Week 7 Cardiovascular System Flashcards by Andrew Richards

The Purkinje fibers are indicated by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E

E) Label E

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The sinoatrial (SA) node is indicated by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E

A) Label A

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The atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His) is represented by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E

C) Label C

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The atrioventricular (AV) node is indicated by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E

B) Label B

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The bundle branches are indicated by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E

D) Label D

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The layer of the heart wall that receives the stimulus from letter E is called the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) pericardium
B) epicardium
C) endocardium
D) myocardium

D) myocardium

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The partition where the bundle branches are located is called the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) left atrioventricular groove
B) interatrial septum
C) interventricular septum
D) right atrioventricular groove

C) interventricular septum

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The pointed, inferior portion of the heart, known as the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, rests on the diaphragm and is oriented toward the left hip. 
A) Base
B) Mediastinum
C) Apex
D) Pericardium

C) Apex

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What part of the heart wall is composed of thin endothelium that lines the heart chambers?
A) Epicardium
B) Myocardium
C) Fibrous pericardium
D) Endocardium

D) Endocardium

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The two superior receiving chambers of the heart are known as the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, while the two inferior discharging chambers of the heart are known as the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) ventricles; atria
B) atria; ventricles
C) arteries; veins
D) veins; arteries

B) atria; ventricles

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Which valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle?
A) Pulmonary semilunar valve
B) Tricuspid valve
C) Bicuspid (mitral) valve
D) Aortic semilunar valve

B) Tricuspid valve

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Blood leaves the left ventricle through an artery known as the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) pulmonary trunk
B) aorta
C) superior vena cava
D) coronary sinus

B) aorta

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The transportation of blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart is known as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ circulation.
A) systemic
B) cardiac
C) pulmonary
D) coronary

C) pulmonary

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What are the tiny white cords that anchor the cusps of the heart valves to the walls of the ventricles?
A) Chordae tendineae
B) Ligamentum arteriosum
C) Ductus venosus
D) Myocardium

A) Chordae tendineae

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Which of the following provides the functional blood supply to oxygenate and nourish the myocardium of the heart?
A) Sinoatrial (SA) node
B) Coronary veins
C) Right and left coronary arteries
D) Superior and inferior venae cavae

C) Right and left coronary arteries

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The walls of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are substantially thicker because that chamber acts as the more powerful systemic pump of the heart.
A) left atrium
B) left ventricle
C) right atrium
D) right ventricle

B) left ventricle

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Which valve is closed during heart relaxation to prevent blood from backflowing from the aorta into the heart?
A) Bicuspid (mitral) valve
B) Tricuspid valve
C) Pulmonary semilunar valve
D) Aortic semilunar valve

D) Aortic semilunar valve

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Which of the following is not a major branch of the coronary arteries?
A) Coronary sulcus
B) Marginal artery
C) Circumflex artery
D) Anterior interventricular artery

A) Coronary sulcus

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Which of the following vessels does not return blood to the right atrium of the heart?
A) Pulmonary vein
B) Inferior vena cava
C) Superior vena cava
D) Coronary sinus

A) Pulmonary vein

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Which of the following enforces a contraction rate of 75 beats per minute as the pacemaker of the intrinsic conduction system of the heart?
A) Purkinje fibers
B) Sinoatrial (SA) node
C) Atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His)
D) Atrioventricular (AV) node

B) Sinoatrial (SA) node

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The length of the cardiac cycle is normally \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ second(s) in length.
A) 2
B) 4
C) 0.8
D) 0.3

C) 0.8

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Which wave on the electrocardiogram (ECG) results from the firing of the sinoatrial (SA) 
node?
A) QRS
B) T
C) P
D) S-T

C) P

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The first heart sound, "lub," is caused by the closure of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ valves.
A) semilunar
B) pulmonary
C) atrioventricular (AV)
D) aortic

C) atrioventricular (AV)

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Which term means heart contraction?
A) Diastole
B) Tachycardia
C) Systole
D) Fibrillation

C) Systole

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Which of the following describes atrial diastole? A) Contraction of the atria B) All four heart valves are closed C) Contraction of the ventricles D) Ventricles passively filling with blood

D) Ventricles passively filling with blood

``` Which phase of the cardiac cycle immediately follows the isovolumetric relaxation phase? A) Atrial systole B) Ventricular systole C) Isovolumetric contraction phase D) Atrial diastole ```

D) Atrial diastole

``` What is the volume of blood pumped out of a ventricle with each heartbeat? A) Heart rate (HR) B) Stroke volume (SV) C) Cardiac output (CO) D) Blood pressure (BP) ```

