brevis?

A

Scaphoid and trapezium

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59
Q

What is the insertion of abductor pollicis brevis?

A

Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx

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60
Q

What is the innervation of abductor pollicis brevis?

A

Recurrent branch of median n.

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61
Q

What is the action of abductor pollicis brevis?

A

Abducts thumb at CMC joint

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62
Q

What is the origin of flexor pollicis brevis?

A

Flexor retinaculum and trapezium

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63
Q

What is the insertion of flexor pollicis brevis?

A

Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx

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64
Q

What is the innervation of flexor pollicis brevis?

A

Recurrent branch of median n.

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65
Q

What is the action of flexor pollicis brevis?

A

Flex thumb

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66
Q

What is the origin of opponens pollicis?

A

Flexor retinaculum and trapezium

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67
Q

What is the insertion of opponens pollicis?

A

Lateral side of first metacarpal

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68
Q

What is the innervation of opponens pollicis?

A

Recurrent branch of median n.

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69
Q

What is the action of opponens pollicis?

A

Oppose thumb

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70
Q

What are the hypothenar muscles?

A
  • Abductor digiti minimi
  • Flexor digiti minimi brevis
  • Opponens digiti minimi
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71
Q

What is the origin of abductor digiti minimi?

A

Pisiform

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72
Q

What is the insertion of abductor digiti minimi?

A

Base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit

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73
Q

What is the innervation of abductor digiti minimi?

A

Ulnar n.

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74
Q

What is the action of abductor digiti minimi?

A

Abduction

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75
Q

What is the origin of flexor digiti minimi brevis?

A

Hamate

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76
Q

What is the insertion of flexor digiti minimi brevis?

A

Base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit

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77
Q

What is the innervation of flexor digiti minimi brevis?

A

Ulnar n.

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78
Q

What is the action of flexor digiti minimi brevis?

A

Flexes 5th digit

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79
Q

What is the origin of opponens digiti minimi?

A

Hamate

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80
Q

What is the insertion of opponens digiti minimi?

A

Medial border of 5th metacarpal

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81
Q

What is the innervation of opponens digiti minimi?

A

Ulnar n.

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82
Q

What is the action of opponens digiti minimi?

A

Oppose the 5th digit

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83
Q

What is the origin of the oblique head of adductor pollicis?

A

Carpal bones and bases of metacarpals 2 and 3

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84
Q

What is the insertion of the oblique head of adductor pollicis?

A

Base of proximal phalanx of thumb

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85
Q

What is the innervation of the oblique head of adductor pollicis?

A

Ulnar n.

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86
Q

What is the action of the oblique head of adductor pollicis?

A

Adduct thumb

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87
Q

What is the origin of the transverse head of adductor pollicis?

A

Shaft of the 3rd metacarpal

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88
Q

What is the insertion of the transverse head of adductor pollicis?

A

Base of proximal phalanx of thumb

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89
Q

What is the innervation of the transverse head of adductor pollicis?

A

Ulnar n.

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90
Q

What is the action of the transverse head of adductor pollicis?

A

Adduct thumb

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91
Q

What is the origin of the lumbricals?

A

Tendons of the FDP

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92
Q

What is the insertion of the lumbricals?

A

Lateral side of the extensor expansions

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93
Q

What is the innervation of lumbrical 1 and 2 of the lumbricals?

A

Lumbricals 1 and 2 – median n.

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94
Q

What is the innervation of lumbrical 3 and 4 of the lumbricals?

A

Lumbricals 3 and 4 – ulnar n.

95
Q

What is the action of the lumbricals?

A

Flex the MP joints and extend the proximal IP joints

96
Q

How many palmar interossei are there?

A

3

97
Q

What is the origin of the palmar interossei?

A

Sides of metacarpal bones

98
Q

What is the insertion of the palmar interossei?

A

Base of proximal phalanges and extensor expansion

99
Q

What is the innervation of the palmar interossei?

A

Ulnar n.

100
Q

What is the action of the palmar interossei?

A

Adduct fingers

101
Q

How many dorsal interossei are there?

A

4

102
Q

What is the origin of the dorsal interossei?

A

Arise via two heads from adjacent sides of metacarpals

between which they lie

103
Q

What is the insertion of the dorsal interossei?

A

Proximal phalanges and extensor expansion

104
Q

What is the innervation of the dorsal interossei?

A

Ulnar n.

105
Q

What is the action of the dorsal interossei?

