Week 3 Skeletal System Flashcards
1
Q
The proximal epiphysis is represented by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) Label H B) Label C C) Label A D) Label B E) Label F
A
D) Label B
2
Q
The area that causes the lengthwise growth of a long bone is indicated by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) Label F B) Label D C) Label A D) Label E E) Label C
A
D) Label E
3
Q
The area that serves as a storage area for fat (adipose tissue) in adults is indicated by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) Label H B) Label F C) Label A D) Label G E) Label B
A
A) Label H
4
Q
The diaphysis is indicated by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) Label D B) Label C C) Label G D) Label A E) Label H
A
B) Label C
5
Q
The periosteum, a connective tissue covering on the diaphysis, is represented by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) Label C B) Label A C) Label G D) Label B E) Label F
A
E) Label F
6
Q
The area that contains glassy hyaline cartilage that provides a smooth slippery surface that
decreases friction is indicated by ________.
A) Label D
B) Label H
C) Label E
D) Label B
E) Label A
A
A) Label D
7
Q
Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system? A) Storage of fat and minerals B) Support the body C) Protection of soft body organs D) Regulation of blood pressure
A
D) Regulation of blood pressure
8
Q
What bones protect the spinal cord? A) Ribs B) Sternum C) Vertebrae D) Coxal bones
A
C) Vertebrae
9
Q
Cube-shaped bones that contain mostly spongy bone are called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ bones. A) flat B) long C) short D) irregular
A
C) short
10
Q
Small canals that connect osteocytes in their lacunae to the central canal are known as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) canaliculi B) perforating (Volkmann's) canals C) central (Haversian) canals D) perforating (Sharpey's) fibers
A
A) canaliculi
11
Q
The process of bone formation is known as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) hematopoiesis B) hemostasis C) metabolism D) ossification
A
D) ossification
12
Q
Mothers who breast-feed their children will lose a percentage of calcium from their bones. Which hormone is responsible for raising blood calcium levels when they drop below homeostatic levels? A) Calcitonin B) Parathyroid hormone (PTH) C) Insulin D) Growth hormone
A
B) Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
13
Q
The skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage form the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ skeleton. A) appendicular B) central C) axial D) main
A
C) axial
14
Q
The large hole located in the base of the occipital bone that allows the spinal cord and brain to connect is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) occipital condyle B) vertebral foramen C) intervertebral foramen D) foramen magnum
A
D) foramen magnum
15
Q
The temporal bones are joined with the parietal bones at the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ sutures. A) coronal B) sagittal C) squamous D) lambdoid
A
C) squamous
16
Q
From superior to inferior, what is the correct order of the vertebrae? A) lumbar, thoracic, and cervical B) cervical, lumbar, and thoracic C) cervical, thoracic, and lumbar D) sacral, cervical, and lumbar
A
C) cervical, thoracic, and lumbar
17
Q
The head of the humerus fits into the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of the scapula. A) acromion process B) glenoid cavity C) suprascapular notch D) coracoid process
A
B) glenoid cavity
18
Q
Two or more bones meet at a location called a(n) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) fracture B) hematoma C) articulation (joint) D) marrow cavity
A
C) articulation (joint)
19
Q
Immovable joints are functionally classified as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) diarthroses B) synarthroses C) amphiarthroses D) symphyses
A
B) synarthroses
20
Q
The parietal bone is indicated by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) Label M B) Label O C) Label A D) Label H E) Label P
A
C) Label A
21
Q
The fibula is indicated by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) Label Q B) Label X C) Label R D) Label T E) Label W
A
B) Label X
22
Q
The patella is indicated by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) Label E B) Label G C) Label I D) Label U E) Label A
A
C) Label I
23
Q
The manubrium, body, and xiphoid process fuse to form the bone indicated by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) Label O B) Label N C) Label A D) Label K E) Label B
A
A) Label O
24
Q
The radius bone is indicated by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) Label T B) Label R C) Label F D) Label S E) Label Q
A
E) Label Q
25
```
The mandible is indicated by ________.
A) Label N
B) Label W
C) Label M
D) Label C
E) Label B
```
A) Label N
26
```
The carpals are indicated by ________.
A) Label N
B) Label X
C) Label J
D) Label I
E) Label T
```
E) Label T
27
```
The greater tubercle and trochlea are bone markings situated on the bone marked by
________.
A) Label O
B) Label I
C) Label E
D) Label Y
E) Label A
```
C) Label E
28
```
The ilium, pubis, and ischium fuse to form the bone marked by ________.
A) Label F
B) Label G
C) Label T
D) Label H
E) Label I
```
B) Label G
29
```
Julie experienced a break in the shaft of her femur. What part of her bone was fractured?
