Week 3

Question 1

What are some symptoms of depression?

Answer 1

Lethargy, depressed mood, loss of interest, weight loss, appetite loss, insomnia, the feeling of worthlessness and suicidal

Question 2

What are some risk factors for MDD?

Answer 2

Genetic, postnatal, between 18-24, or having a coexisting illness like diabetes

Question 3

What neurotransmitters are involved with MDD?

Answer 3

dopamine, glutamate, cortisol and melatonin

Question 4

What is neuronal connectivity?

Answer 4

The formation of accurate neuronal connectivity during nervous system development is essential for higher-order cognitive and motor behaviours

Question 5

What treatment is used for MDD?

Answer 5

Lifestyle changes, like a healthy diet, exercise and reducing stress, CBT and stopping using illicit drugs and alcohol. If not effective then pharmacotherapies

Question 6

What is TCA?

Answer 6

tricyclic antidepressants

Question 7

How do tricyclic antidepressants work?

Answer 7

They block presynaptic reuptake of 5HT, NA and DA

Question 8

What are some side effects of tricyclic antidepressants?

Answer 8

Dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, tachycardia, confusion, sedation and weight gain

Question 9

What is SSRI?

Answer 9

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

Question 10

How do Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors work?

Answer 10

They selectively block presynaptic reuptake of 5HT

Question 11

What are some contra-indiction or cautions for SSRIs?

Answer 11

Increase risk of bleeding in 80yrs+ and if ppl take NSAIDs. May cause premature delivery or infant withdrawal.

Question 12

What is SNRI?

Answer 12

Serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors.

Question 13

How do Serotonin and noradrenaline re-uptake inhibitors work?

Answer 13

They block the presynaptic re-uptake of both 5HT and NA

Question 14

How long does it take to see the effect of antidepressants?

Answer 14

up to 3 weeks

Question 15

What is mania?

Answer 15

It is an irritable mood, inflated self-esteem, decreased need for sleep, rapid loud speech, impulsive behaviour, aggression, violence

Question 16

What does MDD mean?

Answer 16

Major depression disorder

Question 17

What is the first-line treatment for anxiety?

Answer 17

Control symptoms by stress reduction, counselling, breathing control

Question 18

How do benzodiazepines work?

Answer 18

Act to increase the effects of GABA on the GABA receptors.

Question 19

What is GABA?

Answer 19

inhibitory neurotransmitter

Question 20

What are the side effects of benzodiazepines?

Answer 20

Drowsiness, lightheadedness, blurred vision, memory loss, slurred speech, headache and hypotension

Question 21

benzodiazepines contraindications?

Answer 21

Children, elderly, avoid in pregnancy, patients with alcohol and drug abuse, avoid in people with sleep apnea, hepatic and renal patients

Question 22

benzodiazepines practise points?

Answer 22

Start low and go slow and withdraw slowly

Question 23

What are the 5 subtypes of specific phobias?

Answer 23

Animals, natural environment, blood, situational, other

Question 24

What is a MAO-I?

Answer 24

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor

Question 25

How does Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor work?

Answer 25

They stop breaking down MAO-A And MAO-B from breaking down 5HT, NA, Adrenaline and DA

Question 26

What are MAO-I contra-indications?

Answer 26

Cant be used in old people, pregnant people, people with liver disease and be taken 14 days separate from other antidepressiants

Question 27

How long does it take to see the full effect of mental health drugs?

Answer 27

6 weeks

Question 28

What is the first-line treatment for bi-polar?

Answer 28

Lithium

Question 29

What does GABA stand for?

Answer 29

Gamma-aminobutyric acid