Week 3 Flashcards
What are some symptoms of depression?
Lethargy, depressed mood, loss of interest, weight loss, appetite loss, insomnia, the feeling of worthlessness and suicidal
What are some risk factors for MDD?
Genetic, postnatal, between 18-24, or having a coexisting illness like diabetes
What neurotransmitters are involved with MDD?
dopamine, glutamate, cortisol and melatonin
What is neuronal connectivity?
The formation of accurate neuronal connectivity during nervous system development is essential for higher-order cognitive and motor behaviours
What treatment is used for MDD?
Lifestyle changes, like a healthy diet, exercise and reducing stress, CBT and stopping using illicit drugs and alcohol. If not effective then pharmacotherapies
What is TCA?
tricyclic antidepressants
How do tricyclic antidepressants work?
They block presynaptic reuptake of 5HT, NA and DA
What are some side effects of tricyclic antidepressants?
Dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, tachycardia, confusion, sedation and weight gain
What is SSRI?
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
How do Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors work?
They selectively block presynaptic reuptake of 5HT
What are some contra-indiction or cautions for SSRIs?
Increase risk of bleeding in 80yrs+ and if ppl take NSAIDs. May cause premature delivery or infant withdrawal.
What is SNRI?
Serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors.
How do Serotonin and noradrenaline re-uptake inhibitors work?
They block the presynaptic re-uptake of both 5HT and NA
How long does it take to see the effect of antidepressants?
up to 3 weeks
What is mania?
It is an irritable mood, inflated self-esteem, decreased need for sleep, rapid loud speech, impulsive behaviour, aggression, violence
What does MDD mean?
Major depression disorder
What is the first-line treatment for anxiety?
Control symptoms by stress reduction, counselling, breathing control
How do benzodiazepines work?
Act to increase the effects of GABA on the GABA receptors.
What is GABA?
inhibitory neurotransmitter
What are the side effects of benzodiazepines?
Drowsiness, lightheadedness, blurred vision, memory loss, slurred speech, headache and hypotension
benzodiazepines contraindications?
Children, elderly, avoid in pregnancy, patients with alcohol and drug abuse, avoid in people with sleep apnea, hepatic and renal patients
benzodiazepines practise points?
Start low and go slow and withdraw slowly
What are the 5 subtypes of specific phobias?
Animals, natural environment, blood, situational, other
What is a MAO-I?
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor
How does Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor work?
They stop breaking down MAO-A And MAO-B from breaking down 5HT, NA, Adrenaline and DA
What are MAO-I contra-indications?
Cant be used in old people, pregnant people, people with liver disease and be taken 14 days separate from other antidepressiants
How long does it take to see the full effect of mental health drugs?
6 weeks
What is the first-line treatment for bi-polar?
Lithium
What does GABA stand for?
Gamma-aminobutyric acid
