Week 7 SDL and Practical: Forebrain, ventricles and CSF Flashcards
What is the forebrain/cerebrum made up of?
cerebral hemispheres and the diencephalon
What are the four components of the diencephalon?
- epithalamus
- thalamus
- hypothalamus
- subthalamus
How might a patient with a tumour of the pituitary gland present?
symptoms will reflect excess hormone production
bitemporal hemianopia, ‘tunnel vision’, galacorrhea, gynecomastia, amenorrhea, infertility, gigantism, acromegaly
Where is the primary visual cortex?
surrounds the calcarine sulcus and extends to the tip of the occipital pole
where is the primary auditory cortex and which artery supplies it?
superior temporal lobe and is supplied by the MCA
What forms the limbic lobe?
the cingulate gyrus and the parahippocampal gyrus –> can only be appreciated in the medial surface of the brain
Which modalities do the primary motor and primary sensory cortex contain?
primary motor cortex - production of skilled movements
primary sensory cortex - touch, proprioception, pain and temperature
What are the components of the basal ganglia:
- caudate nucleus
- putamen
- globus pallidus
- substantia nigra
- subthalamic nucleus
What is the corpus striatum?
- subcortical basal ganglia of the forebrain
- part of the basal ganglia - just lateral to the thalamus
- controls cognition, reward, coordinated movements
What is the major function of the basal ganglia?
responsible primarily for motor control, as well as other roles such as motor learning, executive functions and behaviours, and emotions
What do association fibres do?
connect cortical areas within the same cerebral hemisphere e.g short association fibres connect the pre and post central gyrus
What do commissural fibres do?
interconnect areas between hemispheres e.g corpus callosum, anterior commissure
What do projection fibres do?
interconnect cerebrum with rest of CNS (lower parts of brain and spinal cord) e.g corona radiate, internal capsule, corticospinal tract, spinothalamic tract
What is the major commissure of the brain?
the corpus callosum is the largest commissural tract in the human brain
What is the ventricular system of the brain derived from?
the central canal of the embryonic neural tube
In what region of the brain is:
- third ventricle
- cerebral aqueduct
- fourth ventricle
- diencephalon
- midbrain
- pons
Where is the insula?
between the depths of the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes
Which sensory cortex extends into the insula?
primary taste cortex
What connects the two thalami?
by interthalamic adhesion
Which is more medial: putamen or globus pallidus
globus pallidus
where is the amygdala?
sits in the temporal lobe anterior to the hippocampus - almond shaped nucleus
A patient exhibits a variety of behavioural and language problems such as failure to inhibit responses that are socially inappropriate. Such an individual is most likely to suffer from dementia involving the:
pre frontal cortex as important cognitive functions and inhibits inappropriate behaviours
Where is brocas area and what is its function?
inferior frontal gyrus
this is because this is where brocas area is - responsible for motor component of speech
What structures does the pituitary stalk connect?
the pituitary gland and hypothalamus
If a patient has suddenly lost all forms of sensation of the body, where is the likely lesion?
right lateral thalamus –> all sensory except olfaction. sensory fibres go to the VPL
where is the septum pellucidum
from the inferior aspect of the corpus callosum toward the fornix –> hypothalamus inferior
membrane that seperates the anterior horn of the left and right lateral ventricle
Which arteries supply the caudate nucleus, putamen and internal capsule?
striate arteries
What is archoid fasciculus?
bundle of association fibres that connect wernicke’s area to brocas area
