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Med 1011 > Week 7 Sem 1 2014 > Flashcards

Week 7 Sem 1 2014 Flashcards

0
Q

Serotonin (5-HT)

Neurotransmitter

A

CNS/sensory (pain)

Usually inhibitory

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1
Q

Dopamine (DA)

Neurotransmitter

A

In CNS

Usually inhibitory

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2
Q

Glycine

Neurotransmitter

A

CNS synapses
Always inhibitory

In spinal cord

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3
Q

GABA

Neurotransmitter

A

CNS terminal

Always inhibitory

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4
Q

Glutamate

Neurotransmitter

A

Sensory

Always excitatory

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5
Q

Sarcoma

A 
Cancerous tumour from cells of 
Bone
Cartilage
Fat
Muscle
Vascular 
Or hematopoietic tissues
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6
Q

Lymphoma

A

Wen B or T lymphocytes divide faster n live longer than normal

Type of blood cancer

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7
Q

Leukaemia

A

Abnormal increase of immature WBCs

Broad term coverin spectrum of diseases

Type of cancer of blood or bone marrow

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8
Q

Tumourigenesis

A

Growth/production of tumour

By clonal expansion (ie one common cell ancestor)

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9
Q

Primary tumour/neoplasm

A

Is clinically detectable

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10
Q

Cancer dormancy

A

Cancerous cells not gainin blood supply cos cant get angiogenesis

So stays alive, proliferates but cant metastasize

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11
Q

Metastasis

A

Process of cancer cells invading other tissues

Ruotes: lymphatics, local, vascular

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12
Q

Intravasation

A

Tumour cells goin into vascular/lymphatic vessels, through basal lamina n endothelium

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13
Q

Extravasation

A

Cancer cells escape from capillary n lodge into surrounding tissues

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14
Q

Cachexia

A 
Loss of weight, 
Muscle atrophy
Fatigue
Weakness
Loss of apetite

In cancer patients

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15
Q

Angiogenesis

A

Formation of new blood vessels from pre existing ones

Can happen at tumours - for oxygen n nutrient supply

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16
Q

Cancer effect on patient

A
  • Cancer displaces normal tissue, replacin them wit cells that dont function properly
  • tumours block vital passages (bowel lumen, arterial, venous,lymph
  • cancer cells hav high proliferation=absorbs nutrients=breaks down surrounding cell to nourish itself= cachexia
  • cancers secrete hormones- distal effects
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17
Q

Cancer

A

2nd to heart disease in death causation

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18
Q

Cellular characteristics of cancer cells

A

Enlarged nucleus
Little specialised features
Little cytoplasm

19
Q

Benign cells

A

Appear like original tissue

Remain localised (encapsulated)- dont spread

Usually Dont cause problems unless they grow in a confined space ie the brain

20
Q

Malignant cells

A

Dont look like tissue/cell of origin (irregular structure )

Spread - invade surrounding tissues

R often lethal

21
Q

Cancer cells- 2 main characteristics

A

1) reproduce despite normal constraints that inhibit proliferation
2) invade n colonize territories normally reserved for other cells

22
Q

Cell transformation

A

Change from normal cell to cancer cell

Eg nucleus enlargin etc

23
Q

Lymphedema /lymphoedema

A

Lymph fluid accumulates due to tumorous occlusion

24
Q

Ascites

A

Build up of fluid in abdominal cavity

One of the effects of cancer

25
Q

Cancer spread to bone

A

Can cause severe pain

Weaken bone (wich can cause bone deformities leadin to nerve/spinal cord compression)

Hypercalcaemia (elevated calcium level in blood)

Osteoporosis

26
Q

Proliferation limitation mechanisms

A

Wen cells go into
Resting phase, G1/G0 (cancer cells ignore signal to enter G0)

Differentiation terminally (cancer cells fail to differentiate fully n hence keep dividin)

Apoptosis ( cancer cells hav mutations that may compromise its apoptotic capacity)

Apoptosis

27
Q

Attribution

A

Process where we explain the causes of behaviours n events

28
Q

Errors of attribution:

Fundamental attribution error

A

Tendency for observer to underestimate external factors n overestimate internal factors
Eg he’s depressed again bc he is really lazy n cant keep a job

To favour internal attributions

29
Q

Types of attribution:

External (situational)

A

Behaviour is due to situational constraints

Eg ‘i had a heart attack bc there is so much stress in my family’

30
Q

Type of attribution:

Internal (deposition)

A

Behaviour reflects the person’s personal traits or abilities
‘I had a heart attack cos i smoked n ate too much fatty food’

31
Q

Type of attribution:

Stable vs unstable

A

Stable: ill never b able to exercise regularly
Unstable: ive not been able to exercise lately as it has been too hot

32
Q

Type of attribution:

Global vs specific

A

Global- diabetes effects all aspects of my life

Specific- diabetes prevents me from eatin fatty foods

33
Q

Type of attribution:

Controllable vs uncontrollable (aka Locus of control)

A

Controllable- i can control my diet

Uncontrollable- no matter wat i do, i cant control my diet

34
Q

Errors of attribution:

Actor- observer bias

A

Tendency for actor (person doin behaviour) to blame external stuff for their own behaviour
Eg i got sick bc boss makes me work too hard

35
Q

Self enhancing bias

A

Attributing one’s success to personal factors

36
Q

Self- protectin bias

A

Attributing one’s failures to situational factors

37
Q

Self- handicappin

A

Publicallu makin advance external attributions for one’s anticipated failure or poor performance in forthcomin event

Eg sayin u will fail to fwends before exam to decrease expectations

38
Q

Attitude components

A
  1. Cognition - beliefs/ideas about somethin eg the medication will make me better
  2. Affect - emotions- how u feel bout it
    Eg i dont mind takin tablets
  3. Behaviour- predisposition to act in a certain way eg more likely to adhere to dose prescribed
39
Q

Cognitive dissonance

A

Simultaneously opposing cognitions
Eg
Cogntion: i like ham n salami- it tastes good! But too much processed meat is linked to bowel cancer
Affect: worry bout cancer
Behaviour: reduce intake of ham sandwiches

40
Q

Attitude n behaviour

A

Attitude can predict behaviour

41
Q

Persuasion

A

Attempt to change an attitude

3 components:
Source, message (fear can induce change, but too much fear= no change cos of lack of attention to stimulus/emotions etc), audience

42
Q

Persuasive messages

A

Arouse some degree or fear but not too much

Increase sense of severity if no change is made

Emphasise efficacy, ability to change

43
Q

Heuristic

A

Enablin a person to discover/learn something for themselves

Eg fear/worry provides info by affectin heuristics

44
Q

Elaboration likelihood model

A

Talks bout 2 channels by wich attitudes can b altered
Central route- high elaboration
Peripheral ruote- low elaboration

Med 1011 (12 decks)

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