Week 1 - Intro into Psych Flashcards
The process of looking inward and reporting on ones conscious experience
Introspection
Known as the father of psychology
William Wundt
Attempts to uncover the basic elements of consciousness through introspection
Structuralism
Functionalism
Attempts to explain psychological processes in terms of the role, or function, they serve.
A broad system of theoretical assumptions that a scientific community uses to make sese of its domain study.
Paradigm
Unconscious process, Mental events occur outside of conscious awareness
Psychodynamic theory - Sigmund Freud
Focuses on the way people perceive, process and retrieve information
Cognitive perspective - Wundt and Gestalt
Focuses on the way objects, events in the environment (stimuli) come to control behaviour through learning.
Behavioralist - Pavlov and Skinner
Evolutionary perspective
Evolutionary perspective is a way of understanding human behavior and mind based on evolution and survival - natural selection, reproducing
Humanistic perspective
emphasizes looking at the whole person, and the uniqueness of each individual. Humanistic psychology begins with the existential assumptions that people have free will and are motivated to achieve their potential and self-actualize.
Self actualization
the realization or fulfilment of one’s talents and potential
Human centered approach
human centered approach emphasis on empathy, acceptance and respect
Nature vs nurture
biology vs environmental influence
Angela is a cognitive psychologist. As a cognitive psychologist she
infers mental processes from experimental data
Behaviourists are not comfortable with studying mental events such as thoughts or feelings because:
Select one:
a. they cannot be independently verified because they are not directly observable.
b. they are unpredictable.
c. they are complicated.
d. they are available through introspection.
a. they cannot be independently verified because they are not directly observable.
Diane is keeping an in-depth record of her conscious awareness including sensation, images, feelings, and thoughts that she is aware of experiencing. Diane is practising what Wundt would call:
Introspection;
In his attempt to understand the elementary units of human consciousness, Wundt and his students used the method of introspection which involved trained subjects looking inward and reporting on their immediate conscious experiences.
My essay examines the relationship between conscious awareness and unconscious mental forces being analogous to the visible tip of an iceberg and the vast, submerged hulk that lies out of sight beneath the water. This notion best fits with which of the following perspectives?
Psychodynamic
Although I ran an elegant study which produced significant differences between groups in my lab, my results don’t actually predict what people do in the real world. My study is very low in:
Select one:
a. external validity.
b. practicality.
c. test-retest reliability.
d. criterion validity.
a. external validity. External validity refers to the soundness of a study, and in particular, the extent to which the findings can be generalised beyond the initial setting.
This perspective represents an optimistic view of human experience
Humanistic - Abraham Maslow & Carl Rogers
