week 5: connect

Question 1

fetuses respond to noise ____ after conception but can be earlier

Answer 1

6 months

Question 2

auditory system is fully functional at birth and babies have preference for ____ and ____

Answer 2

• familiar voice and language
• greater interest in speech range of sound

Question 3

how can researchers tell if a baby responds differently to familia ror non familiar sound

Answer 3

rate of sucking, not speed just change in rate

Question 4

study of face projections for babies

Answer 4

• projections of faces or more simple blobs, babies had preference for faces (seen through eye reflection

Question 5

biological motion of dots and lines in babies

Answer 5

detection of biological motion is an intrinsic capacity of the visual system

Question 6

early social interaction (3 main things)

Answer 6

• imitation: dont have much control over body but have control in face (early on, dont w mechanical controls ie tongue protruding, but babies do not imitate)
• social referencing: when kids crawl, look at other humans for signal abt how to interpret
• contingency of social interactions: expectation of turn taking in working w others, kids get upset when they expect mother to engage w them and they dont repsond (turn away etc)

Question 7

response to infant cries

Answer 7

• motor cortex activation
• oxytocin release
• decrease of amygdala
• if dif cultures mothers respond differently

Question 8

reflexive smiling occurs at

Answer 8

0-2 months

Question 9

indiscrinamtive social smiling occurs at ____

Answer 9

3 months

Question 10

recognizing familiar faces occurs at ____

Answer 10

6 months

Question 11

stranger anxiety occurs at ____

Answer 11

8 months

Question 12

attachment

Answer 12

• born with it
• emotional bond w specific ppl
• insecure (avoidant, anxious, disorganized) or secure
• emotional expression infants have

Question 13

why is attachment important

Answer 13

• survival (nutrition and physical security)
• exploration and learning
• dev of internal working model of relationships

Question 14

harlos research on attachment

Answer 14

• toys in enviro vs body to body (can be father too)
• mother as a secure base

Question 15

theory of mind

Answer 15

• interrelated set of ideas abt ones own and others’ mental states (feelings, perception, and thoughts) and how they relate to behaviour
• perception belief/emotion physiology> intention> action

Question 16

children dont know beliefs can be false/ppl can hold dif beliefs until age ____

Answer 16

4

Question 17

early indices of development of TOM

Answer 17

• respond adaptively to ppl (desires/preferences)
• later one explicit belief is shown

Question 18

unseen displacement

Answer 18

• where ann left the doll
• kids under 4: dont understand ann doesnt have context

Question 19

social relationships austin and serle (speech acts)

Answer 19

• do things w words= speech acts
• assertives, expressives, commissives (promise), directives (request), declaratives

Question 20

declaratives vs assertives

Answer 20

d: asserting something, social institution (ie i hereby pronounce)
a: more about reality

Question 21

relational models fiske

Answer 21

• communal sharing
• authority ranking
• equality matching
• market pricing

Question 22

communal sharing

Answer 22

• ppl treat others as equivalent and undifferentiated in terms of contribution to community

Question 23

authority ranking

Answer 23

• ppl have asymmetric positions in linear hierarchy where subordinates differ, respect and obey while superiors take precedence and control

Question 24

equality matching

Answer 24

• relationships keep track of balance or difference among ppl and know what is needed to restore balance
• ex taking turns, one vote per person, equal sharing

Question 25

market pricing

Answer 25

- relationships are oriented to socially meaningful ratios or rates (ie prices, wages, interest, rents, tithes, cost benefit analysis)

Question 26

linguistic alignment

Answer 26

- there is variance in what we are told to do and what works ie talking over eachother which breaks the transmission model

Question 27

transmission model

Answer 27

one person has info and transfers it to another person

Question 28

lexical entrainment

Answer 28

- picking up on lexical items ppl use in conversations - using words that others suggest

Question 29

syntactic priming

Answer 29

- speaker uses similar or same syntactic structure as previous speaker

Question 30

LSM

Answer 30

- language style matching - very prude measure of how we use language

Question 31

language style (pennebaker)

Answer 31

- persons use of function words, pronouns, articles, and other categories that make up grammar structure of lang

Question 32

we has ___ authority/status where as i has ____ authority/status

Answer 32

high, low

Question 33

group cohesion

Answer 33

- sense of support and shared perspectives

Question 34

romantic relationships and lang

Answer 34

- probability of asking someone out on a date can be determined by lang matching - IMs and lang matching is predictive of longevity of relationship

Question 35

t or f: language style matching is largely outside of awareness

Answer 35

true, related to demographic factors but not personality

Question 36

study of syntactic priming

Answer 36

- shown pic and asked to describe it - active or passive determining what structures ppl use in speech

Question 37

active vs passive

Answer 37

- active: the subject of a sentence performs the action (rain watered flower) - passive: the subject receives the action (ie flower was watered by rain)

Question 38

double object dative vs prepositional dative

Answer 38

- double: verb takes two direct objects, with the first object representing the recipient (indirect object) and the second object being the thing given or done (ex She told him the story) - prepositional: uses a preposition like "to" to indicate the recipient (ex she told the story to him)

Question 39

how to compute meaning

Answer 39

- not in word itself but in person in what words they choose to use - incremental: taken in real time overtime - integrate info from dif sources (words, context, social info abt speaker) - rational: inferences abt premises abt structure

Question 40

Grice maxims of cooperative conversation generally

Answer 40

- quality - quantity - manner - relation

Question 41

grice's maxim: quality

Answer 41

- if speaker makes assertion, they have evidence that its true (false is seen as sarcastic)

Question 42

grice's maxim: relation

Answer 42

- speakers' utterances are relevant in context of comm goal, relates to other utterances made

Question 43

grice's maxim: quantity

Answer 43

- speaker aims to use lang that provides enough info to satisfy comm goal but not too much unneeded info

Question 44

grice's maxim: manner

Answer 44

- speaker tries to express themselves in ways that reflect orderly thought and avoid ambiguity/obscurity - if it is convoluted, the sitch was probably weird

Question 45

Scalar implicature

Answer 45

pragmatic inference that occurs when a speaker uses a weaker term than a stronger one

Question 46

communal common ground vs personal common ground

Answer 46

- communal: refers to what we understand abt communities a person belongs to (demographic variables ie gender, nationality) influences what ppl will say - personal: how we interact w particular ppl, common ground that is built as you talk

Question 47

two ways in which we choose a word

Answer 47

historical: recency, frequent use, provisionality, partner specificity ahistorical: informativeness, lexical availability, perceptual salience

Question 48

audience design

Answer 48

concept that we need to produce utterances that are easy to understand (rate of speaking, word choice) - avoid ambiguity in production (lexical choices)