Week 4 Nervous System Flashcards
1
Q
The neural processes that convey incoming messages toward the cell body are indicated by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) Label H B) Label G C) Label A D) Label F E) Label B
A
C) Label A
2
Q
The metabolic center of the neuron is indicated by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) Label D B) Label F C) Label A D) Label H E) Label I
A
A) Label D
3
Q
The axon terminals are indicated by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) Label I B) Label G C) Label B D) Label A E) Label C
A
E) Label C
4
Q
The axon is indicated by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) Label B B) Label F C) Label H D) Label I E) Label A
A
A) Label B
5
Q
The gaps between Schwann cells are indicated by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) Label D B) Label H C) Label B D) Label F E) Label A
A
B) Label H
6
Q
The nucleus of the neuron is indicated by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) Label E B) Label I C) Label A D) Label B E) Label F
A
A) Label E
7
Q
What are the two main functional subdivisions of the nervous system? A) Central and peripheral B) Somatic and autonomic C) Sensory and motor D) Autonomic and sympathetic
A
C) Sensory and motor
8
Q
What cells form the myelin sheaths around nerve fibers in the PNS? A) Satellite cells B) Ependymal cells C) Schwann cells D) Microglial cells
A
C) Schwann cells
9
Q
Support cells in the central nervous system are collectively called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) myelin sheaths B) neuroglia C) oligodendrocytes D) microglia
A
B) neuroglia
10
Q
The part of the neuron that typically conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) dendrite B) cell body C) synaptic cleft D) axon
A
D) axon
11
Q
The gaps between Schwann cells found at regular intervals in peripheral system neurons are called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) synaptic clefts B) axon terminals C) nodes of Ranvier D) myelin sheaths
A
C) nodes of Ranvier
12
Q
Sensory receptors located in muscles and tendons are termed \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) Meissner's corpuscles B) proprioceptors C) lamellar corpuscles D) association neurons
A
B) proprioceptors
13
Q
Mr. Warren has spinal cord damage that prevents nerve impulses from being carried from the CNS to muscles or glands. What specific type of neuron has been damaged? A) Afferent neurons B) Sensory neuron C) Motor neuron D) Axon terminals
A
C) Motor neuron
14
Q
A polarized neuron is characterized by the presence of more \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ions along the plasma membrane outside the cell and less \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ions along the plasma membrane inside the cell. A) calcium; sodium B) sodium; potassium C) potassium; sodium D) sodium; calcium
A
B) sodium; potassium
15
Q
Myelinated fibers (tracts) form \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ matter while unmyelinated fibers form \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ matter. A) sensory; motor B) gray; white C) motor; sensory D) white; gray
A
D) white; gray
16
Q
What type of neuron connects sensory and motor neurons in neural pathways? A) Interneurons (association neurons) B) Afferent neurons C) Efferent neurons D) Bipolar neurons
A
A) Interneurons (association neurons)
17
Q
After repolarization, what ions are pumped out of the cell? A) Sodium B) Potassium C) Both sodium and potassium D) Calcium
A
A) Sodium
18
Q
The thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus collectively constitute the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) cerebellum B) diencephalon (interbrain) C) brain stem D) cerebrum
A
B) diencephalon (interbrain)
19
Q
The brain and spinal cord are protected and cushioned by three connective tissue membranes that are collectively called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) ventricles B) arachnoid villi C) meninges D) sinuses
A
C) meninges
20
Q
Cerebrospinal fluid is formed from blood by clusters of capillaries in the brain known as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) choroid plexuses B) arachnoid villi C) ventricles D) sinuses
A
A) choroid plexuses
21
Q
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) does not flow through the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) cerebral aqueduct B) fourth ventricle C) subarachnoid space D) corpus callosum
A
D) corpus callosum
22
Q
What fissure separates the two cerebral hemispheres of the brain? A) Transverse fissure B) Longitudinal fissure C) Sagittal fissure D) Tentorium cerebelli
A
B) Longitudinal fissure
23
Q
The hypothalamus regulates the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) pineal gland B) pituitary gland C) pons D) thalamus
A
B) pituitary gland
24
Q
What portion of the diencephalon acts as a relay station for sensory impulses traveling upward to the sensory cortex? A) Pons B) Pituitary gland C) Thalamus D) Hypothalamus
A
C) Thalamus
25
The delicate innermost membrane, or meningeal layer, that clings to the surface of the brain
and spinal cord is known as the ________ mater.
