Week 7 Psychoanalytic Approach Flashcards
1
Q
______: a disorder that consists of a variety of physical symptoms
A
Hysteria
2
Q
Patients would describe previously hidden material that seemed related to the causes and cure of their hysterical symptoms in Freud’s technique known as ___ _______
A
Free Association
3
Q
The division of human personality into three components: the conscious, preconscious, and the unconscious is known as what?
A
Topographic Model:
4
Q
What are the 3 components of the topographic model?
A
Conscious, Preconscious, and Unconscieous
5
Q
The ______ contains the thoughts you are currently aware of
A
Conscious
6
Q
The ________ is the large body of information that can readily be brought into the conscious
A
Preconscious
7
Q
The _________ is the vast majority of thoughts that you have but have no immediate access to
A
Unconsciousness
8
Q
According to Freud the _________ is responsible for much of your everyday behaviour
A
unconscious
9
Q
The Structural Model consists of the __, __, and __
A
id; ego; superego
10
Q
At birth there is only one personality structure , the __?
A
id
11
Q
The __ is the selfish part of you, concerned with only satisfying your personal desires
A
id
12
Q
What two components do the id use?
A
Wishful fulfilment; and the pleasure principle
13
Q
Is the id completely unconscious or conscious?
A
unconscious
14
Q
The ___ is based on the reality principle: the primary job of the ego is to satisfy id impulses, but considers the realities of the world
A
ego
15
Q
Your ego moves freely between the unconscious, preconscious and conscious? True or False?
A
True
16
Q
The ____ represents society’s and parents values and standards
A
Superego
17
Q
The primary weapon that the superego brings and utilises is _____
A
guilt
18
Q
____ ____: an ever-present feeling of shame and guilt-for failing to reach standards no human can meet
A
Moral Anxiety
19
Q
Freud stated that human behaviour is motivated by strong internal forces called _____
A
Treibe
20
Q
Freud Identified _____ (the life or sexual instinct) and _____ (and the death or aggressive behaviour) as the two major Treibes
A
Libido; Thanatos
21
Q
______ Anxiety: the vague feelings of anxiety cause by sensations that are unacceptable unconscious thoughts
A
Neurotic
22
Q
The ____ uses defence mechanisms to deal with unwanted thoughts and desires
A
ego
23
Q
The active effort by the ego to push threatening material out of consciousness or to keep that material from ever reaching consciousness is known as ?
A
Repression
24
Q
The ego channels threatening unconscious impulses into socially acceptable action, this is known as ?
A
Sublimation
25
_______ involves channelling our impulses to non-threatening objects
Displacement
26
We use the defence mechanisms of _____ when we refuse to accept that certain facts exist
denial
27
We use _____ ______ when we hide from a threatening unconscious idea or urge by acting in a manner opposite to the unconscious desire
reaction formation
28
Attributing an unconscious impulse to other people instead of ourselves is known as ?
Projection
29
Children that have a difficult time moving through a particular psychosexual stage become ______, or the tying up of psychic energy
fixated
30
Name the psychosexual stages
Oral; Anal; Phallic; Latency; Genital
31
When does the Oedipus complex form?
The Phallic stage
32
What defines mechanism might be used when children identify with their same sex parent?
Reaction Formation
33
______ content (what the dreamer sees and remembers) ______ content (what is really being said)
Manifest ; Latent
34
______ Tests: present test takes with ambiguous stimuli and asks them to respond by identifying objects, telling a story, or perhaps drawing a picture
Projective
35
The primary goal of _________ is to bring crucial unconscious material into consciousness where it can be examined in a more rational manner
Psychoanalysis
36
______ Tests present individuals with ambiguous stimuli, such as inkblots or vague pictures
Projective
37
The ______ inkblot test, Thematic Apperception Test and Human Figure Drawing tests are all types of what tests?
Rorshach; Projective
38
Objects and people in our dreams are thought to be _____
symbols
39
Men make up ____of the characters in women’s dreams and ____ of the characters in men’s dreams
50% ; 65%
40
The unconscious conflict surfaces in the dream at night but is expressed in the form of ______ during the day
anxiety
41
____ sleep is sometimes called paradoxical sleep
REM
42
________ is the cornerstone of psychoanalysis
Repression
43
The defence mechanism of ________ is used to associated themselves with powerful and successful individuals
Identification
44
______ consists of disavowing certain facts, from failure to see reality to distorting one’s memory
Denial
45
The only defence mechanism that children have is _____
denial
46
______: tension reduction (to release this tension or anxiety)
Catharsis
47
__________ Theory: hypnotised people experience a division of their consciousness; one part becomes an altered state, the other stays fully aware
Neodissociation
48
What are the three variables and one trait that predict how responsive an individual is to hypnotic suggestion?
