Week 4 Nervous System Flashcards
The neural processes that convey incoming messages toward the cell body are indicated by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) Label H B) Label G C) Label A D) Label F E) Label B
C) Label A
The metabolic center of the neuron is indicated by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) Label D B) Label F C) Label A D) Label H E) Label I
A) Label D
The axon terminals are indicated by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) Label I B) Label G C) Label B D) Label A E) Label C
E) Label C
The axon is indicated by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) Label B B) Label F C) Label H D) Label I E) Label A
A) Label B
The gaps between Schwann cells are indicated by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) Label D B) Label H C) Label B D) Label F E) Label A
B) Label H
The nucleus of the neuron is indicated by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) Label E B) Label I C) Label A D) Label B E) Label F
A) Label E
What are the two main functional subdivisions of the nervous system? A) Central and peripheral B) Somatic and autonomic C) Sensory and motor D) Autonomic and sympathetic
C) Sensory and motor
What cells form the myelin sheaths around nerve fibers in the PNS? A) Satellite cells B) Ependymal cells C) Schwann cells D) Microglial cells
C) Schwann cells
Support cells in the central nervous system are collectively called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) myelin sheaths B) neuroglia C) oligodendrocytes D) microglia
B) neuroglia
The part of the neuron that typically conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) dendrite B) cell body C) synaptic cleft D) axon
D) axon
The gaps between Schwann cells found at regular intervals in peripheral system neurons are called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) synaptic clefts B) axon terminals C) nodes of Ranvier D) myelin sheaths
C) nodes of Ranvier
Sensory receptors located in muscles and tendons are termed \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) Meissner's corpuscles B) proprioceptors C) lamellar corpuscles D) association neurons
B) proprioceptors
Mr. Warren has spinal cord damage that prevents nerve impulses from being carried from the CNS to muscles or glands. What specific type of neuron has been damaged? A) Afferent neurons B) Sensory neuron C) Motor neuron D) Axon terminals
C) Motor neuron
A polarized neuron is characterized by the presence of more \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ions along the plasma membrane outside the cell and less \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ions along the plasma membrane inside the cell. A) calcium; sodium B) sodium; potassium C) potassium; sodium D) sodium; calcium
B) sodium; potassium
Myelinated fibers (tracts) form \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ matter while unmyelinated fibers form \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ matter. A) sensory; motor B) gray; white C) motor; sensory D) white; gray
D) white; gray
What type of neuron connects sensory and motor neurons in neural pathways? A) Interneurons (association neurons) B) Afferent neurons C) Efferent neurons D) Bipolar neurons
A) Interneurons (association neurons)
After repolarization, what ions are pumped out of the cell? A) Sodium B) Potassium C) Both sodium and potassium D) Calcium
A) Sodium
The thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus collectively constitute the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) cerebellum B) diencephalon (interbrain) C) brain stem D) cerebrum
B) diencephalon (interbrain)
The brain and spinal cord are protected and cushioned by three connective tissue membranes that are collectively called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) ventricles B) arachnoid villi C) meninges D) sinuses
C) meninges
Cerebrospinal fluid is formed from blood by clusters of capillaries in the brain known as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) choroid plexuses B) arachnoid villi C) ventricles D) sinuses
A) choroid plexuses
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) does not flow through the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) cerebral aqueduct B) fourth ventricle C) subarachnoid space D) corpus callosum
D) corpus callosum
What fissure separates the two cerebral hemispheres of the brain? A) Transverse fissure B) Longitudinal fissure C) Sagittal fissure D) Tentorium cerebelli
B) Longitudinal fissure
The hypothalamus regulates the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) pineal gland B) pituitary gland C) pons D) thalamus
B) pituitary gland
What portion of the diencephalon acts as a relay station for sensory impulses traveling upward to the sensory cortex? A) Pons B) Pituitary gland C) Thalamus D) Hypothalamus
C) Thalamus
The delicate innermost membrane, or meningeal layer, that clings to the surface of the brain
and spinal cord is known as the ________ mater.
A) dura
B) arachnoid
C) periosteal
D) pia
D) pia
How many pairs of spinal nerves emerge from the spinal cord? A) 12 B) 18 C) 25 D) 31
D) 31
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a connective tissue wrapping around fascicles of neuron fibers. A) epineurium B) endoneurium C) perineurium D) perimysium
C) perineurium
Which branch of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) mobilizes the body during extreme situations, such as rage or fear? A) Sympathetic division B) Parasympathetic division C) Somatic division D) Sensory division
A) Sympathetic division
Which pair of cranial nerves is mismatched with its name? A) Cranial nerve IX: glossopharyngeal B) Cranial nerve II: oculomotor C) Cranial nerve VIII: vestibulocochlear D) Cranial nerve X: vagus
B) Cranial nerve II: oculomotor
Which cranial nerve pairs are purely motor and control eye movement?
A) Optic, vestibulocochlear, and accessory
B) Olfactory, optic, and oculomotor
C) Oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens
D) Trochlear, abducens, and facial
C) Oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens
Each spinal nerve divides into a dorsal and a ventral \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) ramus B) tract C) ganglion D) plexus
A) ramus
What division of the autonomic nervous system is often called the "rest-and-digest" division? A) Somatic B) Sympathetic C) Parasympathetic D) Afferent
C) Parasympathetic
The term central nervous system refers to the ________.
A) autonomic and peripheral nervous systems
B) brain, spinal cord, and cranial nerves
C) brain and cranial nerves
D) spinal cord and spinal nerves
E) brain and spinal cord
E) brain and spinal cord
Fibers that carry information from the skin, joints, and skeletal muscles to the central nervous system are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) motor B) both visceral and sensory C) both somatic and sensory D) interneurons (association neurons) E) parasympathetic
C) both somatic and sensory
Which of these neuroglial cells contributes to the structure of the blood-brain barrier? A) Astrocytes B) Oligodendrocytes C) Schwann cells D) Ependymal cells E) Satellite cells
A) Astrocytes
Which ciliated neuroglial cell circulates cerebrospinal fluid? A) Oligodendrocytes B) Schwann cells C) Microglia D) Ependymal cells E) Astrocytes
D) Ependymal cells
What part of the neuron releases vesicles containing neurotransmitters? A) Axon terminals B) Dendrites C) Axon hillock D) Schwann cells E) Myelin sheath
A) Axon terminals
Ms. Young feels deep pressure during a tooth extraction. Which type of sensory receptor detects this sensation? A) Free nerve ending B) Golgi tendon organ C) Meissner's corpuscle D) Proprioceptor E) Lamellar corpuscle
E) Lamellar corpuscle
What is the primary role of the interneuron (association neuron)?
A) Carry information from the central nervous system to muscles and/or the viscera
B) Form a lipid-protein (lipoprotein) cell membrane on the outside of axons
C) Transmit nerve impulses from the skin and organs to the central nervous system
D) Connect motor and sensory neurons in their pathways
E) Detect the amount of stretch in skeletal muscles or tendons and their joints
D) Connect motor and sensory neurons in their pathways
How are neurons with several processes branching off the cell body, such as motor neurons
and interneurons (association neurons), structurally classified?
A) Efferent
B) Multipolar
C) Afferent
D) Bipolar
E) Unipolar
B) Multipolar
What are the two major functional properties of neurons? A) Cover and line body surfaces B) Contraction and movements C) Irritability and conductivity D) Connect and protect E) Lubricate and secrete
C) Irritability and conductivity
Ganglia are collections of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) nuclei B) dendrites C) cell bodies D) axons E) axon terminals
C) cell bodies