A

Abduct fingers at MP joints

106
Q

The median nerve enters the hand through the ___

A

The median nerve enters the hand through the carpal tunnel

107
Q

What does the median nerve supply motor input to in the hand?

A

The three thenar muscles and lumbricals 1 and 2

108
Q

What does the median nerve supply sensory input to in the hand?

A

From the anterior surface of the digits 1, 2 and 3 and

the lateral half of digit 4 as well as the lateral surface of the palm of the hand

109
Q

How does the ulnar nerve enter the hand?

A

The palm on the medial side of the wrist through the canal of Guyon

110
Q

What does the ulnar nerve supply motor input to in the hand?

A

The hypothenar muscles, adductor pollicis (2 heads),

lumbricals 3 and 4, and the palmar and dorsal interossei muscles

111
Q

What does the ulnar nerve supply sensory input to in the hand?

A

From the medial aspect of the palm, medial aspect of the dorsum of the hand, digit 5 and half of digit 4

112
Q

How does the radial nerve enter the hand?

A

Enters hand through anatomical snuffbox

113
Q

What does the radial nerve supply motor input to in the hand?

A

NOTHING

114
Q

What does the radial nerve supply sensory input to in the hand?

A

From the lateral two thirds of the dorsum of the hand via the superficial radial branch

115
Q

The radial artery runs __ to 1st digit, through the anatomical snuffbox and enters the palm between the heads of the first ____

A

The radial artery runs posterior to 1st digit, through the anatomical snuffbox and enters the palm between the heads of the first dorsal interosseous muscles

116
Q

What artery supplies the 1st digit and what gives rise to it?

A
  • Princeps pollicis artery

- Radial artery gives rise to it

117
Q

What artery supplies the 2nd digit and what gives rise to it?

A
  • Radialis indicis artery

- Radial artery gives rise to it

118
Q

What does the radial artery do after giving rise to other arteries?

A

Forms the deep palmar arch

119
Q

Where does the superficial radial brand of the radial artery rise from?

A

Arises from radial artery before the radial artery enters the anatomical snuffbox

120
Q

The superficial radial branch pf the radial artery runs ___ and joins with the ___

A

The superficial radial branch pf the radial artery runs superficial and joins with the superficial palmar arch

121
Q

How does the ulnar artery enter the hand?

A

Enters palm through canal of Guyon

122
Q

The ulnar artery divides into a __ and ___ which forms the superficial and deep palmar arches

A

The ulnar artery divides into a deep palmar branch and a superficial palmar branch
which form the superficial and deep palmar arches

123
Q

What are the digital arteries?

A

Three digital arteries that arise from the superficial and deep palmar arch

124
Q

Out of the abductor pollicis brevis and flexor pollicis brevis, which is more medially placed?

A

Flexor pollicis brevis

125
Q

The cutaneous branches of the ulnar nerve innervates the __?

A

5th finger and half of the 4th finger

126
Q

There are 2 palmar interossei muscles on the ____ and 1 one the ____

A

There are 2 palmar interossei muscles on the lateral side of digits 4 and 5 and 1 one the medial side of digit 2

127
Q

Describe where the dorsal interossei muscles are from

A
  • Lateral side of the 5th metacarpal
  • Lateral and medial side of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th
  • Medial side of the 1st
128
Q

Why is the 1st dorsal interossei (between the thumb and index finger) important?

A

It has a little gap between the heads for the passage way of the radial artery to become the deep palmar arch

129
Q

On the palmar side what does the ulnar nerve provide sensory innervation to?

A

The hypothenar eminence and the 5th and half of the 4th finger

130
Q

What are the muscles in the hypothenar eminence?

A

The abductor digiti minimi, the flexor digiti minimi brevis, and the opponens digiti minimi

131
Q

On the palmar side what does the median nerve provide sensory innervation to?

A

Thumb, index finger, middle finger, and half of the ring finger. The remain portion of the pal not innervated by the ulnar nerve

132
Q

On the palmar side what does the radial nerve provide sensory innervation to?

A

The little surface of the thenar eminence on the radial side of the hand

133
Q

What is the shoulder complex?

A

Set of 4 articulations involving sternum, clavicle, ribs, scapula and humerus

134
Q

What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Saddle type synovial joint (functions as ball-and-socket)

135
Q

What does the articular disc of the sternoclavicular joint do?

A

Connects the medial end of clavicle to the 1st costal cartilage and sternum

136
Q

There are thickenings of the fibrous capsule that form the __ and ___ ligaments

A

There are thickenings of the fibrous capsule that form the anterior and posterior
sternoclavicular ligaments

137
Q

Where does the costoclavicular ligament come from?