A) dura
B) arachnoid
C) periosteal
D) pia
D) pia
26
```
How many pairs of spinal nerves emerge from the spinal cord?
A) 12
B) 18
C) 25
D) 31
```
D) 31
27
```
The ________ is a connective tissue wrapping around fascicles of neuron fibers.
A) epineurium
B) endoneurium
C) perineurium
D) perimysium
```
C) perineurium
28
```
Which branch of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) mobilizes the body during extreme
situations, such as rage or fear?
A) Sympathetic division
B) Parasympathetic division
C) Somatic division
D) Sensory division
```
A) Sympathetic division
29
```
Which pair of cranial nerves is mismatched with its name?
A) Cranial nerve IX: glossopharyngeal
B) Cranial nerve II: oculomotor
C) Cranial nerve VIII: vestibulocochlear
D) Cranial nerve X: vagus
```
B) Cranial nerve II: oculomotor
30
Which cranial nerve pairs are purely motor and control eye movement?
A) Optic, vestibulocochlear, and accessory
B) Olfactory, optic, and oculomotor
C) Oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens
D) Trochlear, abducens, and facial
C) Oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens
31
```
Each spinal nerve divides into a dorsal and a ventral ________.
A) ramus
B) tract
C) ganglion
D) plexus
```
A) ramus
32
```
What division of the autonomic nervous system is often called the "rest-and-digest" division?
A) Somatic
B) Sympathetic
C) Parasympathetic
D) Afferent
```
C) Parasympathetic
33
The term central nervous system refers to the ________.
A) autonomic and peripheral nervous systems
B) brain, spinal cord, and cranial nerves
C) brain and cranial nerves
D) spinal cord and spinal nerves
E) brain and spinal cord
E) brain and spinal cord
34
```
Fibers that carry information from the skin, joints, and skeletal muscles to the central nervous
system are ________.
A) motor
B) both visceral and sensory
C) both somatic and sensory
D) interneurons (association neurons)
E) parasympathetic
```
C) both somatic and sensory
35
```
Which of these neuroglial cells contributes to the structure of the blood-brain barrier?
A) Astrocytes
B) Oligodendrocytes
C) Schwann cells
D) Ependymal cells
E) Satellite cells
```
A) Astrocytes
36
```
Which ciliated neuroglial cell circulates cerebrospinal fluid?
A) Oligodendrocytes
B) Schwann cells
C) Microglia
D) Ependymal cells
E) Astrocytes
```
D) Ependymal cells
37
```
What part of the neuron releases vesicles containing neurotransmitters?
A) Axon terminals
B) Dendrites
C) Axon hillock
D) Schwann cells
E) Myelin sheath
```
A) Axon terminals
38
```
Ms. Young feels deep pressure during a tooth extraction. Which type of sensory receptor
detects this sensation?
A) Free nerve ending
B) Golgi tendon organ
C) Meissner's corpuscle
D) Proprioceptor
E) Lamellar corpuscle
```
E) Lamellar corpuscle
39
What is the primary role of the interneuron (association neuron)?
A) Carry information from the central nervous system to muscles and/or the viscera
B) Form a lipid-protein (lipoprotein) cell membrane on the outside of axons
C) Transmit nerve impulses from the skin and organs to the central nervous system
D) Connect motor and sensory neurons in their pathways
E) Detect the amount of stretch in skeletal muscles or tendons and their joints
D) Connect motor and sensory neurons in their pathways
40
How are neurons with several processes branching off the cell body, such as motor neurons
and interneurons (association neurons), structurally classified?
A) Efferent
B) Multipolar
C) Afferent
D) Bipolar
E) Unipolar
B) Multipolar
41
```
What are the two major functional properties of neurons?
A) Cover and line body surfaces
B) Contraction and movements
C) Irritability and conductivity
D) Connect and protect
E) Lubricate and secrete
```
C) Irritability and conductivity
42
```
Ganglia are collections of ________.
A) nuclei
B) dendrites
C) cell bodies
D) axons
E) axon terminals
```
C) cell bodies
43
Saltatory conduction is a faster type of nerve impulse transmission that occurs along myelinated axons. Why is nerve impulse transmission faster in myelinated neurons?
A) Neurons can repolarize more quickly to conduct an additional action potential.
B) Nerve impulses that travel over myelinated axons do not require depolarization.
C) The nerve impulse is hastened by the early activation of the sodium-potassium pump.
D) The nerve impulse can jump from one node of Ranvier to the next, speeding the rate of nerve impulse transmission.
