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Communication > Week 8 > Flashcards

Week 8 Flashcards

1
Q

According to choice therapy: The only person whose behavior we can control is

A

our own.

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2
Q

According to choice therapy: All we can give another person is

A

information.

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3
Q

According to choice therapy: All long-lasting psychological problems are

A

relationship problems.

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4
Q

According to choice therapy The _______ is always part of our present life.

A

problem relationship

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5
Q

According to choice therapy: What happened in the past has everything to do with ____________, but we can only ______________ and plan to continue satisfying them in the future.

A

what we are today

satisfy our basic needs right now

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6
Q

According to choice therapy: We can only satisfy our needs by satisfying the

A

pictures in our Quality World.

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7
Q

According to choice therapy: All we do is .

A

behave

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8
Q

According to choice therapy: All behavior is _________ and is made up of four components:

A

Total Behavior

acting, thinking, feeling and physiology.

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9
Q

According to choice therapy: All Total Behavior is _________ but we only have direct control over the _____________ components. We can only control our ____________ indirectly through how we choose to act and think.

A

chosen

acting and thinking

feeling and physiology

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10
Q

According to choice therapy: All Total Behavior is designated by _____ and named by the part that is the most recognizable

A

verbs

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11
Q

Reality therapy is developed by

A

William Glasser and added to by William Wubbolding

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12
Q

Reality therapy is based on the concepts of

A

choice theory (also created by Glasser).

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13
Q

RT believed the underlying problem for most client is

A

involvement in present unsatisfying relationship and lack of relationships

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14
Q

To Glasser, unhappiness is as a result of

A

the way people choose to behave.

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15
Q

“The solution to a happier existence is fairly simple: ______________________ will lead to better relationships and overall happiness. The choice theory dictates that people, at their core, are trying to ______________ .”

A

people making better choice

satisfy five basic needs

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16
Q

Reality Therapy’s View of Human Nature

A

We are all born with 5 genetically encoded needs that drive us that vary in strength

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17
Q

According to RT, how do we satisfy our needs?

A

We do not satisfy needs directly, but from others around us (not necessarily something we can do for ourselves)

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18
Q

According to RT From birth we build/store information inside our mind of anything we want – referred to as

A

quality world

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19
Q

What is the most important component of our quality world

A

People we are closest to and most enjoy being with

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20
Q

5 Basic Needs According to RT

A
  1. Survival (food, shelter, safety, the urge to reproduce)
  2. Love and belonging (connectedness and relationships)
  3. Power (competence, achievement, and internal control)
  4. Freedom (autonomy, ability to make choices)
  5. Fun (pleasure, enjoyment, knowledge)
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21
Q

Total behaviour is composed of

A

acting, thinking, feeling, and physiology

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22
Q

RT focuses on_______ / avoids discussing the _______

avoids discussing _________ and ____________

ocus on what we can do __________

A

present - past

symptoms and complaines

directly (act and think)

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23
Q

Therapist Role in RT

A

Seven Caring Habits

  1. Supporting
  2. Encouraging
  3. Listening
  4. Accepting
  5. Trusting
  6. Respecting
  7. Negotiating differences
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24
Q

Seven Deadly Habits

A
  1. Criticizing
  2. Blaming
  3. Complaining
  4. Nagging
  5. Threatening
  6. Punishing
  7. Bribing or rewarding to control
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25
Q

Process of Reality Therapy (5 Steps)

A
  1. establish a supportive relationship
  2. explore client’s wants, needs, and perceptions
  3. evaluate how they are in getting what they want
  4. make a plan to do better
  5. commit to plans
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26
Q

What therapy uses the WDEP procedure

A

Choice Therapy

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27
Q

How are choice and reaiity therapy connected

A
  • Choice theory is like the train track (directs where you go, underlying concepts)
  • Reality Therapy is the train and the delivery system – the practicality
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28
Q

According to choice therapy everything we do is

A

chosen from within ourselves; nobody is forcing us to do anything

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29
Q

According to choice therapy behaviour is purposeful and designed to

A

close the gap between what we want and what we perceive we are getting

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30
Q

WDEP Procedure

A

Wants – Ask “What do you want?”
Doing – Ask “What are you doing?” – what behaviors are getting client towards what they want
Evaluation – Ask “Is it working?”
Plan – Ask “What do you see as your choices now?” – what can you do differently to get to that want
*Ask “What is one thing you can do differently?”

