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Anatomy and Physiology > Week 1 Introduction to A&P > Flashcards

Week 1 Introduction to A&P Flashcards

1
Q 
Identify the cavity that houses the spinal cord.
A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E
F) Label F
A

B) Label B

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2
Q 
Label E points to the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ cavity.
A) thoracic
B) pelvic 
C) cranial
D) abdominal
A

D) abdominal

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3
Q 
Identify the cavity that houses the heart and lungs (and other organs).
A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E
F) Label F
A

Label C

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4
Q 
Identify the structure that separates the thoracic cavity from the rest of the ventral cavity.
A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E 
F) Label F
A

D) Label D

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5
Q 
Label F points to the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ cavity.
A) thoracic
B) pelvic 
C) cranial
D) abdominal
A

B) pelvic

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6
Q 
Identify the cavity that houses the stomach, liver, and other digestive organs.
A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E
F) Label F
A

E) Label E

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7
Q 
Which of the following is the smallest unit of all living things?
A) Organ
B) Tissue
C) Cell
D) Organ system
A

C) Cell

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8
Q 
The heart and blood vessels are the primary organs of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ system.
A) lymphatic
B) integumentary
C) cardiovascular
D) muscular
A

C) cardiovascular

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9
Q 
The skeletal muscles that contract and shorten to move the bones form the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ system.
A) skeletal
B) muscular
C) endocrine
D) reproductive
A

B) muscular

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10
Q

The ________ system rids the body of indigestible food residue in feces while the ________
system removes nitrogen-containing metabolic waste in urine.
A) urinary; digestive
B) cardiovascular; urinary
C) digestive; urinary
D) reproductive; digestive

A

C) digestive; urinary

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11
Q 
The ability to sense a mosquito landing on your arm and swat it away is described as 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) metabolism
B) homeostasis
C) excretion
D) responsiveness (irritability)
A

D) responsiveness (irritability)

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12
Q 
What accounts for 60 to 80 percent of the body's weight, depending on the age of the 
individual?
A) Water
B) Carbon
C) Carbohydrates
D) Minerals
A

A) Water

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13
Q 
When our body temperature rises above 37°C or 98.6°F, a negative feedback mechanism will be triggered to lower the body temperature. As a result, our sweat glands release sweat to cool the body temperature. What part of the negative feedback mechanism is the sweat gland?
A) Stimulus
B) Effector
C) Receptor
D) Control center
A

B) Effector

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14
Q 
What type of sensor monitors and responds to changes in the environment in a negative feedback loop?
A) Effector
B) Receptor
C) Control center
D) Stimulus
A

B) Receptor

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15
Q 
When we imagine a person exhibiting anatomical position, the palms of the hands are assumed to be facing \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) to the side
B) forward
C) down
D) behind
A

B) forward

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16
Q 
The body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions is referred to as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. 
A) metabolism
B) homeostasis
C) irritability
D) output
A

B) homeostasis

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17
Q 
The acromial region is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to the antebrachial region.
A) superior (proximal)
B) inferior (distal)
C) anterior
D) posterior
A

A) superior (proximal)

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18
Q 
Edna tore a ligament in the patellar region and anticipates having difficulty with her 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. 
A) wrist
B) knee
C) ankle
D) elbow
A

B) knee

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19
Q 
The spinal cord is best described as
A) lateral.
B) proximal.
C) ventral (anterior).
D) medial.
A

D) medial.

