Week 4 Flashcards
What kind of drug ends in pril?
Ace inhibitors
What kind of drug ends in ‘sartan’?
Angiotensin receptor blockers
What kind of drug ends in ‘olol’?
Beta Blockers
What is the mean arterial pressure formula?
Mean arterial pressure = (Stroke volume x Heart rate) x Systemic vascular pressure
What is stroke volume?
The amount of blood that is pumped from the left ventricle per beat
What is heart rate?
Heart rate is the speed that the heart beats, normally measured per minute
What is systemic vascular resistance?
Its the resistance applied to the blood by the blood vessel walls
What is the baroreceptor reflex?
The baroreceptor receptor measured how much pressure there is within the blood vessel, which sends a message to the brain stem and the brain tells the heart to adjust the blood pressure
What does the parasympathetic mode do?
Lower the blood pressure by decreasing heart rate
What does the sympathetic mode do?
Raise the blood pressure by increasing heart rate
What are the two ways the body can adjust blood pressure?
Through RAAS and baroreceptor reflex
What are some factors that contribute to primary hypertension
Genetics, Age, Diet (High in salt), Lifestyle (Stress0, Baroreceptor reset
What are the goals of therapy for hypertension patients?
Reduce mean arterial pressure, reduce the likelihood of micro/macrovascular complications and avoid adverse drug reactions
What are the drug classes used to treat antihypertensive?
ACE inhibitors, ARBS, calcium channel blockers, thiazide diuretics, beta blockers.
What does ARB stand for?
Angiotensin receptors blockers
What does ACE inhibitors stand for?
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
What is the mechanism of action for an ACE inhibitor?
Inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme which stops angiotensin 1 into angiotensin 2
What are the potential adverse effects of ACE inhibitors?
Hypotension, hyperkalaemia, persistent dry cough
What kind of drug ends in ‘sartan’?
ARBS (Angiotensin receptor blocker)
What is the mechanism of action of ARBS?
They prevent angiotensin two from binding and prevent the effects of RAAS
What are the side effects of ARBS?
Hypotension and hyperkalaemia
How do dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers work?
They prevent calcium from entering the arteriolar smooth muscle to prevent them from contracting
What are the side effects of dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers?
Vasodilatory effects such as headache, dizziness, hypotension and peripheral oedema
What do dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers end in?
Dipine
How do NON-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers work to reduce blood pressure?
They prevent calcium from entering arteriolar smooth muscle and cardiac muscle which prevents vasoconstriction and chronotropy
What are side effects of NON-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers?
Vasodilatory effects, constipation and bradycardia
What do thiazide diuretics end in?
thiazide
What is the mechanism of action for a thiazide diuretic to reduce blood pressure?
It prevents the reabsorption of sodium and chloride to remove fluid
What does nor/adrenaline do?
How do beta blockers lower blood pressure?
Prevents beta 1 adrenoreceptors in the heart which then prevents adrenaline from binding and stops it from increasing the heart rate and stroke volume
Why can’t beta blockers and non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers be given together?
It can cause life-threatening bradycardia
What other diseases can cause something to take antihypertensive?
Stable angina, post-myocardial infarction and heart failure
What do nitrates end in?
Nitrate
How do nitrates work?
They produce vasodilation and venodilation to lower venous return and reduce preload
Is LDL good or bad?
BAD
What is LDL?
Low density lipopretein
What do LDL’s do?
They carry excess cholesterol to the vascular tissue from the liver
What is HDL?
High-density lipid
What does HDL do?
Carry cholesterol from vascular tissue to the liver for removal
Is HDL good or bad?
GOOD
What is the first-line therapy for lowering lipids?
Statins
How do statins work?
They block the action of the HMG Coa Reductase which in turn stops the body from making extra cholesterol and uses the fat the body already has
How does ezetimibe work?
It reduces the absorption of cholesterol from our diet by stopping cholesterol from crossing the intestinal wall
What are the three drugs in a triple whammy?
Ace inhibitor + diuretic + NSAID
What do Fibrates do?
They help lower high triglyceride levels.
