Week 4

Question 1

What kind of drug ends in pril?

Answer 1

Ace inhibitors

Question 2

What kind of drug ends in ‘sartan’?

Answer 2

Angiotensin receptor blockers

Question 3

What kind of drug ends in ‘olol’?

Answer 3

Beta Blockers

Question 4

What is the mean arterial pressure formula?

Answer 4

Mean arterial pressure = (Stroke volume x Heart rate) x Systemic vascular pressure

Question 5

What is stroke volume?

Answer 5

The amount of blood that is pumped from the left ventricle per beat

Question 6

What is heart rate?

Answer 6

Heart rate is the speed that the heart beats, normally measured per minute

Question 7

What is systemic vascular resistance?

Answer 7

Its the resistance applied to the blood by the blood vessel walls

Question 8

What is the baroreceptor reflex?

Answer 8

The baroreceptor receptor measured how much pressure there is within the blood vessel, which sends a message to the brain stem and the brain tells the heart to adjust the blood pressure

Question 9

What does the parasympathetic mode do?

Answer 9

Lower the blood pressure by decreasing heart rate

Question 10

What does the sympathetic mode do?

Answer 10

Raise the blood pressure by increasing heart rate

Question 11

What are the two ways the body can adjust blood pressure?

Answer 11

Through RAAS and baroreceptor reflex

Question 12

What are some factors that contribute to primary hypertension

Answer 12

Genetics, Age, Diet (High in salt), Lifestyle (Stress0, Baroreceptor reset

Question 13

What are the goals of therapy for hypertension patients?

Answer 13

Reduce mean arterial pressure, reduce the likelihood of micro/macrovascular complications and avoid adverse drug reactions

Question 14

What are the drug classes used to treat antihypertensive?

Answer 14

ACE inhibitors, ARBS, calcium channel blockers, thiazide diuretics, beta blockers.

Question 15

What does ARB stand for?

Answer 15

Angiotensin receptors blockers

Question 16

What does ACE inhibitors stand for?

Answer 16

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors

Question 17

What is the mechanism of action for an ACE inhibitor?

Answer 17

Inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme which stops angiotensin 1 into angiotensin 2

Question 18

What are the potential adverse effects of ACE inhibitors?

Answer 18

Hypotension, hyperkalaemia, persistent dry cough

Question 19

What kind of drug ends in ‘sartan’?

Answer 19

ARBS (Angiotensin receptor blocker)

Question 20

What is the mechanism of action of ARBS?

Answer 20

They prevent angiotensin two from binding and prevent the effects of RAAS

Question 21

What are the side effects of ARBS?

Answer 21

Hypotension and hyperkalaemia

Question 22

How do dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers work?

Answer 22

They prevent calcium from entering the arteriolar smooth muscle to prevent them from contracting

Question 23

What are the side effects of dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers?

Answer 23

Vasodilatory effects such as headache, dizziness, hypotension and peripheral oedema

Question 24

What do dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers end in?

Answer 24

Dipine

Question 25

How do NON-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers work to reduce blood pressure?

Answer 25

They prevent calcium from entering arteriolar smooth muscle and cardiac muscle which prevents vasoconstriction and chronotropy

Question 26

What are side effects of NON-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers?

Answer 26

Vasodilatory effects, constipation and bradycardia

Question 27

What do thiazide diuretics end in?

Answer 27

thiazide

Question 28

What is the mechanism of action for a thiazide diuretic to reduce blood pressure?

Answer 28

It prevents the reabsorption of sodium and chloride to remove fluid

Question 29

What does nor/adrenaline do?

Question 30

How do beta blockers lower blood pressure?

Answer 30

Prevents beta 1 adrenoreceptors in the heart which then prevents adrenaline from binding and stops it from increasing the heart rate and stroke volume

Question 31

Why can't beta blockers and non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers be given together?

Answer 31

It can cause life-threatening bradycardia

Question 32

What other diseases can cause something to take antihypertensive?

Answer 32

Stable angina, post-myocardial infarction and heart failure

Question 33

What do nitrates end in?

Answer 33

Nitrate

Question 34

How do nitrates work?

Answer 34

They produce vasodilation and venodilation to lower venous return and reduce preload

Question 35

Is LDL good or bad?

Answer 35

BAD

Question 36

What is LDL?

Answer 36

Low density lipopretein

Question 37

What do LDL's do?

Answer 37

They carry excess cholesterol to the vascular tissue from the liver

Question 38

What is HDL?

Answer 38

High-density lipid

Question 39

What does HDL do?

Answer 39

Carry cholesterol from vascular tissue to the liver for removal

Question 40

Is HDL good or bad?

Answer 40

GOOD

Question 41

What is the first-line therapy for lowering lipids?

Answer 41

Statins

Question 42

How do statins work?

Answer 42

They block the action of the HMG Coa Reductase which in turn stops the body from making extra cholesterol and uses the fat the body already has

Question 43

How does ezetimibe work?

Answer 43

It reduces the absorption of cholesterol from our diet by stopping cholesterol from crossing the intestinal wall

Question 44

What are the three drugs in a triple whammy?

Answer 44

Ace inhibitor + diuretic + NSAID

Question 45

What do Fibrates do?

Answer 45

They help lower high triglyceride levels.