A

1st rib and its costal cartilage

138
Q

Where does the costoclavicular ligament come go?

A

The anterior margin of the medial end of the clavicle

139
Q

What is the blood supply of the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Internal thoracic and suprascapular arteries

140
Q

What is the nerve supply of the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Branches of suprascapular n. and n. to subclavius

141
Q

What does the costoclavicular ligament do?

A

Helps minimize the excessive movement of the clavicle

142
Q

How many degrees of freedom of movement does the clavicle have?

A

3 deg

143
Q

What movement does the clavicle?

A
  • Elevation and depression
  • Protraction and retraction
  • Posterior rotation (moves the least)
144
Q

What is the frequency of a sternoclavicular joint injury?

A

Fractures and dislocations are unusual (<5% of shoulder girdle injuries)

145
Q

In what population is a sternoclavicular injury most common?

A

More common in children and adolescents

146
Q

What is the mechanism of a sternoclavicular joint injury?

A

High-energy mechanisms (falls from height, motor vehicle collisions, sports-related injuries)

147
Q

What part and in what direction is the sternoclavicular joint most displaced?

A

Most cases – medial end of clavicle displaced anteriorly (Posterior displacement less common)

148
Q

What kind of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Plane synovial joint

149
Q

Where is the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Junction of lateral end of clavicle to the acromion process of scapula

150
Q

The capsule of the acromioclavicular joint is strengthened by ____

A

The capsule of the acromioclavicular joint is strengthened by the acromioclavicular ligament

151
Q

What does the coracoclavicular ligament do?

A

Strengthens lateral end of the clavicle by attaching to clavicle

152
Q

What are the two parts of the coracoclavicular ligament?

A

Trapezoid and Conoid

153
Q

What is the blood supply of the acromioclavicular ligament?

A

Suprascapular and thoracoacromial arteries

154
Q

What is the nerve supply of the acromioclavicular ligament?

A

Lateral pectoral and axillary nerves

155
Q

The sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints allow ___

A

The sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints allow the scapula to move

156
Q

What happens with anterior tilting of the scapula?

A

The inferior part of the scapula pokes out and the acromion dips. (vice versa for posterior tilting)

157
Q

What does a type 1 AC joint injury entail?

A

An injury to the AC joint ligament, with no real disruption to the joint

158
Q

What does a type 2 AC joint injury entail?

A

A full tear of the AC ligament, and the coracoarocmial ligaments are still fine

159
Q

What does a type 3 AC joint injury entail?

A

There is a rupture of both the AC joint ligament and the coracoacromial joint ligament

160
Q

What does a type 4 AC joint injury entail?

A

The clavicle is pushed posteriorly relative to the acromion

161
Q

What does a type 5 AC joint injury entail?

A

The clavicle is pushed posteriorly relative to the acromion and there is a disruption to the sternal ligaments

162
Q

What does a type 6 AC joint injury entail?

A

The clavicle goes underneath the acromion, and behind the tendons of biceps and coracobrachialis

163
Q

What forms the scapulothoracic joint?

A

The convex surface of the posterior thoracic cage with the concave surface of the anterior scapula

164
Q

What lines the anterior surface of the scapula

A

Subscapularis and serratus anterior

165
Q

What are the movements that the scapulothoracic joint can achieve?

A
  • Elevation and depression
  • Protraction and retraction
  • Upward and downward rotation
166
Q

What is scapular dyskinesia?

A

Alteration in the normal position or motion of the scapula during coupled scapulohumeral movements

167
Q

What do clinicians do to identify scapular dyskinesia?

A

Clinicians observe scapular motion and congruence during self directed upper extremity movements

168
Q

What is a type 1 scapula?

A

Inferior angle prominence of the scapula (anteriorly tilted)

169
Q

What is a type 2 scapula?

A

Medial border prominence of the scapula. (protracted)

170
Q

What is a type 3 scapula?

A

Superior border prominence of the scapula (posteriorly tilted)

171
Q

What is a type 4 scapula?

A

Symmetrical (Normal)

172
Q

What kind of joint is the glenohumeral joint?

A

Ball and socket – synovial joint

173
Q

What makes up the glenohumeral joint?