Expectancy, motivation, attitude; Absorption
49
Who was the first member of the psychoanalytic group to break with Freud?
Alfred Adler
50
What was the name of Alfred Adler's new psychological branch?
Individual Psychology
51
According to Adler, Striving for superiority begins with feelings of _________
inferiority
52
A high level of _______ can result in an inferiority complex: a belief that an individual has that they are vastly inferior to everyone else
inferiority
53
What were the two negative parental behaviours Adler identified?
Pampering and Neglect
54
Adler believed that Birth _____ influenced personality development
Order
55
Carl Jung Identified the ________ ________ : consists of thoughts and images that are difficult to bring into awareness
Collective Unconscious
56
The collective unconscious is made up of ______ images
primordial
57
Primordial images are collective referred to as ______
archetypes
58
The ____ is the feminine side of the male; the _____ is the masculine side of the female
anima; animus
59
What is the name of Jung's unconscious that essentially contains our negativity ?
The Shadow
60
What has Eriksons approach to personality been called?
Ego psychology
61
According to Erikson, the principle function of the ego is to establish and maintain a sense of _______
identity
62
According to Horney, _______ are trapped in a self defeating interpersonal style
Neurotics
63
What were the two main contributions to psychoanalysis bu Karen Horney?
Neurosis and Feminine Psychology
64
Neurotics are fighting off feelings of ________ and _______
insecurity ; inadequacy
65
Horney stated that Neurotic personality types were nurtured by disturbed interpersonal relationships during __________
Childhood
66
What were the three interaction styles of Neurotics identified by Horney?
Moving toward people; Moving against people; Moving away from people
67
Moving ______ people
Moving ______ people;
Moving away from people; are the three interaction styles of neutrotics identified by Horney
Toward; Against
68
According to Freud, religious behaviour represents a form of ______
neurosis
69
Jung stated that each of us inherit a God _______ in our collective unconscious
archtype
70
Topographical Model
• __________Thought
• ___________ mind
• ___________ Mind: material here cannot be brought to immediate awareness
Conscious ; Preconscious; Unconscious
71
1. __ : the only personality structure present at birth operates on the pleasure principle, “I want something and I want it now!”
Id
72
2. ____: mediates the demands of the id and superego, works of the reality principle
Ego
73
3. _______: formed around 5 years of age. Representation of society’s and parental standards and values (Moral)
Superego
74
The _________ enforces rules, but could produce anxiety as it always strives for perfection
superego
75
* Two subsystems of superego : ego ______: rules of behaviour and standards of excellence that the superego attempts to adhere to
* __________: constitutes rules about what is bad behaviour
ideal; Conscience
76
Moral Anxiety: is caused by the _________ being too powerful
superego
77
Freud suggested that everyone is born with a certain amount of ______ energy
psychic
78
________: term used to describe psychic energy used to satisfy the need
Cathexis
79
_________: Energy used to precent a cathexis which is deem undesirable and would result in anxiety
Anticathexis
80
________ (eros): life or sexual instinct which drives most of our behaviour (all actions concerned with pleasure)
Libido
81
________: Death instinct
Thanatos
82
Freud believed that we all had an unconscious desire to die and return to the earth, and the socially appropriate way to express this was _________
Aggression
83
An important function of the ____ is to employ defense mechanisms
ego
84
________ Anxiety: occurs when unconscious thought are close to becoming conscious
Neurotic
85
__________: The most important: the ego’s efforts to put material out of conscious awareness
Repression
86
____________: The most productive: Channelling impulses into socially acceptable actions
Sublimation
87
____________: Also channels impulses, but no social rewards, phobias were seen as symbolic displacements
Displacement
88
_________: Denial of reality (will not accept certain facts exist)
Denial
89
_______ ________: Acting in an opposite what to threatening impulse (the reaction is exaggerated)
Reaction Formation
90
____________: Dealing with the threatening impulse in an unemotional manner
Intellectualisation
91
__________: when we repress the source of anxiety and see them in others
Projection
92
______ _________: Extreme form of avoiding places and situations which arouse anxiety
Phobic Avoidance
93
___________: Providing a logical reason which reduces anxiety
Rationalisation
94
__________: Returning to an earlier stage in life
Regression
95
__________ _________: Anxiety is converted into psychosomatic symptoms
Conversion Reaction
