Week 4 SDL and Practical: Brainstem, cerebellum and cranial nerves Flashcards
Which sub divisions of the brain make up the brainstem?
mesencephalon (midbrain)
metencephalon (pons)
myelencephalon (medulla oblongata)
Where is the pyramidal decussation?
anterior median fissure of the medulla oblongata
Where is the gracile tubercle and fascicle located in the brainstem?
midline dorsal medulla
What structures are located in the dorsal medulla?
- lateral and medial geniculate nucleus
- superior and inferior colliculus
- trochlear nerve
- interpeduncular fossa
- superior, middle and inferior cerebellar peduncle
- choroid plexus in roof of 4th ventricle
- cuneate/gracile tubercle/fasciculus
State all the features on the ventral surface of the medulla oblongata
pyramids olives anterior median fissure decussation of pyramids antero-lateral sulcus postero-lateral sulcus CN IX, X, XI, XII
State all the features on the ventral surface of the pons
basilar groove
CN V, VI, VII, VIIII
State all the features on the ventral surface of the midbrain
optic chiasma optic tract pituitary stalk mammillary bodies cerebral peduncles interpeduncular fossa CN III, IV
How is the medulla divided?
into the open medulla and the closed medulla
the medulla becomes open when the central canal opens into the 4th ventricle
What is the function of the cerebellum?
co-ordination of movement
maintenance of balance and posture
To which region of the brainstem does each cerebellar peduncle connect
superior- midbrain
middle - pons
inferior - medulla
Which 3 arteries supply the cerebellum and are they part of the anterior system of vessels (internal carotid system) or of the posterior system (vertebral baislar)
All originate from the vertebral basilar system:
- superior cerebellar artery (SCA)
- anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)
- posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)
What is dysdiadochokinesis?
impaired ability to perform rapid, alternating movements
caused by cerebellar damage
What is past pointing and how do you test it?
past pointing - the inability to place a finger or some other body part accurately on a selected point
-finger-to-nose test
What is the test for dysdiadochokinesis?
ask patient to clap by alternating the palmar and dorsal surfaces of the hand as fast as possible
repeat with other hand
Which cranial nerves emerge from the cerebellopontine angle?
CN VII, VIII
Which cranial nerve emerges from the interpeduncular fossa?
CN III
Which cranial nerve emerges immediately lateral to the medullary pyramid?
CN XII
Which cranial nerves emerges lateral to the olive?
CN IX, X