Week 2, Class 2 (9/8) Flashcards
What are the stages of play?
Unoccupied, solitary, onlooker, parallel, associative, and cooperative.
U SO PAC
Unoccupied stage of play
0-3 months
Random movements with no purpose. First development of play.
Solitary stage of play
0-2 years, infant
Independent play. Child entertaining themselves.
Onlooker stage of play.
2 years, infant
Observes others play without joining in.
Parallel stage of play
2-3 years, toddler
Plays alongside others but engages in their own play.
Associative stage of play
2-3 years, preschooler
Children play separately from each other but still make social contact by talking, sharing, and doing the same activity
Cooperative stage of play
4-6 years, school-age
Child plays in pairs or groups doing the same activity, with similar goals.
Increased BMI increases the risk for what diseases among children?
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, HTN, Dyslipedemia.
What does WET FROG stand for?
Wheezing, Effort, Tachypnea
Flaring, Retractions, Oxygenation, Grunting.
Acute Streptococcal Pharyngitis
Infection of upper airway.
Assessment findings for Acute Streptococcal Pharyngitis
Abrupt onset characterized by HA, fever, abdominal pain, and pharyngitis.
Tonsils and pharynx can become inflamed and covered with exudate.
How to test for Acute Streptococcal Pharyngitis
Rapid antigen testing or throat culture.
Treatment for Acute Streptococcal Pharyngitis
Penicillin or Erythromycin. Need 10 day treatment to decrease risk for complications
Acute Streptococcal Pharyngitis increases risk for ?
Acute rheumatic fever, acute glomerulonephritis, scarlet fever.
Tonsillitis assessment findings
Persistent or recurrent sore throat
Enlarged bright red tonsils
Difficulty swallowing
Fever
Cough
Unpleasant odor on the breath
Adenoiditis assessment findings
Nasally speech
Mouth breathing
Hearing difficulties
Snoring or obstructive sleep disorders
Nursing considerations for Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy before surgery
Watch for signs of an active infection
*Assess the child for loose teeth to decrease the risk of aspiration during surgery.
Considerations for Tonsillectomy and Adeniodectomy after surgery
DO NOT SUCTION unless air way is obstructed
*Watch for signs of hemorrhage (excessive swallowing, restlessness, increased pulse, decreased BP, vomiting of bright red blood)
Place child in PRONE or side lying position. Increase HOB when awake
Keep throat moist with ice chips and sips of water
Discourage coughing or clearing of the throat
Considerations for Tonsillectomy and Adeniodectomy after surgery (cont.)
Provide clear, cool, non-carbonated and non citrus fluids
AVOID milk products and red liquids
Epiglottis is what kind of situation?
Emergent situation
Prepare for possible intubation
Maintain NPO status
Epiglottis assessment findings
Tripod positioning
High fever
Inflamed/ sore throat
Drooling
Muffled voice
Retractions and inspiratory stridor
Nursing considerations for Epiglottis
Maintain a patent airway
* Ensure child is up to date with immunizations (Hib)
NO oral temperature or throat cultures
NPO status
CROUP assessment findings
- Inspiratory stridor and retractions *
Low grade to high fever
Hoarseness
Seal bark
Brassy cough
Crackles and wheezing on auscultation
CROUP nursing considerations
*Cool mist humidifier
IV fluids to maintain hydration (if needed)
DO NOT give cough syrups or cold medications
CROUP treatment
Administer bronchodilators and corticosteroids
*Heliox (mix of helium and oxygen) helps reduce work of breathing
Peak age for RSV
3 months of age
RSV precautions
Contact precautions if secretions are present
If no secretions droplet precautions
RSV Assessment findings
Intermittent fevers
Tachypnea, nasal flaring, and retractions
Upper respiratory infection symptoms
Lethargy, poor feeding, irritability in infants
Pharyngitis
Coughing
Wheezing
Sneezing
RSV Considerations
Position 30-45° angle with neck slightly extended
Periodic suctioning with bulb syringe
Encourage fluids
What is it called when you put two patients with the same disease in the same room?
Cohort
Prevention/treatment of RSV
- Administer palivizumab (Synagis)
Encourage breast feeding to increase immunity