B) Stroke volume (SV)

``` The vagus nerve operates under the control of the parasympathetic nervous system and causes the ________. A) heart rate to decrease B) heart rate to increase, then decrease C) heart rate to increase D) blood pressure to increase ```

A) heart rate to decrease

``` Our vessels lose elasticity as we age, as happens in arteriosclerosis. Which vessel layer is affected? A) Tunica intima B) Tunica externa C) Tunica media D) Tunica adventitia ```

C) Tunica media

``` A phlebotomist places a needle into a vessel to draw blood; this vessel is characterized by thin walls, low pressure, and is a ________. A) pulmonary artery B) terminal arteriole C) vein D) systemic artery ```

C) vein

``` Which vessel drains capillary beds? A) Postcapillary venule B) Precapillary sphincters C) Terminal arterioles D) Systemic arteries ```

A) Postcapillary venule

``` Large veins have ________ to prevent the backflow of blood. A) tunics B) sphincters C) valves D) shunts ```

C) valves

``` What is the flow of blood through a capillary bed called? A) Pulmonary circulation B) Hepatic portal circulation C) Systemic circulation D) Microcirculation ```

D) Microcirculation

``` What is the largest artery in the body? A) Brachiocephalic artery B) Pulmonary trunk C) Aorta D) Common carotid artery ```

C) Aorta

``` As blood flows from the heart to the right thumb, it does not pass through the ________. A) right axillary artery B) right vertebral artery C) right brachial artery D) right radial artery ```

B) right vertebral artery

``` What body region is drained by the great saphenous veins? A) Forearm B) Leg C) Head D) Arm ```

B) Leg

``` Veins draining the head and arms empty into the ________, which carries blood to the right atrium of the heart. A) superior vena cava B) inferior vena cava C) common iliac vein D) great saphenous vein ```

A) superior vena cava

``` The single vessel that drains blood from the digestive tract organs to the liver is the ________. A) hepatic vein B) hepatic portal vein C) renal vein D) inferior vena cava ```

B) hepatic portal vein

``` Which vessel feeds oxygen-rich blood into the cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis) of the brain? A) External carotid artery B) Internal carotid artery C) External iliac artery D) Subclavian artery ```

B) Internal carotid artery

``` Due to the presence of plasma proteins, what pressure draws fluids into capillaries? A) Blood pressure B) Systolic pressure C) Osmotic pressure D) Diastolic pressure ```

C) Osmotic pressure

The alternating expansion and recoil of an artery that occurs with each beat of the left ventricle creates a pressure wave known as a ________. A) cardiac output B) pulse C) pressure point D) stroke volume

B) pulse

``` Which of the following will promote vasodilation? A) Angiotensin II B) Exercise C) Epinephrine D) Heat ```

D) Heat

``` Sustained elevated arterial blood pressure above 140/90 mm Hg is a condition known as ________. A) hypertension (high blood pressure) B) orthostatic hypotension C) circulatory shock D) myocardial infarction ```

A) hypertension (high blood pressure)

``` What lowers the risk of coronary artery disease? A) Smoking B) Regular, moderate exercise C) Sedentary lifestyle D) High fat diet ```

B) Regular, moderate exercise

``` The heart is situated within the medial section of the thoracic cavity known as the ________. A) mediastinum B) hiatus C) pleural cavity D) hilus E) diaphragm ```

A) mediastinum

The layer of the heart wall synonymous with the visceral layer of the serous pericardium is ________. A) myocardium B) endocardium C) epicardium D) parietal layer of the serous pericardium E) either endocardium or epicardium

C) epicardium

``` Pulmonary circulation involves blood flow to and from the heart and the ________. A) body B) digestive organs C) skin D) lungs E) brain ```

D) lungs

``` Which vessels return oxygen-rich blood to the left atrium of the heart? A) Pulmonary arteries B) Superior vena cava C) Aorta D) Pulmonary veins E) Inferior vena cava ```

D) Pulmonary veins

In a condition known as cardiac tamponade, excess serous fluid can build up around the heart in the pericardial cavity. Between what two layers is this fluid located? A) Fibrous pericardium and parietal pericardium B) Epicardium and endocardium C) Visceral pericardium and epicardium D) Parietal pericardium and visceral pericardium E) Epicardium and myocardium

D) Parietal pericardium and visceral pericardium

``` What structure divides the left ventricle from the right ventricle? A) Interventricular septum B) Interatrial septum C) Bicuspid valve D) Tricuspid valve E) Chordae tendineae ```

A) Interventricular septum

``` An incompetent aortic semilunar valve would allow blood to backflow from the ________. A) right ventricle to the right atrium B) left ventricle to the left atrium C) aorta to the left ventricle D) aorta to the left atrium E) pulmonary trunk to the left ventricle ```

C) aorta to the left ventricle

