Week 2 - Research Methods Flashcards

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1
Q

Average

A

Mean

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2
Q

Centre of Distibution

A

Median

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3
Q

The value that appears the most

A

Mode

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4
Q

two variables are interconnected; we cannot determine which one has influenced a dependent variable

A

Confounding variable

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5
Q

change in behaviour because of expectations

A

Placebo effect

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6
Q

Summaries data

A

descriptive statistics

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7
Q

shows how frequent participants receive each of the many possible scores

A

Frequency distribution

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8
Q

provides an index of the way typical participants respond on a measure

A

Central tendency

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9
Q

describes how much the average person deviates from the mean

A

Standard deviation

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10
Q

scores of most participants fall in the middle of the bell-shaped distribution

A

Normal distribution

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11
Q

A quasi-experimental design:
Select one:

a. is useful if an experimental design is impractical.

b. takes advantage of natural groups as they exist in nature.

c. both a and b.

d. neither a nor b.

A

C - both a and b.
When experiments are impractical, psychologists sometimes employ quasi-experimental designs, which share the logic and many features of the experimental method but do not allow as much control over all relevant variables.

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12
Q

A stratified random sample reflects:

A

the proportion drawn from each population category.

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13
Q

If I perform some statistics on the data that I have gathered, and those statistics merely summarise the findings, I must have used:

A

Descriptive statistics
are the first step in understanding a data set and summarise their essential features

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14
Q

_________ statistics apply more complex statistical tests in order to draw inferences from the sample to the population.

A

inferential statistics

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15
Q

Each participant experiences every condition
Each person is tested at every level of exposure of the IV
This design does not include a control group
Each participant is their own control group

A

Within- group

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16
Q

Every participant experiences only one condition and assessment is made on group difference between participants in various conditions

A

Between-Group

17
Q

The further away the odds ratio is from 1.0 the _____ the association.

A

Stronger

18
Q

If the confidence interval range for the odds ratio does not include 1 (eg. 1.7, 5.2) this would be considered statistically ______

A

Significant

19
Q

Stats that summarise and describe data

A

Histogram

20
Q

Probability value = p = psych’s will accept p values that fall below 0.5. TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

21
Q

ANOVA

A

Analysis of variance

22
Q

Assesses the likelihood that difference in means among groups occurred by chance or examines the extent to which a variation in scores is attributable to the independent variable

A

ANOVA - analysis of variance

23
Q

Compares the observed data with the results that would be expected by chance and tests the likelihood that differences observed and expected are accidental

A

Chi-square test (Χ²)