Week 5 Flashcards
What are the 4 areas of development in behaviour therapy?
- Classical Conditioning
- Operant Conditioning
- Social-Cognitive Theory
- Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy
What is classical conditioning?
Occurs prior to learning and creates a response through pairing.
Ex) Pavlov dog experience; ringing a bell, bringing food, dog would salivate.. eventually dog would just salivate at the bell without food.
What is operant conditioning?
Learning that involves behaviours that are influenced by consequences.
Example: positive or negative reinforcement, punishment.
What is social-cognitive theory?
Involves a reciprocal interaction between the environment, personal factors, and individual behavior.
Assumes individuals are capable of self-directed behavior.
Self-efficacy: Individuals ability to master a situation and bring about change
7 Key Concepts of Behaviour therapy
- Rooted in scientific principles
- Behaviour can be operationally defined
- Deals with current client problems (not historic)
- Clients assume active role
- Change occurs without examining underlying issues
- Assessment is ongoing throughout treatment
- Interventions are tailored for individual
Describe the goals of behaviour therapy
Client-led, specific measurable, concrete, and can be altered throughout treatment
What is the client experience in behaviour therapy?
active, motivated, often requires homeowrk
What is the therapist’s role in behaviour therapy?
Conduct a functional assessment based on the ABC model (antecedent, behaviour, consequence) and choose best intervention for specific behaviour based on empirical evidence
Describe the client-therapist relationship in behaviour therapy
collaborative; warmth and acceptance are necessary but not enough to create change (contrary to PCT)
What are the operant conditioning techniques?
reinforcement, extinction, and punishment
Positive reinforcement
adding something valued by the individual to increase the targeted behaviour.
Negative reinforcement
when an individual employs a behaviour to avoid an unpleasant condition.
Extinction
withholding reinforcement.
Positive punishment
unpleasant condition added to help behaviour decrease
Negative punishment
reinforcing stimulus is removed in attempt to decrease specific behaviour. Ex) getting your phone taken away
Progressive Muscle Relaxation
One item of behaviour therapy’s bag of tools
- Helps clients cope with stress and achieve mental/muscle relaxation.
- Should be exercised daily.
- Involves specific, taught instructions on tensing and relaxing various muscle groups.
Systemic desensitization
One item of behaviour therapy’s bag of tools
- Clients imagine anxiety-provoking events while simultaneously engaging in behaviour that competes with the anxiety.
- Clients become less sensitive to the anxiety-provoking event.
- Time consuming but effective.
- Works well for clients with severe anxiety and/or phobias.
In vivo exposure and flooding
One item of behaviour therapy’s bag of tools
- Exposure therapy that involves introducing clients to situations that contribute to problems.
- Done under carefully controlled conditions.
- In vivo exposure = live exposure
- Clients engage in brief series of exposures to feared events.
- Flooding
- Similar to above but involves prolonged exposure.
EYE MOVEMENT DESENSITIZATION AND PROCESSING (EMDR)
One item of behaviour therapy’s bag of tools
- Exposure therapy that involves assessment, preparation, flooding, and cognitive restructuring.
- Developed to treat PTSD.
- Helps client with traumatic, unprocessed memories.
- Involves the use of rapid, rhythmic eye movements.
Social Skills Training
One item of behaviour therapy’s bag of tools
- Helps clients develops skills in interpersonal competence.
- Involves assessment, direct instructions, coaching, modeling, roleplaying and homework.
- Example: Anger management training
Self-MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS and SELF-Directed BEHAVIOUR
One item of behaviour therapy’s bag of tools
Therapists sharing their knowledge and skills to help clients develop skills and strategies to deal with their own problems without being dependent on experts.
What is multimodal therapy?
