Week 3, Class 1 (9/13) Flashcards

1
Q

What causes Asthma?

A

Physical or chemical irritants

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2
Q

Common triggers of asthma

A

Foods, pollen, smoke, animal dander, temperature changes, respiratory infection, activity, stress

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3
Q

Most common symptom of asthma

A

Coughing in the absence of respiratory infection

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4
Q

Asthma assessment findings

A

Episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, nightly or early morning cough
Itching of the neck or upper back
Exacerbations
Exercise induced bronchospasm
Severe spasm or obstruction (inaudibly of breath sounds in crackles, ineffective coughs)

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5
Q

Status asthmatics treatment

A

Albuterol
IV Magnesium sulfate
Heliox
Corticosteroid

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6
Q

Management of acute asthma episodes

A

1st) administer quick relief medication‘s (albuterol)
2nd) Monitory respiratory status. Pulse oximeter readings in color. Watch for silent chest or decreased wheezing

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7
Q

Asthma medication types

A

Quick relief: tx Symptoms and exacerbations
Long-term: Maintain control of inflammation or achieve bronchodilation 

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8
Q

What is cystic fibrosis?

A

A chronic multi system genetic disorder characterized by exocrine gland dysfunction
Abnormally thick mucus production causing obstruction of small passageways of the affected organs

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9
Q

Most common deficiency with cystic fibrosis

A

Pancreatic enzyme deficiency. Results in increased sodium and chloride Sweat concentrations

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10
Q

Main diagnostic test for CF

A

Sweat chloride test

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11
Q

CF GI Assessment findings

A

Meconium ileus in newborn
Steatorrhea
Fat soluble vitamin deficiency results and bruising and anemia
Malnutrition and growth failure
At risk for rectal prolapse

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12
Q

CF Integumentary assessment findings

A

High concentrations of sodium and chloride in sweat
Infant taste salty when kissed

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13
Q

What is a normal chloride concentration in sweat?

A

Less than 40 mEq/L

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14
Q

What is a positive result from the sweat chloride test?

A

Chloride concentration greater than 60 mEq/L

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15
Q

Most important interventions/treatment for CF

A

1)Chest physiotherapy
2) Postural drainage
performed every four hours

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16
Q

Why should you avoid giving cough suppressants to a child with CF?

A

They inhibit the expectoration of secretions

17
Q

When do you give pancreatic enzymes to a patient with CF?

A

Before all meals and snacks. DO NOT GIVE IF NPO

18
Q

Diet for CF

A

High protein, high calorie
Increase fat soluble vitamin intake

19
Q

Infectious mononucleosis

A

Epstein-Barr virus. Transmitted through saliva

20
Q

Infectious mononucleosis assessment findings

A

Fever, lethargy, sore throat
Swollen lymph nodes
Increased WBC
Hepatosplenomegaly
Atypical lymphocytes

21
Q

Interventions for infectious mononucleosis

A

Standard precautions
Provide supportive care
Fluids
Frequent rest periods 

22
Q

Pertussis transmission precautions 

A

Droplet precautions

23
Q

Pertussis assessment findings

A

Runny nose, congestion, sneezing, mild fever, mild cough
Coughing fits
“Whooping” sounds upon inspiration

24
Q

Pertussis interventions/prevention

A

DTaP, start giving at 2 months age.
Maternal Tdap in postpartum period
Antibiotics

25
Green peak flow meter zone
80-100% Breathing is fine No signs of an asthma attack
26
Yellow peak flow meter zone
50-80% Breathing is hampered Use rescue medication‘s Recheck peak expiratory flow in 20 to 30 minutes
27
Read peak flow meter zone
Below 50% Breathing is labored or faster than normal Breathlessness is a problem Use quick release medication or nebulizer immediately and call the doctor or 911
28
How to use a MDI with a spacer
1) Shake the medicine, 2) Insert the mouthpiece of the inhaler into the spacer, 3) Breathe all the air out of the lungs and make a tight seal around the spacer, 4) Press the inhaler down and breathe in slowly and deeply, 5) Hold your breath for 5 to 10 seconds. Breathe out slowly
29
Mild persistent asthma management
Low-dose inhaled corticosteroid
30
Mild persistent asthma
>2 nights per month of nighttime symptoms
31
Moderate persistent asthma
>1 Night per week of nighttime symptoms Daily attacks affecting activities
32
Moderate persistent asthma management
Low to medium dose inhaled corticosteroid plus a long acting beta agonist
33
Severe persistent asthma
Frequent nighttime symptoms Continuous Limited physical activity
34
Severe persistent asthma management
High dose inhaled corticosteroid plus long acting beta agonist, Oral anti-inflammatory if needed, Oral glucocorticoid as needed