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C&M Neuroanatomy > Week 3 Lecture 8: The forebrain > Flashcards

Week 3 Lecture 8: The forebrain Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cerebrum/ forebrain composed of?

A

Two parts:

  • telencephalon (outer brain)
  • inner brain (diencephalon)
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2
Q

During embryonic development, what structure connects the two swellings that grow to be the cerebral hemispheres? What does this structure become in the adult brain?

A
  • developing telencephalon is connected via lamina terminalis
  • lamina terminalis goes on to become the corpus callosum and anterior commissure
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3
Q

What is the anterior commissure?

A

white matter tract connecting two temporal lobes of the central hemispheres across the midline

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4
Q

What two swellings appear as the diencephalon develops and what divides the two swellings?

A
  • thalamus, dorsally and hypothalamus, ventrally

- hypothalamic sulcus forms the division between the thalamus and hypothalamus

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5
Q

What is the function of the ventricular system of the brain?

A

production, transport and removal of cerebrospinal fluid

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6
Q

Where is CSF produced?

A

choroid plexus

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7
Q

How is the lateral ventricle connected to the third ventricle?

A

interventricular foramina (of Monroe)

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8
Q

What connects the 3rd and 4th ventricle?

A

cerebral squeduct

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9
Q

Which lobe are each of these structures in the lateral ventricle found in:

  1. anterior horn
  2. inferior horn
  3. body
  4. posterior horn
A
  1. frontal lobe
  2. temporal lobe
  3. parietal lobe
  4. occipital lobe
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10
Q

What is the 3rd ventricle found between?

A

right and left thalami

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11
Q

What are the four divisions of the diencephalon?

A
  1. thalamus: relay station between parts of the CNS
  2. hypothalamus: autonomic and neuroendocrine functions
  3. subthalamus: functionally part of basal ganglia and involved in motor control
  4. epithalamus
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12
Q

Where is the pineal gland found and what does it secrete?

A
  • found in the epithalamus

- secretes melatonin

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13
Q

What are thalami?

A

large bi lateral egg shaped masses of grey matter (collection of nuclei)

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14
Q

How can the two thalami communicate?

A

they are connected at the interthalamic adhesion (massa intermedia)

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15
Q

What is the function of the thalamus?

A
  • “receptionist” of the brain - information is sent to the thalamus and the thalamus decides where to next send it
  • relay nuclei send fibres to cerebral cortex
  • sensory processing (except olfaction)
  • motor processing through connections with the basal nuclei (ganglia) and cerebellum
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16
Q

Which structures/ systems send information to the thalamus?

A
  • basal ganglia
  • cerebellum
  • somatosensory, auditory, visual, vestibular and other inputs
  • reticular formation
  • limbic system
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17
Q

What is the function of the limbic system?

A

functional lobe that deals with emotion and memory

18
Q

How is the thalamus divided into 3 main areas?

A
  1. anterior nuclear group
  2. medial nuclear group
  3. lateral nuclear group
19
Q

Where does the anterior nuclear group send information to?

A

cingulate cortex (part of limbic system)

20
Q

Where does the medial nuclear group send information to?

A

prefrontal cortex (cerebral cortex covering the frontal lobe)

21
Q

In the lateral nuclear group, there are further nucleic divisions.
Where do the following key nuclei send their information to?
1. Ventral posterior lateral
2. Ventral posterior medial
3. Lateral geniculate
4. Medial geniculate

A
  1. somatosensory cortex
  2. somatosensory cortex
  3. visual cortex
  4. auditory cortex
22
Q

What is the hypothalamus involved in?

A

homeostasis and autonomic control e.g sexual response, body temperature and blood pressure

23
Q

What is the corpus striatum?

A
  • internal structure of grey matter (nuclei) of each cerebral hemisphere
  • part of the basal nuclei (basal ganglia)
  • involved in motor control
24
Q

What 3 structures is the corpus striatum composed of?

A
  1. global pallidus (internal and external)
  2. putamen
  3. caudate nucleus
25
Q

What is the lentiform nucleus made up of?

A

globus pallidus and putamen

26
Q

What is the name given to the structure made up of the lentiform nucleus and caudate nucleus?

A

corpus striatum

27
Q

What forms the lateral wall of the lateral ventricke?

A

head and body of caudate nucleus

28
Q

What dorms the roof of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle ?

A

tail of caudate nucleus

29
Q

What are the 5 structures of the limbic system?

A
  1. hippocampus
  2. thalamus
  3. amygdala
  4. hypothalamus
  5. fornix
30
Q

What forms the floor of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle?

A

hippocampus

31
Q

Where does the fornix course?

A

follows a C shape over the thalamus to reach the hypothalamus

32
Q

What are the fimbria of fornix?

A

a collection of white matter fibres that converge to form the crus of the fornix

33
Q

Explain the structure of the fornix

A
  • columns of fornix
  • body of fornix
  • crus of fornix
34
Q

What are the 3 classes of fibres in the white matter of the hemispheres?

A
  1. association fibres
  2. commissural fibres
  3. projection fibres
35
Q

What is the function of association fibres?

A
  • interconnect areas within a hemisphere and adjacent gyri

- e.g we can have short association fibres connecting the pre and post central gyri

36
Q

What is the function of commissural fibres?

A

-interconnect areas between hemispheres

37
Q

What is the biggest collection of commisural fibres and what is it made up of?

A
  • corpus callosum aka “great cerebral commissure”

- made up of rostrum, genu, body, splenium

38
Q

Other than the corpus callosum, give another example of a structure made of commisssural fibres?

A

anterior commissure a.k.a rostral commissure

39
Q

What structure connects the crus of the fornix?

A

commissure fibres of fornix aka hippocampal commissure

40
Q

What is the function of projection fibres?

A

interconnect the cerebrum with the rest of the CNS e.g via corona radiata

41
Q

What are the 3 parts to the internal capsule?

A
  1. anterior limb
  2. genu
  3. posterior limb

C&M Neuroanatomy (44 decks)

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