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20
Q 
The central region of the thoracic cavity containing the heart is called the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. 
A) pleural cavity
B) mediastinum
C) quadrant
D) visceral cavity
A

B) mediastinum

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21
Q 
The right and left iliac (inguinal) regions are lateral to the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ region.
A) hypogastric (pubic)
B) right hypochondriac 
C) right lumbar
D) left hypochondriac
A

A) hypogastric (pubic)

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22
Q 
A young child sustained a baseball hit to his cranial cavity. Which bones were fractured? 
A) Ribs
B) Vertebrae
C) Hips
D) Skull
A

D) Skull

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23
Q 
The diaphragm creates a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ section by dividing the ventral body cavity into superior and inferior subdivisions.
A) transverse (cross)
B) median
C) midsagittal
D) frontal (coronal)
A

A) transverse (cross)

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24
Q 
The hypogastric (pubic) region is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to the umbilical region.
A) superior
B) inferior
C) posterior
D) media
A

B) inferior

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25
Q 
Ventral is a directional term synonymous with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in humans.
A) posterior
B) dorsal
C) anterior
D) medial
A

C) anterior

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26
Q 
Select all of the regions of the abdominopelvic cavity that are medial. 
1) right iliac (inguinal) region
2) epigastric region
3) hypogastric region
4) left lumbar region
5) left hypochondriac region
A) 1, 4, and 5
B) 1, 3, and 4
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, 4, and 5
A

C) 2 and 3

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27
Q 
The navel is located in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ region of the abdominopelvic cavity.
A) epigastric
B) hypogastric
C) umbilical
D) right lumbar
A

C) umbilica

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28
Q 
The two major internal body cavities are the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ cavity and the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ cavity.
A) abdominopelvic; thoracic
B) ventral; dorsal
C) cranial; dorsal
D) thoracic; ventra
A

B) ventral; dorsal

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29
Q 
Which of these internal body cavities is the most inferior? 
A) Pelvic cavity
B) Thoracic cavity
C) Abdominal cavity
D) Cranial cavity
A

A) Pelvic cavity

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30
Q 
The orbital cavities house the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) mouth
B) nose
C) eyes
D) ears
A

C) eyes

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31
Q 
Which body cavity can be further subdivided into quadrants and regions?
A) Cranial
B) Spinal
C) Dorsal
D) Abdominopelvic
A

D) Abdominopelvic

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32
Q 
To perform heart surgery, an incision is made into the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ cavity. 
A) abdominal
B) pelvic
C) thoracic
D) cranial
A

C) thoracic

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33
Q 
The epigastric region is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to the right hypochondriac region of the abdominopelvic 
cavity.
A) medial
B) superior
C) dorsal
D) lateral
A

A) medial

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34
Q 
In which region is the stomach located? 
A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E
F) Label F
A

A) Label A

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35
Q 
Which region is the umbilical region?
A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E
F) Label F
A

C) Label C

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36
Q 
Which region is lateral to the umbilical region?
A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E
F) Label F
A

D) Label D

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37
Q 
Which region is associated with the lower ribs?
A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E
F) Label F
A

B) Label B

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38
Q 
The hypogastric (pubic) region is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. 
A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E
F) Label F
A

E) Label E

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39
Q 
Which region is situated inferior to the right lumbar region? 
A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E
F) Label F
A

F) Label F

40
Q 
The study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts and their relationships to one another is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) anatomy
B) physiology
C) homeostasis
D) negative feedback
E) irritability
A

A) anatomy

41
Q

Which of the following activities represents a physiological study?
A) Making a section through the kidney to observe its interior
B) Examining the surface of a bone
C) Viewing muscle tissue through a microscope
D) Studying how the layers of the skin are organized
E) Observing how the heart contracts to pump blood

A

E) Observing how the heart contracts to pump blood

42
Q 
Which of the following levels of organization is inclusive of all others?
A) Chemical level
B) Tissue level
C) Organ level
D) Organ system level
E) Cellular level
A

D) Organ system level

43
Q 
Which of the following represents the chemical level of structure in the human body?
A) Organs
B) Tissues
C) Atoms
D) Cells
E) Organ systems
44
Q

The major organs of the skeletal system are the ________.
A) skeletal muscles
B) pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs
C) bones, cartilages, and joints
D) brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors
E) heart and blood vessels