E) The nerve impulse only depolarizes at the cell body and again at the axon terminals.
D) The nerve impulse can jump from one node of Ranvier to the next, speeding the rate of nerve impulse transmission.
44
Select the environment that is most likely to produce an action potential in a neuron.
A) A depolarizing neuron
B) A repolarizing neuron
C) A polarized neuron
D) A neuron currently propagating an action potential
E) A neuron restoring its resting ionic conditions
A) A depolarizing neuron
45
What statement best describes the resting state of a neuron?
A) Neurons are polarized with more sodium ions outside the cell and more potassium ions inside
the cell.
B) Neurons are propagating the action potential.
C) Neurons are depolarizing and generating an action potential.
D) Neurons are restoring the ionic conditions utilizing the sodium-potassium pump.
E) Neurons are repolarizing as potassium ions diffuse out of the cell.
A) Neurons are polarized with more sodium ions outside the cell and more potassium ions inside
the cell.
46
Immediately after an action potential is propagated, which one of the following ions rapidly
diffuses out of the cell into the tissue fluid?
A) Sodium ions
B) Chloride ions
C) Calcium ions
D) Potassium ions
E) Magnesium ions
D) Potassium ions
47
```
An action potential is caused by an influx of ________ ions into the cell.
A) potassium
B) sodium
C) calcium
D) magnesium
E) both potassium and sodium
```
B) sodium
48
```
Lidocaine is used as a local anesthetic to block the sensation of pain. It operates by
preventing sodium channels from opening in affected neurons. The specific event lidocaine
prevents is ________.
A) repolarization
B) action of the sodium-potassium pump
C) depolarization
D) polarization
E) all-or-nothing response
```
C) depolarization
49
Neurons either conduct action potentials along the length of their axons, or they remain at
rest. This statement best describes ________.
A) a reflex arc
B) the all-or-nothing response
C) repolarization
D) saltatory conduction
E) graded potential
B) the all-or-nothing response
50
Which one of the following is the correct sequence of events that correlates to the sequence
of events of a nerve impulse?
1. the membrane becomes depolarized
2. sodium channels open and sodium ions diffuse inward
3. the membrane becomes repolarized
4. potassium channels open and potassium ions diffuse outward
A) 3, 2, 4, 1
B) 2, 1, 4, 3
C) 2, 1, 3, 4
D) 1, 2, 4, 3
E) 4, 1, 3, 2
B) 2, 1, 4, 3
51
Which ion causes neurotransmitter vesicles to fuse with the axon's membrane during the
conduction of a nerve impulse from one neuron to the next?
A) Chlorine
B) Sodium
C) Potassium
D) Calcium
E) Magnesium
D) Calcium
52
```
The gap between two communicating neurons is termed ________.
A) synaptic cleft
B) cell body
C) effector
D) Schwann cell
E) node of Ranvier
```
A) synaptic cleft
53
```
Which of the following terms indicates a nerve impulse has been initiated and is being
transmitted?
A) Graded potential
B) Action potential
C) Repolarization
D) Local depolarization
E) Depolarization
```
B) Action potential
54
```
Which of the following is not one of the brain's four major regions?
A) Brain stem
B) Ventral ramus
C) Diencephalon
D) Cerebrum
E) Cerebellum
```
B) Ventral ramus
55
Which of the following indicates damage to the primary motor area?
A) Inability to form complex memories
B) Inability to say words properly
C) Inability to recognize patterns and faces
D) Inability to voluntarily move skeletal muscles
E) Inability to involuntarily move smooth muscles
D) Inability to voluntarily move skeletal muscles
56
A stroke in the primary motor area has caused Don to lose control over his skeletal muscles
on the right side of his body. What lobe of his brain was damaged?
A) Occipital lobe
B) Temporal lobe
C) Frontal lobe
D) Parietal lobe
E) Pyramidal tract
C) Frontal lobe
57
Sally has a brain injury; she knows what she wants to say but can't vocalize the words. The
part of her brain that deals with the ability to say words properly is the ________.
A) longitudinal fissure
B) gyrus
C) central sulcus
D) Broca's area
E) primary motor area
D) Broca's area
58
```
The midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata are housed in the ________.
A) diencephalon
B) hypothalamus
C) brain stem
D) pineal gland
E) cerebellum
```
C) brain stem
59
```
The hypothalamus is the "emotional-visceral" center of the brain and, thus, is an important
part of the ________.