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31
Q

Therapist Role/Goal in RT/CT

A

help client connect with the people they have chosen to put in their quality world

as well as all other needs: achievement, love, power, freedom & fun

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32
Q

CT/RT treatment is focussed on ____ and ____ goals

A

short term and long term

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33
Q

In RT/CTTherapy is considered a _________ in which a therapist is the ________ & the client is the _______

A

mentoring process

teacher

student

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34
Q

In CT/RT clients are not expected to backtrack or get sidetracked into talking about

A

symptoms

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35
Q

The emphasis of CT/RT is on

A

Action

when clients change what they are doing, they often change what they are feeling and thinking

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36
Q

Application of RT/CT to group counselling

A
  1. Establish group guidelines ahead of time:
    - “My Job Is/Is Not – Your Job Is/Is Not”
  2. Facilitator establishes the environment by using the 7 Caring Habits
  3. Use the group to teach about the needs and total behavior
  4. Reinforce who they can control (only themselves)
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37
Q

Modernist description of reality

A

Objective reality can be accurately described and observed and can be systematically known through scientific methodology.

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38
Q

According to modernists reality exists ______ of any attempt to observe it

A

indepedent

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39
Q

according to modernists, Clients seeks therapy when ____________ that is caused by __________

A

faced with a problem
deviating from the norm.

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40
Q

Post modernism is based on

A

Social constructionism: values the client’s reality without questioning its accuracy.

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41
Q

According to post modernism clients are:

A

Experts of their lives and there is no one right or wrong way to live

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42
Q

Historically social constructionism is focussed on

A
  1. diversity: not one universal truth about anything
  2. multiple frameworks
  3. integration
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43
Q

Postmodernism seeks to provide

A

wider range of perspective in counselling practice.

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44
Q

In post modernism, change begins by

A

deconstructing the power of cultural narratives, specifically the dominant cultural positions that exist in society.

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45
Q

Examples of postmodern therapies

A
  • Collaborative language systems approach
  • Solutions-focused brief therapy
  • Solution-oriented therapy
  • Narrative therapy
  • Motivational Interviewing
  • Feminist therapy
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46
Q

Describe the Post Modern Collaborative Language Systems Not Knowing Approach

A

o Therapist retain their expert knowledge BUT enter the conversation with the client with curiosity and interest in discovery.
o Enter client’s world as fully as possible.
o No preconceived idea about what direction the conversation will take.

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47
Q

What is the intent of Collaborative Language Systems Approach

A

not to challenge or confront the client narrative, but to assist in telling and re-telling.

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48
Q

How does the conversation evolve in Collaborative Language Systems Approach

A

into a dialogue of new meaning  new narrative  new possibilities.

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49
Q

Example of therapy using Collaborative Language Systems Approach

A

Collaborative Couples Therapy

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50
Q

Who developed solution-focussed brief therapy

A

Initially developed by Steve de Shazer and Insoo Kim Berg in the 1980s

51
Q

Focus of SOLUTION-FOCUSED BRIEF THERAPY

A

Future focused goal-oriented therapy approach to brief intervention

Strength and Resilience

Constructing solutions rather than problem solving

52
Q

Role of therapist in SFBT

A

Therapists assist clients in finding exceptions to their problems; facilitator over expert

53
Q

Basic Philosophy of SFBT (6)

A

Change is constant and inevitable
Clients are the experts & define goals
Future orientation – history is not essential
Emphasis is on what’s possible & changeable - do something differently
Short term and only small amount of change needed
Clients want change

54
Q

How does SFBT state problems are maintained?

A
  • Doing More of the Same
  • Expecting no change
55
Q

Describe the solution focussed nature of SFBT

A
  • If it ain’t broke – don’t fix it
  • Once you know what works, do it more
  • If it doesn’t work, do something different
56
Q

What is change-talk

A

Solution talk, not problem talk

57
Q

Average length of SFBT

A

3-8 session

58
Q

Main goal of SFBT

A

to help clients efficiently resolve problems and move forward as quickly as possible

59
Q

Basic Assumptions of SFBT

A
  • Clients have resources and strengths to resolve complaints; patient centred
  • Since change is constant, the therapist’s job is to identify and amplify change.
  • A small change in one part is all that is needed and can affect change in another.
  • There is no one right way to view things and different views may be valid.
  • Focus on what is possible and changeable.
60
Q

SFBT has a _______ orientation

A

Positive

61
Q

SFBT is based on the assumption

A

that people are healthy and competent and have the ability to construct solutions that can enhance their lives.