A

C) bones, cartilages, and joints

45
Q

The main function of the respiratory system is to ________.
A) transport oxygen, nutrients, and wastes to and from body cells and tissues
B) produce sperm and eggs
C) supply the body with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide
D) control body activities through hormones released into the blood
E) break down food and deliver the products to the blood for dispersa

A

C) supply the body with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide

46
Q 
The system that controls and coordinates the body using hormones is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) integumentary system
B) skeletal system
C) nervous system
D) endocrine system
E) digestive system
A

D) endocrine system

47
Q

The nervous system consists of ________.
A) receptors and effectors
B) muscles of the heart
C) glands that produce hormones
D) lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and lymphoid organs
E) bones, cartilages, and joints

A

A) receptors and effectors

48
Q 
Which two organ systems include the pancreas?
A) Digestive and endocrine systems
B) Urinary and respiratory systems
C) Reproductive and urinary systems 
D) Digestive and respiratory systems
E) Endocrine and respiratory systems
A

A) Digestive and endocrine systems

49
Q 
Which system covers the external surface of the body and protects deeper tissues?
A) Endocrine system
B) Integumentary system
C) Nervous system
D) Lymphatic system
E) Skeletal system
A

B) Integumentary system

50
Q

What is the major function of the lymphatic system?
A) Return leaked fluids back to the cardiovascular system, so there is enough blood to circulate
B) Deliver oxygen, nutrients, and hormones via the blood to the body’s cells
C) Eliminate nitrogen-containing metabolic wastes from the blood in the form of urine
D) Break down food and deliver the nutrients to the blood
E) Secrete hormones into the blood to regulate body processes such as growth and reproduction

A

A) Return leaked fluids back to the cardiovascular system, so there is enough blood to circulate

51
Q 
What are two organ systems that are involved in the excretion of wastes from the body?
A) Digestive and urinary
B) Cardiovascular and skeletal
C) Muscular and skeletal
D) Endocrine and nervous
E) Cardiovascular and nervous
A

A) Digestive and urinary

52
Q

Which of the following systems is matched most accurately to the life function it provides?
A) Integumentary system — movement
B) Nervous system — excretion
C) Muscular system — maintaining boundaries
D) Nervous system — responsiveness
E) Respiratory system — digestion

A

D) Nervous system — responsiveness

53
Q 
Which of the following is not considered a nutrient?
A) Carbohydrates
B) Proteins
 Which of the following is not considered a nutrient?
A) Carbohydrates
B) Proteins
C) Water
D) Minerals
E) Vitamins
D) Minerals
E) Vitamins
54
Q 
Place these components of a homeostatic control system in the proper order.
1) effector
2) efferent pathway
3) receptor
4) control center
5) afferent pathway
A) 1, 5, 4, 2, and 3
B) 3, 2, 4, 5, and 1
C) 3, 5, 2, 4, and 1
D) 3, 5, 4, 2, and 1
E) 5, 3, 4, 1, and 2
A

D) 3, 5, 4, 2, and 1

55
Q 
Blood calcium levels are maintained by a negative feedback homeostatic mechanism. When blood calcium levels rise beyond their set point, a hormone called calcitonin is released by the thyroid gland to lower blood calcium levels back to their set point. What role does the thyroid gland play in this mechanism?
A) Control center
B) Stimulus
C) Effector
D) Receptor
E) Variable
A

C) Effector

56
Q 
Milk production increases during breastfeeding when a newborn suckles from his mother's nipple. This type of feedback mechanism in which the stimulus pushes milk production farther from its original value best describes \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. 
A) negative feedback
B) an abnormal physiological mechanism
C) homeostatic imbalance
D) positive feedback
E) both negative and positive feedback
A

D) positive feedback

57
Q 
A body part that is considered lateral is understood to be \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. 
A) toward the head end of the body
B) toward or at the front of the body
C) away from the midline of the body
D) close to the origin of a body part
E) toward the midline of the body
A