``` When the right ventricle contracts, which specific valve closes to prevent blood from flowing into the right atrium? A) Mitral valve B) Pulmonary semilunar valve C) Aortic semilunar valve D) Biscuspid valve E) Tricuspid valve ```

E) Tricuspid valve

The atrioventricular valves are closed when ________. A) atrial pressure is greater than ventricular pressure B) the atria contract C) the ventricles fill with blood D) atrial pressure is less than ventricular pressure E) atrial systole occurs

D) atrial pressure is less than ventricular pressure

``` Which one of the following blood vessels carries oxygen-rich blood? A) Superior vena cava B) Inferior vena cava C) Coronary sinus D) Pulmonary artery E) Pulmonary vein ```

E) Pulmonary vein

``` Which valve guards the base of the aorta and opens when the ventricles are contracting? A) Mitral valve B) Aortic semilunar valve C) Bicuspid valve D) Pulmonary semilunar valve E) Tricuspid valve ```

B) Aortic semilunar valve

Which system causes heart muscle to depolarize, atria first and then the ventricles? A) Somatic nervous system B) Sympathetic nervous system C) Autonomic nervous system D) Endocrine system E) Intrinsic conduction system (nodal system)

E) Intrinsic conduction system (nodal system)

``` The sinoatrial (SA) node is located in the ________. A) aorta B) right atrium C) left atrium D) right ventricle E) interventricular septum ```

B) right atrium

Which one of the following represents the correct path for the transmission of an impulse in the intrinsic conduction system of the heart? A) Atrioventricular (AV) node, sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers B) Atrioventricular (AV) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), sinoatrial (SA) node, Purkinje fibers, right and left bundle branches C) Sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), atrioventricular (AV) node, Purkinje fibers, right and left bundle branches D) Sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), atrioventricular (AV) node, right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers E) Sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers

E) Sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers

``` Which vessel carries oxygen-poor blood from cardiac circulation to the right atrium of the heart? A) Coronary sulcus B) Coronary artery C) Coronary sinus D) Circumflex artery E) Pulmonary vein ```

C) Coronary sinus

``` All four heart valves are briefly closed as pressure begins to rise in the ventricles, a phase known as ________. A) atrial systole B) isovolumetric contraction C) ventricular systole D) atrial diastole E) isovolumetric relaxation ```

B) isovolumetric contraction

``` The pulmonary semilunar valve is normally open during ________. A) atrial diastole B) isovolumetric contraction phase C) ventricular systole D) atrial systole E) isovolumetric relaxation phase ```

C) ventricular systole

Cardiac output is the product of which two variables? A) Heart rate and blood pressure B) Heart rate and stroke volume C) Contraction and relaxation D) Diastole and systole E) Blood pressure and peripheral resistance

B) Heart rate and stroke volume

``` The normal resting stroke volume is ________. A) 150 ml B) 5.25 L/min C) 70 ml D) 75 beats/min E) 120 ml ```

C) 70 ml

``` The ability of the heart muscle to generate tension is known as ________. A) distensibility B) cardiac output C) preload D) afterload E) contractility ```

E) contractility

The path of blood flow within the systemic vascular system is ________. A) arterioles, arteries, capillary beds, venules, veins B) arterioles, arteries, capillary beds, veins, venules C) arterioles, arteries, venules, veins, capillary beds D) arteries, arterioles, capillary beds, veins, venules E) arteries, arterioles, capillary beds, venules, veins

E) arteries, arterioles, capillary beds, venules, veins

``` You notice a missing P wave on a patient's electrocardiogram (ECG) and believe there is a problem with the ________. A) atrioventricular (AV) node B) Purkinje fibers C) left bundle branch D) atrioventricular (AV) bundle E) sinoatrial (SA) node ```

E) sinoatrial (SA) node

Which of the following increases heart rate? A) Low levels of calcium B) Parasympathetic nervous system stimulation C) Vagus nerve stimulation D) Cold E) Epinephrine

E) Epinephrine

Veins ________. A) carry blood away from the heart B) branch into smaller vessels called arterioles C) transport oxygen-rich blood D) operate under high pressure E) often have valves to prevent the backflow of blood

E) often have valves to prevent the backflow of blood

``` Which type of vessel is constructed only from tunica intima? A) Arteries B) Arterioles C) Capillaries D) Veins E) Venules ```

C) Capillaries

The correct sequence of layers of a typical blood vessel, from superficial to deep, are ________. A) tunica media, tunica intima, tunica externa B) tunica media, tunica externa, tunica intima C) tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima D) tunica externa, tunica intima, tunica media E) tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa

C) tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima

Which of the following is the pathway the aorta takes as it exits the heart? A) Ascending aorta, aortic arch, abdominal aorta, thoracic aorta B) Aortic arch, ascending aorta, thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta C) Ascending aorta, thoracic aorta, aortic arch, abdominal aorta D) Ascending aorta, aortic arch, thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta E) Aortic arch, thoracic aorta, ascending aorta, abdominal aorta

D) Ascending aorta, aortic arch, thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta

``` Which one of the following does not receive blood directly from the aortic arch? A) Brachiocephalic artery B) Left subclavian artery C) Left common carotid artery D) Right common carotid artery E) Thoracic aorta ```

D) Right common carotid artery

``` Which of the following arteries is the first branch of the abdominal aorta? A) Splenic artery B) Superior mesenteric artery C) Celiac trunk D) Femoral artery E) Hepatic artery ```

C) Celiac trunk

Which of these pathways correctly traces blood as it travels from the aortic arch to the left arm? A) Aortic arch, brachiocephalic trunk, right common carotid artery B) Aortic arch, left common carotid artery, left internal carotid artery C) Aortic arch, left subclavian artery, left axillary artery, left brachial artery D) Ascending aorta, right coronary arteries E) Abdominal aorta, celiac trunk, left gastric artery

C) Aortic arch, left subclavian artery, left axillary artery, left brachial artery

``` The external carotid artery serves the skin and muscles of the head and ________. A) armpit B) groin C) neck D) abdomen E) leg ```

C) neck

``` Which vein drains blood into the superior vena cava? A) Brachiocephalic vein B) Renal vein C) Hepatic portal vein D) Common iliac vein E) Great saphenous vein ```

A) Brachiocephalic vein

``` Which vein returns blood to the femoral vein? A) Popliteal vein B) Common iliac vein C) Superior vena cava D) Hepatic portal vein E) External iliac vein ```

A) Popliteal vein

What statement best describes the hepatic portal system? A) Since the lungs and digestive system are immature and not functioning in a fetus, all nutrient, excretory, and gas exchanges occur through the placenta. B) Nutrients and toxins picked up from capillaries in the stomach and intestine are transported to the spleen and pancreas via the celiac trunk. C) Oxygen-rich blood is carried to the liver through the hepatic artery. D) The cerebral arterial circle protects the brain by providing more than one route for blood to reach brain tissue in case of a clot or an impaired blood flow anywhere in the system. E) Nutrients and toxins picked up from capillaries in the stomach and intestine are transported to the liver for processing via the hepatic portal vein.

E) Nutrients and toxins picked up from capillaries in the stomach and intestine are transported to the liver for processing via the hepatic portal vein.

The brachial vein ________. A) drains blood from the radial and ulnar veins, then empties that blood into the axillary vein B) drains blood from the internal jugular vein, then empties that blood into the superior vena cava C) drains blood from the popliteal vein, then empties that blood into the external iliac vein D) drains blood from the axillary vein, then empties that blood into the superior vena cava E) drains blood from the popliteal vein, then empties that blood into the femoral vein

A) drains blood from the radial and ulnar veins, then empties that blood into the axillary vein

``` What can be palpated at a pressure point? A) Peripheral resistance B) Pulse C) Osmotic pressure D) Cardiac output E) Stroke volume ```

B) Pulse

``` Which of the following vessels has the lowest blood pressure? A) Veins B) Capillaries C) Venae cavae D) Arteries E) Arterioles ```

C) Venae cavae

``` The friction blood encounters as it flows through the vessels is called ________. A) cardiac output B) stroke volume C) peripheral resistance D) blood pressure E) diastolic pressure ```

C) peripheral resistance

What can we infer from the following: 110/70 mm Hg? A) Diastolic pressure measurement over systolic pressure measurement B) Cardiac output over peripheral resistance C) Systolic pressure measurement over diastolic pressure measurement D) Blood pressure over osmotic pressure E) Heart rate over stroke volume