A

Head of humerus joins with glenoid fossa

174
Q

Both surfaces of the the glenohumeral joint is covered by ____

A

Both surfaces of the the glenohumeral joint is covered by hyaline cartilage

175
Q

___ deepens the socket of the glenoid fossa for a better fit

A

Glenoid labrum deepens the socket of the glenoid fossa for a better fit

176
Q

The superior portion of the glenoid labrum blends with the ____

A

The superior portion of the glenoid labrum blends with the tendon of long head of biceps brachii

177
Q

___ allows for the massive movement of the glenohumeral joint

A

Axillary pouch allows for the massive movement of the glenohumeral joint

178
Q

The loss of the ___ is prevalent in adhesive capsulitis

A

The loss of the axillary pouch is prevalent in adhesive capsulitis

179
Q

What is a SLAP tear?

A

Superior Labrum Anterior to Posterior tear

180
Q

What could cause a SLAP tear?

A
  • Motor vehicle accident
  • Fall on outstretched arm
  • Forceful pull on arm
  • Rapid or forceful movement of arm
  • Shoulder dislocation
181
Q

What is a type 1 SLAP tear?

A

Where there is slight separation of the labrum superiorly to anterior to posterior, but the tendon is still intact on the supraglenoid tubercle

182
Q

What is a type 2 SLAP tear?

A

There is more deterioration on the superior part of the labrum

183
Q

What is a type 3 SLAP tear?

A

The labrum gets pulled off and the tendon separates from the labrum

184
Q

What is a type 4 SLAP tear?

A

When the tendon pulls away completely along with the labrum and falls into the joint capsule

185
Q

A SLAP tear is as a result of what?

A

Wearing down the labrum that occurs slowly over time

186
Q

The glenohumeral joint has a fibrous capsule that is ___ and allows for ____

A

The glenohumeral joint has a fibrous capsule that is thin and loose and allows for wide ROM

187
Q

The capsule of the glenohumeral joint is lined by ____

A

The capsule of the glenohumeral joint is lined by synovial membrane

188
Q

What are the intrinsic ligaments of the glenohumeral joint?

A
  • Glenohumeral ligaments
  • Transverse humeral ligament
  • Coracohumeral ligament
189
Q

The glenohumeral joint has 3 fibrous bands found only on the ____

A

The glenohumeral joint has 3 fibrous bands found only on the internal aspect of the capsule

190
Q

The glenohumeral ligament radiate laterally from the ___ into three band: __, ___ and ___

A

The glenohumeral ligament radiate laterally from the supraglenoid tubercle into three bands: Superior,
middle and inferior bands

191
Q

What is the function of the glenohumeral ligaments?

A

They function to strengthen the anterior capsule of the joint

192
Q

The transverse humeral ligament attaches from the ___ to ___, converting the groove into a ___

A

The transverse humeral ligament attaches from the greater to lesser tubercle converting the groove into a canal

193
Q

The glenohumeral ligaments are found anterior to the ____

A

The glenohumeral ligaments are found anterior to the coracohumeral ligament

194
Q

___ forms a sling that holds the head of the humerus in the glenoid fossa

A

The inferior glenoihumeral ligament forms a sling that holds the head of the humerus in the glenoid fossa

195
Q

The bursa between the rotator cuff muscles and the acromion is called the ___

A

The bursa between the rotator cuff muscles and the acromion is called the subacromial bursa

196
Q

The coracoacromial arch is between the __ and the ___

A

The coracoacromial arch is between the acromion and the coracoacromia ligament

197
Q

What is the rotator interval?

A

The portion of the shoulder joint where the rotator interval capsule is reinforced externally by the coracohumeral ligament and internally by the superior glenohumeral ligament

198
Q

Most of the time when the shoulder dislocates, its through the ____

A

Most of the time when the shoulder dislocates, its through the rotator interval

199
Q

What is the main job of the transverse humeral ligament?

A

Maintains the position of the
long head of the biceps tendon in the bicipital groove
and the synovial sheath

200
Q

The coracohumeral ligament extends from the ___ to the ____

A

The coracohumeral ligament extends from the * base of the coracoid to the anatomical neck of the humerus.*

201
Q

What is the function of the coracohumeral ligament?

A

It functions to strengthening of the superior part of the capsule

202
Q

What are the extrinsic ligaments of the glenohumeral joint?

A

Coracoacromial Ligament

203
Q

The coracoacromial ligament spans from the ___ to the ___

A

The coracoacromial ligament spans from the coracoid process to the acromion process*

204
Q

What does the coracoacromial ligament do?

A

It helps form the coracoacromial arch which protects the humerus from superior displacement.

205
Q

What forms the coracoacromial arch?

A

The acromion, coracoid and the coracoacromial ligament

206
Q

Where are the bursae around the glenohumeral joint located?