C) away from the midline of the body

58
Q 
When correctly situated in anatomical position, where are your feet in relation to your knees?
A) Proximal
B) Medial
C) Superior
D) Distal
E) Deep
59
Q 
Which of the following orientation and directional terms have the same meaning (in humans)?
A) Superior and caudal
B) Inferior and cranial
C) Inferior and cephalic
D) Anterior and ventral
E) Anterior and dorsal
A

D) Anterior and ventral

60
Q 
Which directional term best describes the location of the human nose?
A) Distal
B) Posterior
C) Inferior
D) Anterior
E) Lateral
A

D) Anterior

61
Q 
A football player broke a bone in the tarsal region. This region is in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) calf
B) thigh
C) groin
D) ankle
E) wrist
62
Q 
A weight lifter experiences nerve pain in his posterior elbow region. Which term best describes this body region? 
A) Carpal
B) Olecranal
C) Antecubital
D) Antebrachial
E) Popliteal
A

B) Olecranal

63
Q

In reference to the relationship between the patellar and popliteal regions, which of the following statements is correct?
A) The patellar region is superior to the popliteal region.
B) The patellar region is proximal to the popliteal region.
C) The patellar region is distal to the popliteal region.
D) The patellar region is lateral to the popliteal region.
E) The patellar region is anterior to the popliteal region.

A

E) The patellar region is anterior to the popliteal region.

64
Q 
Which body cavity subdivision is part of the dorsal cavity?
A) Thoracic cavity
B) Spinal cavity
C) Nasal cavity
D) Orbital cavity
E) Abdominopelvic cavity
A

B) Spinal cavity

65
Q 
The lungs and heart are situated in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ body cavity.
A) dorsal
B) spinal
C) thoracic
D) cranial
E) abdominopelvic
A

C) thoracic

66
Q 
Which of these body regions is located on the posterior body surface?
A) Antebrachial
B) Umbilical
C) Gluteal
D) Pectoral
E) Pubic
A

C) Gluteal

67
Q 
The region that refers to the fingers and toes is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) carpal region
B) digital region
C) antebrachial region
D) brachial region
E) axillary region
A

B) digital region

68
Q 
The dorsal body cavity houses the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) urinary and reproductive organs
B) heart and lungs
C) digestive and reproductive organs
D) tongue
E ) spinal cord and brain
A

E ) spinal cord and brain

69
Q 
Place these body regions in order from superior (proximal) to inferior (distal):
1) coxal
2) tarsal
3) femoral
4) crural
5) patellar
A) 1, 3, 4, 5, and 2
B) 1, 3, 5, 4, and 2
C) 1, 4, 3, 5, and 2
D) 2, 4, 5, 3, and 1
E) 2, 5, 4, 3, and 1
A

B) 1, 3, 5, 4, and 2

70
Q 
Which of these regions is not associated with the ventral (anterior) portion of the head?
A) Buccal
B) Oral
C) Orbital
D) Occipital
E) Nasal
A

D) Occipital

71
Q 
A surgeon created an opening in the chest during surgery. The incision was made along a plane that equally separated the right and left halves of the thoracic cavity. This section is known as a(n) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) median (midsagittal) section
B) frontal section
C) transverse section
D) horizontal section
E) parasagittal section
A

A) median (midsagittal) section

72
Q 
Which type of plane separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity?
A) Coronal
B) Sagittal
C) Dorsal
D) Ventral
E) Transverse (cross)
A

E) Transverse (cross)

73
Q 
Which body cavity includes all others?
A) Thoracic cavity
B) Ventral cavity
C) Abdominal cavity
D) Pelvic cavity
E) Mediastinum
A

B) Ventral cavity

74
Q 
A broken rib on the right side of the body would likely be felt in the
A) right lumbar region.
B) epigastric region.
C) right hypochondriac region.
D) right iliac (inguinal) region.
E) hypogastric region.
A