96
Freud believed that personality formed during the first 5 – 6 years of life divided into ____________ stages
psychosexual
97
Some individuals can become ________ at a particular psychosexual stage
Fixated
98
Oral
| • 0-1 years: Mouth-weaning: fixation can result in an adult oral personality: ___________ need for oral satisfaction)
dependency,
99
Anal
• 18 months-3yrs: Fixation can result in an adult anal personality: Anal ________: perfectionism; Anal-_________ = overly generous
retentive; expulsive
100
Phallic
• 3-6 years: Boys and girls develop sexual attraction for their opposite-sex parents (________ complex). Which is never fully resolved but just repressed
Oedipus
101
Boys develop _________ anxiety and girls develop penis envy
castration
102
Reaction formation leads to ____________ with the same-sex parent: this is important for the development of the superego
identification
103
Latency Period
| • 6-________: No specific erogenous zone; Libido energy is sublimated
puberty
104
Genital
| • Puberty onwards: ________, mature sexual intimacy (unless large amounts of libido are fixated at earlier stages
Genitals
105
_________: forgetting, slips of the tongue, accidents (could they be because an unconscious impulses drives)
Parapraxes
106
It is the goal of ___________ therapy to bring the unconscious so that it can be examined and resolved
psychoanalysis
107
____ ________: speaking freely without any distractions to reveal previously hidden material
Free Association
108
__________: when a client “forgets” an appointment, is actually a defense mechanism
Resistance
109
______ _________: the road to unconscious, we use symbolic substitutes in our dreams to replace the anxiety provoking stimulus
Dream Interpretation
110
Contain ________ content: what the dreamer remembers, and l________ content, what the dream is really about
manifest; Latent
111
In Freud’s model, hypnosis is when the _____ is suspended leaving a direct link to the unconscious, but there are other views
ego
112
_____________ theory: whilst part of the mind enters the ‘trance’ like state, there is always a hidden observer
Neodissociation
113
Not all individuals are equally responsive to hypnosis. If you score high on __________ you would likely be responsive to hypnosis
absorption
114
What are some strengths of Freud's theory?
* Description: good descriptions of origins of personality and the complexity of personality structure
* Explanation: some concepts, such as defense mechanisms offer explanations of behaviour
* Empirical Validity and Testable Concepts: some research supports certain ideas, such as anal and oral personality types, dream contents, and defense mechanisms
* Comprehensiveness: Yes!
* Heuristic Value: definitely, stimulated a lot of research
* Applied Value: Freud’s work led to the treatment of other people with mental disorders in a more humane way
115
What are some criticism?
* Parsimony: is our behaviour really motivated by two instincts? Too parsimonious
* Testable Concepts: lack of scientific supports, not very operationalised concepts, environment overlooked, overemphasis of sex, sexist, time-consuming and expensive.
116
_________ theory emphasises the role of the ego; some focus on the operation of the ego, some focus on how the ego interacts with, and is affected by, other individuals/society/culture
Neoanalytic
117
Neoanalytic personality assessment involves personal _________
narratives
118
Psyche = _________
personality
119
_______: driving force of the psyche, but unlike Freud’s theory, can be directed to numerous things to meet needs
Libido
120
Principle of equivalence: fixed amount of ________
energy
121
Principle of _______: hard to achieve balance across the elements of the psyche
entropy
122
Principle of opposites: polarities of human __________
experience
123
__________ unconscious: inherited images and experiences that result from common experiences to all humans. It also includes universal symbols which are responsible for responding in certain ways to things; these are called ___________
Collective; Archetypes
124
Some Jungian Archetypes
• ________: Mask, helps us deal with other people in socially appropriate ways
• ________: Repressed material within the personal unconscious and images of evil from the collective unconscious and is expressed in anger, pain
• A______: feminine qualities of the male and is the prototype for female relationships (helps to understand women)
• A______: masculine qualities of the female and is the prototype for relationships with males
• Self: potential we have to achieve our unique individuality
Persona; Shadow; anima; animus
125
The Meyers-Briggs Test Indicator was developed to assess the personality types described by ______
Jung
126
Who De-emphasised sexual motivation and emphasised: Behaviour motivated by striving for superiority; importance of social interest; importance of parents ?
