chapter 5 learning words Flashcards
switch task
- infants are exposed to visual rep of object pared w auditory stim during habituation
- test phase: infants hear either same object-word pair or new word-old object
- difference in looking times between new and old pairs is evidence of child mapping the og auditory stim to og object
- ie they look longer at switch than same trials
- when words are similar they dont mind (bar and dar)
how old do babies show surprise at switch task
14 month +
lexical represenation
- info committed to LTM about the sound and meaning properties of words
- constrains on their syntactic combo
alternative retrieval account for lexical reps
- retrieving words from memory may be the source of error
- made worse by similar items, repetition helps
t or f: sound reps children map onto meaning are often similar to sound reps segmented from running speech
trick question, there is evidence for both, but mostly true
whole object bias
theoretical assumption by babies that a new word heard in context of salient object refers to the whole thing and not parts, colour, surface, etc the object has/does
mutual exclusivity bias
general bias to line up objects and linguistic labels in a one-to-one comparison
onomatopoeic
lang sounds that imitate non-linguistic sounds (ie moo)
ideophones
class of words, usually w special properties, where sounds are used to convey info about sensory info related to size, texture, or aspects of motion
iconicity
property of symbol whereby its form bears some resemblance to the meaning
___ of signs in ASL have been identified as showing at least moderate degree of transparency between the shape of the sign and its menaing
2/3
category levels
subordinate: super specific (ex dalmatian)
basic: fav, kinda general but specific (ex dog)
superordinate: broad (ex animal)
under extension and over extension
under: mapping new words onto categories that are too specific (calling a rose a flower but not a lily)
over: mapping new words onto categories too general (ex all animals referred to as dogs) - more easily observed
associative learning
learning process where associations between two stim are made as a result of experiences in which they are paired
ASD and mapping words an experimenter says when babies are looking at a dif object
- ASD: map the new word onto their toy
- non-ASD: map new word onto toy experimenter is looking at
what was found in the accurate/inaccurate description speaker experiment
children in both conditions learned the same w similar results but children w inaccurate label adults did not dedicate the new words to memory as good as the accurate group
argument structures
syntactic frames that provide info about how many objects or ppl are involved in each event and what kind of objects or ppl are involved
intransitive verb
a verb w only one participant (sneeze)
transitive verb
verb w two participants: and actor (subject) and the object of action (ex kick)
ditransitive verb
verb with three participants (third participant is usually introduced by preposition and is the indirect object)
syntactic bootstrapping
using syntactic properties of words to identify and narrow in on those aspects of meaning that words likely want to convey
contingency in relation to lang input
extent to which caregivers response is connected in timing and meaning to the child’s words or communicative actions
referential transparency
degree to which the referent of a word is indicated by clues in the referential context in which the word is used
compounding
gluing together two independent words into one unit so that the new unit acts as a single word
