Week 4 - States of Consciousness Flashcards
States that occur spontaneously
daydreaming
hallucinations, orgasm, food or oxygen starvation
Physio-logically induced
sensory deprivation, hypnosis and meditation
Psycho-logically induced
_____refers to the process by which we focus our conscious awareness
Attention
______has been likened to a filter through which only important information passes.
Attention
_____ _______ focus of our conscious awareness on a particular stimulus
Selective attention
Studied through dichotic listening tasks
Divided attention
Refers to a task in which a person is asked to attended to two task at the same time
Divided attention
Conscious can be measured through self-report questionnaires, brain imaging techniques and behavioural observation.
TRUE or FALSE
True
The normal flow of consciousness can be measured via experience sampling techniques such as beeper studies.
TRUE or FALSE
True
conscious (subjectively aware), pre-conscious(processes which are not presently conscious) and unconscious (kept from threat) is the ______ perspective
Psychodynamic
_______unconscious focuses on information processing such as procedural knowledge and implicit memory
Cognitive
_______ perspective: consciousness is considered analogous to a continuously moving video camera - surveying perceptions , thoughts, emotions goals.
Behavioural
________ perspective: consciousness evolved as a mechanism for directing behaviour in adaptive ways - related to primitive psychology processes such as conditioning.
Evolutionary
Sleep cycles are goverend by ____ _____
circadian rhythms
Most dreaming occurs in REM
TRUE or FALSE
True
_______ states of consciousness - the usual conscious is altered through, hypnosis, drugs, meditation
Altered
deep state of tranquility by altering normal flow of conscious thoughts
Meditation
deep relaxing and suggestibility
Hypnosis
alcohol/depressants/stimulants - that operate on the nervous system to alter mental activity
Psychoactive substances
when you hear certain notes/sounds corresponding colours appear . Feeling emotions when seeing numbers or letters.
Synaesthete
Two functions of the consciousness
monitors self and environment
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex - exerting conscious control (involved in working memory and conscious) is activated when people exercise ________ control
conscious
Anterior cingulate (monitors conflicts)is activated during this task
Stroop colour naming task
when you divert information that may be relevant but find it emotionally upsetting.
Selective attention
following two conversations is an example of divided _______
attention
divert information that may be relevant but emotionally upsetting, a process is called ______ _______
selective inattention
Attention consist of 3 functions
- Orienting to sensory stimuli
- Controlling behaviour and the contents of consciousness
- Maintaining alertness
used to study normal flow of consciousness
Experience sampling
Thalamus and pre frontal cortex play a role in shining a conscious spotlight on _______ , _______ and perceptions
thought’s, feelings and perceptions
We cycle through these stages every _____ minutes and it may shorten as we age
90
stages 3-4
low wave (delta sleep) - waves are known as delta waves - groggy to wake up people up in these stages
easy to wake up delta - slow eye rolling movements, high level of chin movement
Stage 1
low amplitude waves known as sleep spindles and high wave amplitudes known as K-complexes, lower amplitude in the chin - 20 mins in stage
Stage 2
brain is active -dreaming stage - rapid eye movements
REM
How much sleep do we need?
7-9 hrs
Sleep deprivation can cause:
Depression
Weight gain
Suppression of immune cells
Poor Performance
Regulated by the brains suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN)
Links to the pineal gland, which secrets melatonin
Circadian Rhythms
______ neurons are active during the daytime and inactive at night
suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN)
The natural alarm clock which enable us to wake up is caused by a burst of the stress hormone adrenocorticotropin
TRUE or FALSE
True
Circadian rhythm is controlled largely by the _________ but is largley influenced by light
hypothalamus
melatonin levels diminish during daylight
TRUE or FALSE
True
Hypnotic susceptibility
the capacity to enter deep hypnotic states
disrupts the flow of consciousness
Meditation - relaxation practice - state of tranquillity
deep relaxation and suggestibility
Hypnosis
any drug that operates on the nervous system to alter patterns of mental activity
Psychoactive substances
__________ are chemical substances that carry messages to other neurons, muscles or glands.
Neurotransmitters
________ - a drug that increases the activity of a neurotransmitter
Agonist
________ - drug that inhibit or decreases the action of a neurotransmitter
Antagonist
reactions opposite to that of the drug; increase tolerance
Compensatory responses
decreasing responsiveness to a drug overtime
Tolerance
Increase alertness, energy and autonomic reactivity - heart rate and blood pressure
Stimulants
amphetamines - cocaine
sensations and perceptions that occur in the absence of external stimulation.
Hallucinogens
drugs that operate on the nervous system to alter mental activity
psychoactive substances
coffee, nicotine, cocaine and heroin
Slows down the nervous system
Alcohol & depressants
downers such as barbiturates and benzodiazepine
a mental state of consciousness fully absorbed in the activity
Flow