Alfred Adler
127
______ ______ believed much of adult behaviour is based on efforts to overcome basic _______ acquired in childhood (fear of being alone and helpless in a hostile world; fear leads to neurotic needs; minimised by being raised with trust love, love, warmth, and tolerance)
Karen Horney; anxiety
128
Horney rejected that penis envy was wrong and developed ______ envy: men try and compensate for their ability to carry children and give birth by seeking to achieve in other areas
womb
129
Neurotic individuals try and avoid experiences, which may cause anxiety by adopting a particular style of dealing with people (Moving _______ people; Moving ______ people; moving ______ from people).
toward; against; away
130
If the superego is to powerful, someone might experience ______ ________
Moral anxiety
131
What are the two sub levels of the superego?
Ego ideal; and Conscience
132
what is the most productive defence mechanism?
Sublimation
133
When does the phallic stage occur? what age?
3-6 years
134
According to Freud, children in the ______ stage are 3-6 years old
phallic
135
What is the major event during the phallic stage?
The Oedipus complex
136
What defence mechanism leads to identification with the opposite sex parent during the Oedipus complex?
Reaction formation
137
Anxiety that is converted into psychosomatic symptoms is a part of which defence mechanism?
Conversion reaction
138
```
The R_______ type
The A________ type
The G_________ type
The S________ U_______ type
are the 4 Adlerian Personality Types
```
Ruling; Avoiding; Getting; Socially Useful
139
Out of the Alderian personality types, which was the healthly one?
The Socially Useful Type
140
The ____ measures needs and motives and as such fits into the dispositional perspective
TAT
141
The TAT draws heavily on the psychoanalytic concept of the _________
unconscious
142
The TAT is always an (nomothetic/ideographic)
Ideographic
143
Can the TAT reveal underlying attitudes of optimism or pessimism?
Yes it can.
144
According to Freud, which is the only personality structure present at birth?
The Id
145
What are the two subsystems of the superego?
The ego ideal; the conscience
146
What is the energy being used to satisfy a need called?
Cathexis
147
What is the name of the psychic energy that the ego would use to stop the id's desire?
Anticathexis
148
A problem with ______'s psychosexual stages is that there is no room for growth or change later on
Freud's
149
According to Freud, an individual that has a _____ personality tends to be dependent on others,
oral
150
Which psychosexual fixation is associated with being messy and disorganised? and what is the opposite?
Anal expulsive; Anal retentive
151
Libido energy is sublimated during which psychosexual stage?
The Latency period (6-puberty)
152
Forgetting; Freudian slips; and accidents are also known as ________
parapraxes
153
What happens in counter transference?
The therapist displaces their own feelings onto the client
154
Research has found that each of us rely on some defence mechanisms more than others, this is known as our ________ _______
defensive style
155
Defensive style may also have implications for how people react to common sources of ______
stress
156
_______ jokes - the ones that provide insight into the unconscious of the joke tell as well as the person who laughs
tendentious jokes
157
If you had the ability to become highly involved in sensory and imaginative stimuli you wold likely be high in ________
Absorption
158
A_______
M_______
E________
Ab________
are variables in an individual's susceptibility to hypnosis
attitude;
Motivation;
Expectancy
absorption
159
The polarities of human experience is known as the principle of _______
opposites
160
Hard to achieve balance across the elements of the psyche is known as the principle of __________
Entropy
161
______ feminine qualities of the male and prototype for female relationships
anima
162
_______ masculine qualities of the female and prototype for male relationships
animus
163
The _____ was developed to assess the personality types described by Jung
MBTI
164
What is the single motivating force described by Adler?
striving for superiority
165
Who should have higher feelings of inferiority according to Adler, the first or second born?
the first born, as they are dethroned from their pampered existence
166
What are the four Adlerian personality types?
The ruling type; the getting type; the socially useful type; and the avoiding type
167
According to Erikson, the principle function of the ____ is to establish and maintain a sense of identity
ego
168
According to Horney, what is the key characteristic of neurotics?
That they are trapped in a self-defeating interpersonal style
169
Although Freud stated neurosis in terms of fixate energy and unconscious battles; Horney pointed to disturbed interpersonal relationships during __________
childhood
