Week 7 racialzied representation. Flashcards
What is ethnicity?
Cultural charactersitics like language, religion, food, shared descent, traditions, geographic locations
What is Objective ethnicity
the ethnic characteristics of your ancestors
What is subjective ethnicity
how you personally identify your ethnicity
What is race
A socially constructed category used to classify humankind according to such physical characterstics as skin colour, hair texture and facial features
What do we mean when we say race is socially constructed
It means that racial differences re not real in a biological sense, however racial differences are constrcuted by society through social interactions and behaviour
think one drop rule
What is prejudice
an attitude that is unrelated to reality and is generalized to all members of a certain group
what is racism?
a type of prejudice directed against a person or people on the basis of their membership in a particular racial or ethnic group, typically one that is a minority or marginalzied
what is discrimination
treating someone unfarily because of his or her group membership
What is individual discrimination
person-to-person, interpersonal
What are hate crimes
criminal offences motivated by hate towards an identifiable group
What is institutional and systemic discrimination?
policy and practices of organizations, systems, and nations
think of residential schools or the indian act
What is racism often the outcome of?
usually outcome of common practices that are deeply embedded in the political legal and other insitutions,
many people in dominant positions, may not be aware of tehse practices, since it is built into our very system and may be har to detect
When advertisers are racist is it their intention?
usually not, usually they are just repeating or reproducing what they beleive to be the norm or the right approach to advertising, like if you look at advertisings back then that sold slaves
What is intersectionality
understanding the way that multiple forms of inequality or disadvantage compound and create unique obstacles
like being a queer, black, woman could see multiple forms of inequality because of being queer, being black, and being a woman, and they combine to create unique obstacles.
How can we understanding advertising and race when we dont know the intentions?
We can do so by analyzing how much money advertisers spend on minorities, and what types of advertising is directed at them as well as how they are represented.
What do the statistics say about minority representation spending in advertising from our reading
in our reading we found that 280 billion dollars was spent on advertising in 2001, only a little amount was spent on minorities and a lot of what was said in this reading stands ture today
what do the updated statistics say about minority representation spending
the top 20 advertisering aimed at african americans increased, but even with the increase, advertising focused on african americans representes less than 2% of the total us market
Why do advertisers target minorities in more sinister ways?
in the past black people were targetted by methanol cigarette companies
What is deviance
when a person departs from a norm
What does the unruly woman mean
noisy, funny, rebellious, and often voluptuous, all in ways that disrupt social hierarchies. she is essentially, a model of female outrageousness and carnivalesque trangression whsoe presence evokes a multitude of response.
What is scientific racism:
Coopting the authority of sicence as objective knowledge to justifiy racial inequality
What did scientific racism lead to
it led to false assumptions about black people in terms of medicine
led to inhumane spectacles through displays of freakshows and human zoos as late as 1945.
the people apart of these shows were often held against their will and were often abused phsycially and sexually.
What is the nostalgia era
1893-1940
Aunt jemima as a depiction of the mammy stereotype
what is the mammy stereotype
a racist stereotypes that depicts black women as being unnatractive and submissive and loving to their white slave owners
What did aunt jemima represent
the use of the racist stereotype of the mamy as the antithesis to the white lady and antebellum nostalgia, nostalgia of having a slave mammy
What is the transformation era and what two developments impacted this era?
the transformation era came from 1940-2000
the two developments
african americans moving south to north to escape racism and seek better conditions
the emergence of black pioneers in the advertising industry
how would the portrayal of black women in the transformation era in advertising be characterized?
- citizenship, assimilation of images of black woman to look like white women
- differentation: celebrating the difference of black beauty: “black is beautiful.
When is the Era of Agency and what are its 3 developments
its from 2000-present
1. increase of consumer power
2. the rise of the black culture industry
the widespread use and influence of social media
Wha tis cultural appropriation
taking aspects of someone elses culture for your own benefit
Why is it porblematic when one type of person comes to represent all of balckness
because beyonces beauty often refelcts eurocentric ebauty standards
beyonces image of hypersexuality is also objectifying women of colour