C) right hypochondriac region

75
Q

An X-ray indicates a fracture in the distal portion of the tibia bone. You understand the fracture to be on which part of the bone?
A) The part of the bone farther from the attachment of the femur to the body
B) The part of the bone closer to the attachment of the femur to the body
C) The backside of the bone
D) The part of the bone closer to the midline of the body
E) The surface of the bone

A

B) The part of the bone closer to the attachment of the femur to the body

76
Q

A patient in the emergency department complains of pain in her right upper quadrant (RUQ).
What organ is least likely to be the cause for her pain?
A) Liver
B) Gallbladder
C) Large intestine
D) Urinary bladder
E) Small intestine

A

D) Urinary bladder

77
Q

Considering the homeostatic control of body temperature when we become too hot, predict what would happen to body temperature if the effector was unable to perform its job.
A) The body would no longer be able to detect changes in the environment.
B) Changes in the environment would not cause a change in the set value for body temperature.
C) The body would not be able to transport information to the control center.
D) The body would not be able to reduce the effect of the stimulus.
E) The body would not be able to transport information from the control center to the effector.

A

D) The body would not be able to reduce the effect of the stimulus.

78
Q 
A patient previously had abdominal surgery and has a scar from a transverse (cross) section. Now, he'll have another surgery that requires a parasagittal section, which will intersect the transverse section. What will his scars look like when his surgical incision heals? Assume this 
patient is in anatomical position. 
A) X
B) T
C) +
D) Two parallel lines
E) Y
79
Q

A patient with a brain injury shows no signs of being able to move any part of his body. What would you recommend to determine if his brain shows any signs of responsiveness (irritability)?
A) Shine a light in his eyes to see if his pupils constrict
B) Bring food in the room to see if the patient is hungry
C) Check to see if your patient has a pulse
D) Turn the lights off in the room to see if the patient can sleep
E) Call the patient’s relatives

A

A) Shine a light in his eyes to see if his pupils constrict

80
Q 
An outpatient is having a scan performed to check for lung cancer. The lung should be scanned showing the lungs image in a left to right view. What type of plane do you recommend?
A) Transverse (cross) plane
B) Median (midsagittal) plane
C) Frontal (coronal) plane
D) Parasagittal plane
E) Sagittal plane
A

A) Transverse (cross) plane

81
Q

Cells are the building blocks of all matter

TRUE or FALSE

82
Q

The stomach is an example of an organ; therefore, it is made of different types of tissues.
TRUE or FALSE

83
Q

Glands of the nervous system release chemicals called hormones into the blood.
TRUE or FALSE

84
Q

The cardiovascular and lymphatic systems work together to ensure blood circulation to the
body’s cells is adequate.
TRUE or FALSE

85
Q

The digestive system is often called the excretory system for its role in removing nitrogencontaining wastes from the body
TRUE or FALSE

86
Q

Most homeostatic control mechanisms are negative feedback mechanisms
TRUE or FALSE

87
Q

Survival needs include nutrients, oxygen, water, and appropriate temperature and atmospheric
pressure.
TRUE or FALSE

88
Q

In anatomical position, a person is assumed to be standing erect.
TRUE or FALSE

89
Q

The regional term pedal refers to the foot.

TRUE or FALSE

90
Q

The tarsal region is proximal to the patellar region.

TRUE or FALSE

91
Q 
The hypogastric (pubic) region is directly superior to the umbilical region.
TRUE or FALSE
92
Q

The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominopelvic cavity by the diaphragm.
TRUE or FALSE

93
Q

The spinal cavity is part of the ventral body cavity.

TRUE or FALSE

94
Q

Transverse or cross sections divide the body into anterior and posterior parts
TRUE or FALSE

95
Q

There is no physical structure that separates the abdominal cavity from the pelvic cavity.
TRUE or FALSE

Anatomy and Physiology (14 decks)

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