62
Q

SFBT believes we already

A

have the ability to resolve the challenges life brings us, but at times we lose our sense of direction or our awareness of our competencies.

63
Q

5 Steps to Therapeutic Process of SFBT

A
  1. client are given opportunity to describe problem and therapist asks how they can be useful
  2. develops well-formed, action oriented goals structured in the here and now
  3. asks clients about those times when their problems were not present or less severe – what did they do to make these events happen?
  4. therapist offers clients summary feedback, provided encouragement, and suggests what clients might observe or do before the next session to further solve their problem.
  5. The therapist and clients evaluate the progress being made in reaching satisfactory solutions by using a rating scale. Clients are asked what needs to be done before they see their problem being solved and what their next step will be.
64
Q

3 Criteria for Therapeutic Goals in SFBT

A
  1. start based
  2. specific
  3. Social
65
Q

Start based SFBT goal refers to

A

stated in positive terms as the start or presence of something the client wants

66
Q

Specific SFBT goal refers to

A

(SMART goal)  Concrete, observable, measurable, detailed, behavioral description

67
Q

Social SFBT goal refers to

A

Description of what significant others would notice, how they might respond, how the responses might affect the client.
- explore possible responses of family members

68
Q

Therapist Role in SFBT

A

Not knowing, client as expert

Help client imagine how they would like life to be different and what it would take to make this transformation happen

69
Q

What is the main intervention of SFBT

A

Questions

70
Q

What is the aim of questions in SFBT

A

Aim is not to gather information; not going in with set list of questions but going in with curiosity and desire to learn more about stor

71
Q

True or false: in SFBT the therapist has a list of questions they go into the interview with

A

false

72
Q
A
73
Q

In SFBT, useful questions assist people in:

A

paying attention to what they are doing and can open possibilities for them to do something different

74
Q

3 Types of therapist-client relationships that can develop in SFBT

A
  1. customer type
  2. complainant type
  3. visitor type
75
Q

Customer type relationship SFBT

A

Client and therapist jointly identify a problem and a solution to work toward; ideal relationship type.

76
Q

Complainant type relationship SFBT

A

A client describes a problem, but is not able or willing to take an active role in constructing a solution

77
Q

Visitor type relationship SFBT

A

Clients come to therapy because someone else thinks they have a problem; not willing to develop self awareness

78
Q

9 SFBT Techniques Utilized

A
  1. Pre-Therapy Change
  2. Exception Questions
  3. Miracle Question
  4. Scaling Questions
  5. Coping Questions
  6. Reframing Questions
  7. Formula First Session Talk
  8. Therapist Feedback
  9. Terminating
79
Q

PreTherapy Change SFBT

A

What have you done since you made the appointment that has made a difference in your problem?

80
Q

Exception Question

A

Direct clients to times in their lives when the problem did not exist e.g. Was there a time when you were able to respond without anger?
Reminds clients that problems are not “all-powerful!”

81
Q

Miracle Question

A

If a miracle happened and the problem you have was solved, what would be different in your life? – One of main components of SFBT

82
Q

Scaling Question

A

On a scale of zero to 10, where zero is the worst you have been and 10 represents the problem being solved, where are you with respect to __________? Or On a scale of 0 to 10, how committed are you to finding a solution to your relationship problems?

83
Q

Coping Question

A

ask about how clients somehow manage to keep going in spite of the adversity they face. E.g. “How do you keep going day after day when there seems to be no hope?” – Assessment of strength

84
Q

Reframing SFBT

A

involves building a different frame of reference around the problem to make it more solvable

85
Q

Formula First Session Talk

A

A form of homework a therapist might give clients to complete between their first and second session. Examine what changed between sessions to assure change is occurring
Offers hope that change is inevitable

86
Q

Therapist Feedback SFBT + 3 Components

A

A summary provided to the client, including strengths noted, signs of hope, commentary on what the client is doing well to work towards goals.

Includes 3 components 
Compliments
Bridges
Suggesting tasks.

87
Q

Terminating SFBT

A

From first session, therapist is mindful of working towards termination.
Therapists assist clients in identifying things they can do to continue the changes they have already made
Discuss perceived hurdles or barriers in the future

88
Q

6 Applications of SFBT to group counselling

A
  1. solution focussed tone
  2. help members see themselves as less problem saturated
  3. create opportunities for members to see themselves as resourceful
  4. work with members to develop well-formed goals
  5. helps members to recognize personal resilience
  6. incorporate SFBT techniques
89
Q

Who founded motivational interviewing?