A) posterior association area
B) reticular activating system
C) limbic system
D) Broca's area
E) anterior association area
```
C) limbic system
60
```
Which meningeal layer is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
A) Dura mater
B) Pia mater
C) Dorsal ramus
D) Subarachnoid space
E) Filum terminale
```
D) Subarachnoid space
61
A special group of neurons in the gray matter of the brain stem that plays a role in
consciousness and the awake/sleep cycles is the ________.
A) cerebrum
B) reticular activating system (RAS)
C) pineal gland
D) limbic system
E) cerebellum
B) reticular activating system (RAS)
62
```
Control of temperature, endocrine activity, metabolism, and thirst are functions associated
with the ________.
A) medulla oblongata
B) cerebellum
C) hypothalamus
D) thalamus
E) cerebrum
```
C) hypothalamus
63
The vital centers for the control of visceral activities such as heart rate, breathing, blood
pressure, swallowing, and vomiting are located in the ________.
A) pons
B) medulla oblongata
C) midbrain
D) cerebrum
E) hypothalamus
B) medulla oblongata
64
Wendy had a few alcoholic drinks, and then found walking and maintaining her balance
difficult. Which part of her brain was sedated by the alcohol?
A) Cerebrum
B) Hypothalamus
C) Cerebellum
D) Thalamus
E) Pons
C) Cerebellum
65
Which one of the following represents the correct sequence from outermost to innermost
layers of the meninges?
A) Pia mater, dura mater, arachnoid mater
B) Pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater
C) Arachnoid mater, dura mater, pia mater
D) Dura mater, pia mater, arachnoid mater
E) Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
E) Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
66
```
Cerebrospinal fluid is reabsorbed into venous blood in the dural sinuses via the ________.
A) cerebral aqueduct
B) hypothalamus
C) arachnoid granulations
D) choroid plexus
E) pons
```
C) arachnoid granulations
67
Cerebrospinal fluid ________.
A) is secreted by the arachnoid villi
B) enters the four ventricles after filling and circulating through the subarachnoid space
C) is secreted mostly by the ependymal cells lining the brain ventricles
D) is continually formed mostly by the choroid plexuses
E) is identical in composition to whole blood
D) is continually formed mostly by the choroid plexuses
68
```
The blood-brain barrier is effective against the passage of ________.
A) water
B) nutrients such as glucose
C) respiratory gases
D) fats
E) metabolic waste such as urea
```
E) metabolic waste such as urea
69
```
The spinal cord terminates by vertebra ________.
A) C7
B) T3
C) T9
D) L3
E) S4
```
D) L3
70
```
What do the ventral roots and dorsal roots fuse to form?
A) The dorsal root ganglion
B) Medulla oblongata
C) Spinal nerves
D) The spinal cord
E) Central canal
```
C) Spinal nerves
71
Which one of the following is the correct sequence of nerves that exit the spinal cord, from
superior to inferior?
A) Thoracic spinal nerves, cervical spinal nerves, lumbar spinal nerves, sacral spinal nerves
B) Cervical spinal nerves, lumbar spinal nerves, thoracic spinal nerves, sacral spinal nerves
C) Thoracic spinal nerves, cervical spinal nerves, sacral spinal nerves, lumbar spinal nerves
D) Cervical spinal nerves, thoracic spinal nerves, sacral spinal nerves, lumbar spinal nerves
E) Cervical spinal nerves, thoracic spinal nerves, lumbar spinal nerves, sacral spinal nerves
E) Cervical spinal nerves, thoracic spinal nerves, lumbar spinal nerves, sacral spinal nerves
72
```
Which one of the following is the correct sequence in connective tissue sheaths, going from
the outermost to the innermost layer?
A) Epineurium, endoneurium, perineurium
B) Epineurium, perineurium, endoneurium
C) Perineurium, epineurium, endoneurium
D) Perineurium, endoneurium, epineurium
E) Endoneurium, epineurium, perineurium
```
B) Epineurium, perineurium, endoneurium
73
```
Which of the following parts of a spinal nerve contains sensory nerves only?
A) Ventral root
B) Dorsal root ganglion
C) Mixed nerves
D) Ventral ramus
E) Dorsal ramus
```
B) Dorsal root ganglion
74
```
How many pairs of cranial nerves branch from the surface of the brain?
A) Three
B) Five
C) Seven
D) Twelve
E) Eighteen
```
D) Twelve
75
Which nervous system subdivision is a chain of two motor neurons consisting of a
preganglionic neuron and a postganglionic neuron?