C) Systolic pressure measurement over diastolic pressure measurement

``` Which of the following hormones promotes sodium ion (and water) reabsorption by the kidney in order to increase blood pressure and blood volume? A) Glucagon B) Thyroxine C) Epinephrine D) Aldosterone E) Antidiuretic hormone ```

D) Aldosterone

Which of the following is not a method or pathway of movement for substances traveling across a capillary wall? A) Diffusion through intercellular clefts B) Direct diffusion through the plasma membrane C) Transport via vesicles by endocytosis or exocytosis D) Active transport using proteins and ATP E) Diffusion through the pores of fenestrated capillaries

D) Active transport using proteins and ATP

Substances tend to leave the bloodstream at the arterial end of the capillary because ________. A) osmotic pressure is higher than blood pressure at the arterial end of the capillary B) osmotic pressure is higher than blood pressure at the venule end of the capillary C) blood pressure is higher than osmotic pressure at the arterial end of the capillary D) blood pressure is higher than osmotic pressure at the venule end of the capillary E) interstitial pressure is higher than osmotic pressure at the arterial end of the capillary

C) blood pressure is higher than osmotic pressure at the arterial end of the capillary

``` A patient who experienced a myocardial infarction (MI) sustained damage to the intrinsic conduction system. Since the nerve impulse still reaches the atria, but does not reach either ventricle, assess the location of the damage. A) Purkinje fibers B) Sinoatrial (SA) node C) Left bundle branch D) Atrioventricular (AV) node E) Right bundle branch ```

D) Atrioventricular (AV) node

``` Patients with a condition called POTS (postural orthostatic tachycardia syncope) can have a variety of symptoms, including an elevated heart rate upon standing. In some cases, blood vessels do not adequately constrict upon standing. Deduce which part of the vessel is responsible. A) Tunica intima B) Tunica externa C) Endothelium D) Lumen E) Tunica media ```

E) Tunica media

Pain can overstimulate the vagus nerve. Appraise the following, and determine the likely outcome for an overstimulated vagus nerve. A) Heart rate slows. B) Stroke volume increases. C) Contractile force of cardiac muscle increases. D) Blood pressure increases. E) Venous return increases

A) Heart rate slows

TRUE OR FALSE The heart is enclosed by three membranes: an outer fibrous layer and an inner serous membrane pair.

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE | Blood is returned to the right side of the heart from the lungs.

FALSE

TRUE OR FALSE | The chordae tendineae anchor the semilunar valves to the walls of the ventricles

FALSE

TRUE OR FALSE The functional blood supply that oxygenates the myocardium is provided by the right and left coronary arteries.

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE | tendineae anchor the semilunar valves and prevent them from inverting during heart contraction.

FALSE

``` TRUE OR FALSE The sinoatrial (SA) node is the pacemaker of the intrinsic conduction system of the heart. ```

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE | During ventricular systole, blood is ejected from the ventricles through the large arteries connected to the heart.

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE | The heart sounds, "lub" and "dup," occur when the atria contract and subsequently when the ventricles contract.

FALSE

TRUE OR FALSE The part of the intrinsic conduction system of the heart that directly transmits impulses to the walls of the ventricles is the Purkinje fibers

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE | The QRS wave on an electrocardiogram (ECG) is representative of ventricular repolarization

FALSE

TRUE OR FALSE | The average length of the cardiac cycle is 0.8 seconds.

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE | During ventricular systole, the bicuspid and tricuspid (mitral) valves are closed

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE Stroke volume is the amount of blood pumped out by each ventricle of the heart in one minute

FALSE

TRUE OR FALSE | Reductions in venous return cause reductions in both stroke volume and cardiac output.

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE | An increased firing of the parasympathetic nervous system causes increased cardiac output.

FALSE

TRUE OR FALSE From innermost to outermost, the three layers of a vessel, with the exception of capillaries, are the tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica externa.

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE When precapillary sphincters are contracted and closed, blood flows through the shunts and bypasses the tissue cells in that region.

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE The aorta is the largest artery in the body and the different parts are known as the ascending aorta, aortic arch, thoracic aorta, and the abdominal aorta.

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE The three branches of the aortic arch are the brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery.

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE | The renal veins carry oxygen-rich blood to the kidneys.

FALSE

TRUE OR FALSE | The radial and ulnar veins ultimately drain into the superior vena cava.

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE | The inferior vena cava returns blood to the heart from all body regions above the diaphragm.

FALSE

TRUE OR FALSE The veins of the hepatic portal circulation drain the digestive organs, spleen, and pancreas and deliver this blood to the liver through the hepatic portal vein.

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE | The cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis) involves blood flow through the liver.

FALSE

TRUE OR FALSE The major vessels involved in hepatic portal circulation are the inferior and superior mesenteric arteries, the splenic artery, and the left gastric artery.

FALSE

TRUE OR FALSE A blood pressure reading of 120/80 mm Hg is written with diastolic pressure over systolic pressure

FALSE

TRUE OR FALSE Blood pressure is highest in the arteries and declines to zero or negative pressure in the vena cavae.

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE Blood cells and proteins typically cannot pass across the walls of capillaries and are thus prevented from leaving or entering the capillaries.

TRUE