A

Co-founded by William R. Millar and Stephen Rollnick.

90
Q

True or false motivational interviewing is directive, evidence-based, brief, and stresses client responsibility

A

True

91
Q

What 2 therapies does motivational interviewing share characteristics with?

A

PCT and SFBT

92
Q

How is motivational interviewing similar to and different from PCT

A

similar: bedrock is the attitude of therapist

different: MI is deliberately directly while staying within client’s frame of reference

93
Q

What is the motivational interviewing spirit?

A

o Clients possess abilities, strengths, resources, and competencies.
o Therapist works to evoke inner resources of clients.
o Bedrock attitude of therapist

94
Q

Goal of motivational interviewing

A

reduce client ambivalence to change and increase client motivation.

95
Q

In motivational interviewing, therapists strive to:

A

see the world from the clients perspective.

96
Q

Motivational interviewing is designed to

A

evoke and explore discrepancies and ambivalence.

97
Q

________ is viewed as an expected part of the process in motivational interviewing

A

Reluctance

98
Q

In motivational interviewing, therapists support client

A

self efficacy

99
Q

In motivational interviewing, once clients are ready for change, therapists focus on _________ and implementing a __________

A

strengthening commitment

change plan

100
Q

5 Stages of Change in MI

A
  1. precontemplation stage
  2. contemplation stage
  3. preparation stage
  4. action stage
  5. maintenance stage
101
Q

Precontemplation stage of MI

A

no intention of changing behavior anytime soon.

102
Q

Contemplation stage of MI

A

Awareness of problem, consideration of change, no plans or commitment.

103
Q

Preparation stage of MI

A

Individuals plan to take action immediately and small changes are noted.

104
Q

Action stage of MI

A

Steps are taken to modify behavior and solve problems.

105
Q

Maintenance Stage of MI

A

Work is done to consolidate gains and prevent relapse.

106
Q

4 Techniques Used in MI

A
  1. nonpathological - avoids diagnosing/labelling issue
  2. reframing resistance/expecting it will occur
  3. strength based
  4. deliberate practice of skills
107
Q

Who founded narrative therapy

A

Michael White and David Epston

108
Q

Goal of narrative therapy

A

help clients see themselves as empowered

109
Q

What is narrative therapy all about?

A

listening to client’s story

110
Q

Basic philosophy of narrative therapy

A

focus on respectfully listening to client story while searching for times they were resourceful and avoiding diagnosing problems

111
Q

What are dominant stories in NT

A

events that clients have internalized
o Stories with repeating themes that have had profound effect on self image

112
Q

What do therapists seek to do in NT?

A

seek to assist clients to separate themselves from these stories to allow space for new stories

113
Q

2 Key Concepts of NT

A

stories and listening

114
Q

Normalizing Judgement

A

judging someone on what is deemed the “normal curve” (ex. Of intelligence, mental health, normal behavior).

115
Q

What is totalizing language?

A

reducing the complexity of the individual by assigning an all-embracing, single description to the person.

116
Q

What is double listening

A

Separating the person from the problem while listening to the story.

117
Q

The therapeutic process of NT involves collaborating with the client to

A

name the problem

118
Q

Nt involves _______ the problem and attributing ________ to it

A

personifying

oppressive tactics

119
Q

The therapeutic process of NT involves investigating how the problem has:

A

disrupted, dominated, or discouraged the client.

120
Q

NT involves inquiring into _____________ for events to see _________

A

alternative meanings

the story differently

121
Q

5 therapist functions in NT

A
  1. active facilitator
  2. demonstrate openness, fascination, interest
  3. not knowing position
  4. create preferred story line
  5. avoid diagnostic language
122
Q

5 therapeutic techniques utilized in NT

A
  1. questions
  2. externalization and deconstruction
  3. searching for unique outcomes
  4. alternative stories/reauthoring
  5. documenting evidence
123
Q

Externalizing

A

a way of speaking that separates the problem from the person/
o Addresses what clients uncritically accept about themselves and examines this

124
Q

Double listening

A

involves listening to the problem story while also listening for the counter story
o Contrast the problem story and the counter story and keeps the contrast alive to allow the client to choose which story they want to invest in

Communication (9 decks)

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