week 7 sound

Question 1

speech ____ vary along a continuum

Answer 1

acoustics

Question 2

VOT

Answer 2

• voice onset time
• time that passes between the release of a stop consonant and the onset of the vibrations of vocal chords

Question 3

differences between categories are experienced as greater than ____ differences

Answer 3

physical

Question 4

t or f: auditory systems and categorical perception are typically fully functional at birth

Answer 4

true

Question 5

example of discriminating sounds at young age

Answer 5

• better than adults
• babies notice the difference between two sounds of another lang more than adults can

Question 6

social gating

Answer 6

• better learning bc of social interaction
• ex babies learning mandarine better from teacher in person than online video

Question 7

cues to word boundaries in english

Answer 7

• single words
• familiar words: 7.5 months
• word phonotactics (word stress more likely to be trochaic)

Question 8

transitional probability

Answer 8

how often a particular sequence appears relative to all sequences involving the first item
- p (YlX)= frequency (XY)/frequency (X)

Question 9

according to saffran et al., within words, transitional probability of syllables is ____ and across word boundaries, transitional property of syllables is _____

Answer 9

1.0, 0.33

Question 10

causes of speech variability

Answer 10

• coarticulation (track, team, twin)
• speaker sex
• dialect
• speed (formal/informal speech)

Question 11

perceptual invariance

Answer 11

• ability to perceive sounds that have highly variable acoustic properties as instances of the same sound category (phonemes)

Question 12

how do we translate speech into a sequence of individual sounds

Answer 12

• perceptual invariance
• categorical perception
• acoustic and other cues dynamically integrate to identify phonemes

Question 13

categorical perception

Answer 13

• mental representations guide the processing of speech stream

Question 14

according to lisker, how many accoustic features are correlated with the /b/ vs /p/ difference in rapid vs rabid

Answer 14

16

Question 15

the ganong effect

Answer 15

• listener’s knowledge of words influences their perception of ambiguous speech sounds
• ppl perceive sounds as phonemes that form a real word rather than a non-word

Question 16

Phonemic Restauration

Answer 16

• listeners fill in missing speech sounds based on context or perceived likelihood of sound
• can be due to noise/interruptions

Question 17

mcgurk effect

Answer 17

• visual info (speakers mouth movements) effects how ppl perceive auditory info