Week 8 Flashcards
What is nociceptive pain?
Pain associated with the sensory system
What is neuropathic pain?
Pain related to nerves
How do we manage pain through non-pharmacological mechanisms?
Distraction, RICE, reassurance, companionship, exercise
How do we manage pain through pharmacological mechanisms?
Paracetamol, NSAIDS, muscle relaxants, opioids, antidepressants
What is the mechanism of action for a NSAID?
It inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins but inhibiting cox 1 and cox 2
What patients shouldn’t have NSAIDS?
Cardiovascular, asthma, anticoagulants, renal impairment dehydration, GIT, oldies, preggo and people having surgery
What are the three drug classes in triple whammy?
Diuretics, ACE inhibitors, and NSAIDS
What is localized osteoarthritis?
Involving 1-2 sites
What is generalized osteoarthritis?
Involving 3 or more sites
What is osteoarthritis?
It is a metabolically active ongoing process of degradation od a joint
What are some symptoms of osteoarthritis?
Pain - acute or chronic
Where is osteoarthritis normally first seen?
Finger, wrists, knees, hips and big toes
What are some factors increasing the risk of osteoarthritis?
Older age, female, overuse of bone,
What are non-pharmacological management techniques for osteoarthritis?
Weight reduction, physiotherapy, heat packs, surgery, splints/wraps, and mobility aids
What is the first-line drug for osteoarthritis?
Paracetamol given regularly
What is the second-line drug for osteoarthritis?
NSAIDs (lowest dose)
What is the third-line drug for osteoarthritis?
Opioids
What is rheumatoid arthritis?
It is a degenerative, autoimmune disorder that attacks the joints and associative tissue
Where do we see rheumatoid arthritis?
Smaller joints like hands and toes
What are the risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis?
Genetic link, age, females, lifestyle, infection and people who have never given birth
What are some symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis?
Pain, stiffness, tenderness, and bilateral symptoms
What are the non-pharmacological treatments for rheumatoid arthritis?
Lifestyle modifications, heat packs, PT/OT appointments and family living aids
What are pharmacological treatments for rheumatoid arthritis?
Paracetamol, NSAIDs, corticosteroids,
How does methotrexate work?
It is a folic acid antagonist and inhibits the DNA synthesis
What does bDMARD stand for?
biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs
What kind of drug is infliximab?
bDMARD
What does cyclooxygenase do?
Produce prostaglandins
What do prostaglandins do?
Make you feel pain and inflammation
