Week 2 - Research Methods Flashcards
Average
Mean
Centre of Distibution
Median
The value that appears the most
Mode
two variables are interconnected; we cannot determine which one has influenced a dependent variable
Confounding variable
change in behaviour because of expectations
Placebo effect
Summaries data
descriptive statistics
shows how frequent participants receive each of the many possible scores
Frequency distribution
provides an index of the way typical participants respond on a measure
Central tendency
describes how much the average person deviates from the mean
Standard deviation
scores of most participants fall in the middle of the bell-shaped distribution
Normal distribution
A quasi-experimental design:
Select one:
a. is useful if an experimental design is impractical.
b. takes advantage of natural groups as they exist in nature.
c. both a and b.
d. neither a nor b.
C - both a and b.
When experiments are impractical, psychologists sometimes employ quasi-experimental designs, which share the logic and many features of the experimental method but do not allow as much control over all relevant variables.
A stratified random sample reflects:
the proportion drawn from each population category.
If I perform some statistics on the data that I have gathered, and those statistics merely summarise the findings, I must have used:
Descriptive statistics
are the first step in understanding a data set and summarise their essential features
_________ statistics apply more complex statistical tests in order to draw inferences from the sample to the population.
inferential statistics
Each participant experiences every condition
Each person is tested at every level of exposure of the IV
This design does not include a control group
Each participant is their own control group
Within- group
Every participant experiences only one condition and assessment is made on group difference between participants in various conditions
Between-Group
The further away the odds ratio is from 1.0 the _____ the association.
Stronger
If the confidence interval range for the odds ratio does not include 1 (eg. 1.7, 5.2) this would be considered statistically ______
Significant
Stats that summarise and describe data
Histogram
Probability value = p = psych’s will accept p values that fall below 0.5. TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
ANOVA
Analysis of variance
Assesses the likelihood that difference in means among groups occurred by chance or examines the extent to which a variation in scores is attributable to the independent variable
ANOVA - analysis of variance
Compares the observed data with the results that would be expected by chance and tests the likelihood that differences observed and expected are accidental
Chi-square test (Χ²)