A) Somatic
B) Central
C) Autonomic
D) Skeletal
E) Sensory
C) Autonomic
76
```
Which of the following is not a major nerve of the brachial nerve plexus?
A) Radial
B) Axillary
C) Musculocutaneous
D) Median
E) Phrenic
```
E) Phrenic
77
Both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions ________.
A) house the cell bodies of motor neurons within the CNS.
B) control skeletal muscle activity
C) release epinephrine
D) consist of a one-neuron system
E) are in the efferent (motor) division of the PNS
E) are in the efferent (motor) division of the PNS
78
In contrast to the somatic nervous system, the autonomic nervous system ________.
A) has a chain of two motor neurons
B) has a chain of two sensory neurons
C) stimulates its effector cells
D) has both sensory and motor fibers
E) is a subdivision of the central nervous system
A) has a chain of two motor neurons
79
Which nerves dominate parasympathetic division activities?
A) Sensory cranial nerves
B) Nerves of the brachial plexus
C) Thoracolumbar ventral rami of spinal nerves
D) Nerves of the solar plexus
E) Craniosacral nerves
E) Craniosacral nerves
80
```
Preparing the body for the "fight-or-flight" response during threatening situations is the role
of the ________.
A) sympathetic nervous system
B) cerebrum
C) parasympathetic nervous system
D) somatic nervous system
E) afferent nervous system
```
A) sympathetic nervous system
81
Which of the following effects is characteristic of the parasympathetic nervous system?
A) Decreased activity of the digestive system
B) Stimulated sweat glands to produce perspiration
C) Decreased urine output
D) Increased metabolic rate
E) Decreased heart rate
E) Decreased heart rate
82
```
The effects of the sympathetic nervous system are essentially opposite of the ________.
A) central nervous system
B) parasympathetic nervous system
C) autonomic nervous system
D) motor division
E) sensory division
```
B) parasympathetic nervous system
83
We have often heard not to go for a swim after eating a large meal; we need to give our food
time to digest before exercising. Which divisions are competing for control?
A) Sympathetic division and somatic nervous system
B) Autonomic and somatic nervous systems
C) Sensory and motor divisions
D) Sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions
E) Central and peripheral nervous systems
D) Sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions
84
The central nervous system includes the spinal nerves and cranial nerves.
TRUE or FALSE
FALSE
85
The parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems are subdivisions of the autonomic
nervous system.
TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
86
Oligodendrocytes form the myelin sheath around nerve fibers in the PNS.
TRUE or FALSE
FALSE
87
Neuron processes that convey incoming messages toward the cell body are dendrites, whereas
those that generate nerve impulses and typically conduct them away from the cell body are
axons.
TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
88
A sensory neuron carries stimuli from the central nervous system to the effector
TRUE or FALSE
FALSE
89
Gray matter contains collections of unmyelinated fibers and cell bodies in the central nervous
system
TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
90
All motor and association neurons are bipolar neurons, the most common type
TRUE or FALSE
FALSE
91
A graded potential is to local depolarization as an action potential is to a nerve impulse.
TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
92
Depolarization of neurons results from the entry of sodium ions into the cell.
TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
93
The withdrawal, or flexor, reflex is one of the only voluntary reflexes
TRUE or FALSE
FALSE
94
The primary motor area allows us to consciously move our skeletal muscles.
TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
95
Difficulty in breathing may reflect damage to respiratory centers located in the brain stem.
TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
96
One of the major functions of the pons is to regulate hormonal output of the anterior pituitary
gland.
TRUE or FALSE
FALSE
97
The thalamus plays a role in regulation of body temperature, metabolism, and water balance.
TRUE or FALSE
FALSE
98
The reticular activating system (RAS) plays a role in consciousness and the sleep-awake
cycle.
TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
99
Sensory (afferent) tracts located within the white matter of the spinal cord conduct
information to the brain.
TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
100
The ventral and dorsi rami of each spinal nerve contain both sensory and motor nerves.
TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
101
The vagus nerves are the only pair of cranial nerves to extend to the thoracic and abdominal
cavities.
TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
102
Complex networks of spinal nerves are termed nerve plexuses.
| TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
103
Sympathetic postganglionic fibers release norepinephrine, and the preganglionic axon
releases acetylcholine.
TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
104
Both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems operate with a chain of two
motor neurons.
TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
105
The parasympathetic division is also called the craniosacral division since the preganglionic
neurons originate in the brain and sacral region of the spinal cord.
TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