A

Bursae are located where tendons interact with bone, ligament or another tendon

207
Q

What are the bursae of the glenohumeral joint?

A
  • Subscapular bursa
  • Subtendinous bursa
  • Subacromial bursa
208
Q

Where is the subscapular bursa located?

A

Located between subscapularis tendon and the neck of the scapula

209
Q

The subscapular bursa is an extension of the ___

A

The subscapular bursa is an extension of the synovial capsule

210
Q

The subtendinous bursa is also an extension of the synovial capsule under the ___ for protection of the ___

A

The subtendinous bursa is also an extension of the synovial capsule under the transverse humeral ligament for protection of the long head of the biceps brachii tendon

211
Q

Where is the subacromial bursa?

A

Between the acromion and the supraspinatus tendon

212
Q

The subacromial bursa also extends between the __ and ___ to form the ___

A

The subacromial bursa also extends between the deltoid and the proximal end of the humerus to form the subdeltoid bursa

213
Q

What is the blood supply of the glenohumeral joint?

A

Anterior and posterior circumflex arteries and branches from the suprascapular artery

214
Q

What is the nerve supply of the glenohumeral ligament?

A

Suprascapular, lateral pectoral, and axillary nerves supply the
Glenohumeral joint.

215
Q

What ligaments that stop the shoulder from falling down with the arm at the side/ the passive restraint that keeps the head of the humerus attached to the glenoid fossa?

A

The superior, middle and inferior glenohumeral ligament and the coracohumeral ligament

216
Q

What happens to the ligaments of the glenohumeral joint with ADD?

A

There is a shortening of the joint capsule, lengthening of he coracohumeral ligament

217
Q

What happens to the ligaments of the glenohumeral joint with ABD?

A

The coracohumeral ligament shortens and the thickenings of the joint capsule lengthens

218
Q

What has to happen for the shoulder to be fully elevated?

A

An ER has to occur in order to get full elevation

219
Q

At what degree of arm elevation is the glenohumeral painful arc?

A

45-60 deg all the way to 120 deg

220
Q

At what degree of arm elevation is the acromioclavicular painful arc?

A

170 deg to 180 deg

221
Q

What causes the glenohumeral painful arc pain?

A

The humerus is in close proximity to the acromion, so subacromial impingement can occur

222
Q

What is the scapulohumeral rhythm?

A

Natural kinematic rhythm or timing exists between GH abduction and scapulothoracic (ST) upward rotation

223
Q

After about 30° of ___, the scapulohumeral rhythm is remarkably constant and
at a 2:1 ratio, meaning that for every 3° of shoulder abduction, 2° comes from ___ and 1° comes from ___

A

After about 30° of abduction, the scapulohumeral rhythm is remarkably constant and
at a 2:1 ratio meaning that for every 3° of shoulder abduction, 2° comes from GH joint abduction and 1° comes from ST upward rotation

224
Q

The 60° of ST upward rotation result from simultaneous ___ and ___

A

The 60° of ST upward rotation result from simultaneous elevation of the clavicle at the sternoclavicular (SC) joint combined with upward rotation of the scapula at the AC joint

225
Q

The clavicle retracts at SC joint during full ___ (about 15°)

A

The clavicle retracts at SC joint during full scapulohumeral (SH) abduction (about 15°)

226
Q

Scapula posteriorly tilts at about __° and externally rotates at about __°

A

Scapula posteriorly tilts at about 20° and externally rotates at about 10°

227
Q

The clavicle rotates posteriorly around its ___ axis

A

The clavicle rotates posteriorly around its long axis

228
Q

The humerus naturally externally rotates during ___

A

The humerus naturally externally rotates during SH abduction

229
Q

Movement of the upper extremity requires the involvement of what joints?

A
  • GH joint
  • AC joint
  • SC joint
230
Q

60 deg of upper extremity motion comes between the __ and ___

A

60 deg of upper extremity motion comes between the scapular and thorax

231
Q

What is reverse scapulohumeral rhythm?

A

The scapula does all the movement, with no involvement of the GH joint

232
Q

In normal movement of the upper extremity, what is the order of movement of the joints?

A

The GH joint moves 1st, the ST joint adds in and full ER of the GH to get the rotation

233
Q

Glenohumeral joint sacrifices __ for ___

A

Glenohumeral joint sacrifices stability for mobility

234
Q

Glenoid labrum provides ‘suction cup’ effect to maintain ___

A

Glenoid labrum provides ‘suction cup’ effect to maintain joint integrity

Anatomy 2 (9 decks)

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