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Psych 1A* > Week 7 - Learning > Flashcards

Week 7 - Learning Flashcards

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1
Q

Simple form of learning

A

Habituation

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2
Q

Occurs when a stimulus is presented repeatedly and the response weakens

A

Habituation

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3
Q

Russian physiologist - Pavlov provided theoretical basis for____

A

Classical conditioning

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4
Q

The _____ involuntarily elicits the UCR

A

Unconditioned stimulus
i,.e food, puff in the eye, hot stove

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5
Q

The ____ is an innate or unlearned response to

A

Unconditioned response
is a reflex and response of autonomic nervous system

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6
Q

Starts as a neutral event (does not elicit UCR)

A

Conditioned stimulus
i.e. bell, buzzer, electric can opener

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7
Q

the ___ is a learnt response to the CS

A

Conditioned Response

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8
Q

Occurs because the UCS and CS were paired

A

Conditioned Response

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9
Q

A phobia is an excessive and irrational fear of an object, place or situation

A

excessive and irrational

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10
Q

Reinforcement

A

The actual pairing of the two stimuli - CS & UCS

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11
Q

Several pairings of CS & UCS are usually needed before CR is fully developed

A

Acquisition

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12
Q

Repeatedly presenting CS without UCS

A

Extinction

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13
Q

Conditioned responses reappear, is never permanently destroyed

A

Spontaneous Recovery

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14
Q

Most similar stimuli will elicit most CRs (conditioned responses)

A

Generalisation

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15
Q

Opposite of generalization, subject learns to respond to one stimulus only

A

Discrimination

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16
Q

Classical conditioning: What is the response

A

Unconditioned response UCR

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17
Q

Classical Conditioning: What originally caused the response?

A

Unconditioned stimulus UCS

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18
Q

Classical Conditioning: What is causing the response?

A

NS/CS Neutral stimulus / conditioned stimulus

19
Q

Classical Conditioning: What is the learned response?

A

Conditioned response CR

20
Q

Reinforcer after fixed number of non-reinforced responses

A

Fixed Ratio

21
Q

reinforcer given after variable number of non-reinforced responses (pokie machines)

A

Variable Ratio

22
Q

Reinforces first response after a fixed period of time has elapsed

A

Fixed Interval

23
Q

Reinforces first response after a variable period time has elapsed

A

Variable Interval

24
Q

Operant conditioning: Initial stage of learning a new pattern of responding - gradual process

A

Acquisitioning

25
Q

Operant conditioning: Needed if organism does not, on its own emit the desired response. Need to teach/shape that behaviour.

A

Shaping

26
Q

Operant conditioning: Procedure involves no longer following the operant response with a reinforcer

A

Extinction

27
Q

Operant conditioning: Occurs if the organism still makes responses after reinforcement has stopped

A

Resistance to extinction

28
Q

Operant conditioning; After session of extinction and time away from Skinner box, the extinguished bar response may reappear

A

Spontaneous recovery

29
Q

Operant conditioning: Generalization

A

Responses made in presence of stimuli that are similar to original discriminative stimulus used in conditioning

30
Q

Operant conditioning: Discrimination

A

Involves lack of response to stimuli similar, has to be exact.

31
Q

Operant conditioning: A positive outcome is more likely to strengthen a response if it immediately follows the response

A

Delayed reinforcement

32
Q

Operant conditioning: After repeated pairings with a primary reinforcer (unconditioned) a secondary reinforcer (conditioned) can also act as a reinforcer

A

Conditioned reinforcement

33
Q

+ adding something nice, given a reward

A

Positive reinforcement

34
Q

+ giving something unpleasant

A

Positive punishment

35
Q
  • Take something nice away
A

Negative punishment

36
Q
  • remove a horrible stimulus
A

Negative reinforcement

37
Q

Is a learning process that occurs when two stimuli are paired together repeatedly.

A

classical conditioning

38
Q

is a method of learning that employs rewards and punishments for behavior

A

Operant conditioning

39
Q

Reinforcement Schedules
ratio denotes the ______

A

amount

40
Q

Reinforcement Schedules
Interval denotes the ______

A

time

41
Q

Albert Bandura, proposed that learning occurs through observation, imitation, and modeling and is influenced by factors such as attention, motivation, attitudes, and emotions. What theory is this?

A

Social Learnign theory

42
Q

Token economy is used for _______

A

behavior modification

43
Q

4 necessary components for successful modelling: Social Learning Theory

A
  1. Attention to the modelled response
  2. Retention in memory of the modelled response
  3. Motor reproduction ability to carry out the modelled response
  4. Motivation or incentive to display the modelling response

Psych 1A* (9 decks)

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