Under umbrella of social-cognitive learning therapy; focuses on specific relationship requirements and strategies for client
Therapist has very active role
What are mindfulness and acceptance-based approached
3rd generation behaviour therapy - considers elements thought of as off limits in behaviour therapy
- mindfulness, acceptance, therapeutic relationship, spirituality, values, emotional expression; beginning of development of COGNITIVE behaviour therapy - seeing how past history and a person’s mind influences behaviou
4 Key Characteristics of Behaviour Therapy
- Session begins with functional/behavioural assessment (ABC)
- Treatment goals clearly defined (empirically based)
- Interventions selected are based on goals
- Evaluations are objectively evaluated
3 Key Concepts of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy
- Our belief system is the primary cause of disorders
- Internal dialogue plays a central role in behaviour
- Focus is on examining faulty assumptions and replacing these with effective beliefs
Basic Philosophy of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy
Individuals often incorporate faulty thinking which leads to emotional and behavioural disturbances; cognitions significantly affect how we feel and act
True or false: CBT sessions are structured
True: Therapy follows structure that approximates treatment plan with beginning, middle, and end
True or false: CBT sessions focus on assumptions and goals
False: they focus on specific problems rather than vague assumptions and goals
True or false: one function of CBT is to gain insights
False: Solution-Focused
Works to generate solutions and not simply gain insights
True or false: CBT individual sessions could stand alone
True
What is rational emotive behaviour therapy?
- Emphasizes the importance of creating and maintaining unconditional acceptance of one’s self, others, and life.
Hollistic and integrative approach
According to rational emotive behaviour therapy, what are the 3 basic musts/irrational beliefs that lead to self defeat?
- I must do well to be loved and gain approval.
- Others must trust me fairly and be kind.
- My life and world must be comfortable, gratifying and just in order to provide me with all my needs.
Describe the therapeutic process of CBT
Educational process of therapy is key
- taught skills to identify and dispute irrational beliefs
- replace these thoughts with rational cognitions
What are the goals of CBT?
Challenge and confront faulty beliefs with contradictory evidence that is gathered and evaluated.
Become aware and change automatic thoughts
Describe the Client-Therapist Relationship in CBT
- therapist is teacher
- collaborative relationship
4 Roles of Therapist in CBT
- Point out and dispute irrational thoughts
- Demonstrate client’s thought pattern
- Help client change/minimize irrational thoughts
- Encourage clients to create a rational philosophy of life
What is socratic dialogue?
examining why they are thinking what they are thinking and what brings on those thoughts
What is rational emotive imagery?
- practicing what the worst imaginable thing that could happen to you, become desensitized to the idea
What is the ABCDE model?
CBT associated Model
A - activating event/adversity
B - beliefs about event/adversity
C- emotional consequence
D- disputations to challenge self defeating belief
E- effect or consequence of challenging self defeating belief
Which type of therapy utilizes role playing?
CBT
Therapist takes on role of someone with issues similar to the client; therapist essentially acts like they are the client and the client tells them what they should be telling themselves
Who is shame attacking in CBT useful for and what does it look like?
Those who need approval from others
Clients are encouraged to do something to attract attention from other (ex. Wear funny hat or outfit, sing out loud at work), while practice positive self-talk, reminding themselves that what others think doesn’t matter.
What is the goal of cognitive therapy?
Evidence based therapy for depression
Goal is to help clients become aware of negative thinking that influences depression
What is arbitrary inferences?
A cognitive distortion in which conclusions drawn without evidence (ex. Catastrophizing).
What is selective abstraction?
A cognitive distortion in which forming conclusions on isolated detail or while ignoring other information.
What is overgeneralization?
A cognitive distortion in which holding extreme beliefs based on one incident.
What is magnification/minimization?
A cognitive distortion in which viewing something in greater or lesser light than then actual event.
What is personalization?
A cognitive distortion in which relating external events to yourself, even if there is no basis for the connection.
What is labelling/mislabelling?
A cognitive distortioni in which portraying yourself based on imperfections/past mistakes.
What is dichotomous thinking?
A cognitive distortion in which categorizing experiences as either-or extremes.
