Week 7 Key Points Ppt Flashcards
Down syndrome findings
Small round head,
Flatten forehead,
Upward, outward slant to eyes,
Protruding tongue
Incurving fifth finger (clinodactyly)
Transverse Palmer crease
Down syndrome nursing interventions
Assist parents with feeding difficulties,
Assess developmental progress at regular intervals ( check developmental milestones)
Swaddle the infant to prevent heat loss due to limp extended body position
What kind of infection is common with down syndrome children?
Respiratory infections are common due to decreased muscle tone and impaired drainage of mucus.
To assist: Rinse child’s mouth out after feeding and PRN to prevent drying
-provide coolmist humidification to moisten secretions
-Clear nasal passages with bulb syringe as needed
Autism spectrum disorder
Complex neurodevelopmental disorder with a spectrum of behaviors affecting an individuals ability to communicate and interact with others in a social setting
Autism expected findings
Delays in social interaction, social communication, and imaginative play prior to three years of age
Distress when ones routines are changed
Unusual attachment to objects
Inability to start or continue conversations
Using gestures instead of words
Delayed or absent language
Withdrawn moods and lack of empathy
Avoiding eye contact 
Echolalia
Repeating what they hear
(Autistic children)
Autism nursing interventions
Introduce child to new situations or routine slowly
Monitor for behavioral changes
Set clear rules and realistic goals
Medication’s for autism
SSRIs can help decrease aggression
Antipsychotics and melatonin can help with insomnia
- Aripiprazole
-Risperidone 
Alternative medicine for autism
Parent massage,
Therapeutic horseback riding,
Implementation of elimination diets
Meningocele findings
Sac contains spinal fluid and meninges
 increases risk for infection if it ruptures
Typically no neurological defects
Myelomeningocele (Most common)
The sack contain spinal fluid, meninges, and nerves
Failure of the NT to close causes decrease motor and sensory function
Neural tube defects expected findings
Family history of neural tube defects
- Take 4 mg of Folic acid before conception and during the first trimester
Neural tube defects/myelomeningocele nursing interventions
Assess head circumference and fontanelles
Assess the sack and initiate measures to prevent infection
Protect the sacrum injury and place the newborn in prone position (do not put diaper over the defect)
Apply a sterile, moist, nonadhering dressing with 0.9% normal saline on the sack and change every two hours
Having a neural tube defect/myelomeningocele increases the risk for what?
Risk for development of hydrocephalus
Client education for neural tube defect/myelomeningocele allergies
Education on increased risk for latex allergy
-Linked to bananas, Kiwi, avocados
-Itching, wheezing, which can progress to anaphylaxis
-Allergy testing
- Avoid exposure to latex (like balloons)
Demonstrate bladder catheterization
Infants Manifestations of ICP caused by shunt malfunction or hydrocephalus
High-pitched cry,
Irritability,
Bulging fontanelles (increased head circumference),
Vomiting
Child manifestations of ICP caused by Shunt malfunction or hydrocephalus
Headaches, seizures, decreased performance of previously learned tasks
Nausea and vomiting, double vision, decreased LOC
Expected findings of hip dysplasia
Positive Ortolani test performed by provider
-Hip is reduced by abduction
Positive Barlow test performed by the provider
-Hip is dislocated by adduction
One leg shorter than the other, Unequal folds of gluteal skin
Walking on toes of 1 foot
Walking with a limp
Pavlik harness considerations
Perform neurovascular in skin integrity checks frequently
Educate parents to not adjust the straps on the harness
Educate the family on proper skin care with use of harness
-Use an undershirt, wear knee socks, gently massage skin under straps, avoid lotions and powders, put diaper under straps
Bryant traction
Skin traction
Hips flex at a 90° angle with the buttocks raised off the bed
Bryant traction nursing actions
Neurovascular checks, check for weak or absent pulses
Maintain tractions and provide frequent skin care
Hip spica cast Nursing actions
Needs to be changed to accommodate growth
Perform ROM on unaffected extremities
assess and maintain the hip spica cast
Perform frequent neurovascular checks
Cast client education
Position cast on pillows
Keep the cats elevated until dry
-change position frequently to allow for drying
Note color and temperature of toes on casted extremities
Do you have a sponge bath to avoid wedding the cast
Use waterproof barrier around opening of cast to prevent spoiling with feces or urine
Nursing actions for cast
Monitor neurovascular changes; tingling, numbness, and decrease cap refill time, mobility and sensation
Reposition the child frequently
Monitor bowel and bladder elimination (absence of vowel sounds/distention)
-Maintain a high fiber and encourage adequate hydration diet
Report any foul odor noted from cast or urine, looseness of cast, and drainage from under the cast

Scoliosis risk factors
Genetic tendency
More common in females
Highest incidence between 8 and 15 years of age
Scoliosis expected findings
Asymmetry in the scapula, ribs, flanks, shoulders and hips
Improperly fitting clothing (one leg shorter than the other)
Diagnostic procedures for scoliosis
Screen during pre-adolescence for boys and girls
- Observe the child will only wearing underwear from the back
- Have the child bend over from the waist with arms hanging down and observe for symmetry of the ribs and flank