A) Epiphysis
B) Epiphyseal plate
C) Articular cartilage
D) Diaphysis
E) Epiphyseal line
```
D) Diaphysis
30
```
The arrangement of bone tissue shown in Figure 5.3 consists of ________.
A) osteons (Haversian systems)
B) yellow marrow
C) trabeculae
D) neurons
E) red marrow
```
A) osteons (Haversian systems)
31
```
When growing bones widen through appositional growth, what cells add bone matrix to the
outside of the diaphysis?
A) Erythrocytes
B) Osteoblasts
C) Osteoclasts
D) Chondrocytes
E) Osteocytes
```
C) Osteoclasts
32
```
The femur, tibia, humerus, and radius are all classified as ________.
A) compact bones
B) irregular bones
C) flat bones
D) long bones
E) sesamoid bones
```
D) long bones
33
```
What type of tissue covers the epiphysis of bones and reduces friction in the joints?
A) Yellow marrow
B) Endosteum
C) Spongy bone
D) Periosteum
E) Articular cartilage
```
E) Articular cartilage
34
In adults, the function of the yellow marrow is to ________.
A) store adipose tissue
B) form blood cells
C) store calcium and phosphorus
D) promote lengthwise growth in long bones
E) decrease friction at joint surfaces
A) store adipose tissue
35
```
The presence of an epiphyseal plate indicates that ________.
A) bone is dead
B) bone length is no longer increasing
C) bone diameter is increasing
D) bone diameter is decreasing
E) bone length is increasing
```
E) bone length is increasing
36
```
Each complex of central canal and matrix rings in compact bone is known as ________.
A) a perforating (Volkmann's) canal
B) the epiphysis
C) a canaliculus
D) a central (Haversian) canal
E) an osteon (Haversian system)
```
E) an osteon (Haversian system)
37
```
What does collagen contribute as a component of bone?
A) Elasticity
B) Hardness
C) Flexibility
D) Brittleness
E) Resistance to compression
```
C) Flexibility
38
```
Which of the following is only found associated with a child's bone?
A) Diaphysis
B) Marrow cavity
C) Epiphyseal plate
D) Periosteum
E) Articular cartilage
```
C) Epiphyseal plate
39
```
Which of these bone markings is a projection that serves as a site for muscle or ligament
attachment?
A) External auditory meatus
B) Subscapular fossa
C) Foramen magnum
D) Inferior orbital fissure
E) Greater tubercle
```
E) Greater tubercle
40
```
What is housed in a lacuna of compact bone tissue?
A) Lamellae
B) Collagen fibers
C) An osteon
D) An osteocyte
E) An osteoclast
```
D) An osteocyte
41
```
The canal that runs through the core of each osteon (Haversian system) is the ________.
A) canaliculi
B) central (Haversian) canal
C) perforating (Sharpey's) fibers
D) perforating (Volkmann's) canal
E) lamellae
```
B) central (Haversian) canal
42
```
A fracture in the ________ can impair the lengthwise growth of bones in a child.
A) epiphyseal plate
B) osteoblasts
C) periosteum
D) medullary cavity
E) articular cartilage
```
A) epiphyseal plate
43
```
What kind of tissue is the forerunner of long bones in the embryo?
A) elastic connective tissue
B) dense fibrous connective tissue
C) fibrocartilage
D) hyaline cartilage
E) loose fibrous connective tissue
```
D) hyaline cartilage
44
```
What type of bone cell is primarily active when bone growth occurs?
A) Osteocyte
B) Erythrocyte
C) Chondrocyte
D) Osteoblast
E) Osteoclast
```
D) Osteoblast
45
What determines where bone matrix will be remodeled?
A) Sex hormones
B) Osteoblasts and osteoclasts
C) The pull of gravity and muscles on the skeleton and calcium ion levels in the blood
D) Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin
E) Sodium ion levels in the blood
C) The pull of gravity and muscles on the skeleton and calcium ion levels in the blood
46
```
There are four stages in the healing of a bone fracture. Which of the following best illustrates the sequence of these stages?
1. bony callus formation
2. bone remodeling
3. fibrocartilage callus formation
4. hematoma formation
A) 4, 3, 2, 1
B) 4, 3, 1, 2
C) 1, 2, 3, 4
D) 1, 3, 4, 2
E) 1, 3, 2, 4
```
B) 4, 3, 1, 2
47
Bone growth in width that occurs due to weight lifting at age 40 is most likely ________.
A) due to rickets
B) none since bones do not grow after adolescence
C) appositional growth
D) occurring at the epiphyseal lines
E) occurring at the epiphyseal plates
C) appositional growth
48
```
The axial skeleton contains ________.
1. skull
2. scapula
3. true and false ribs
4. vertebrae
5. phalanges
A) 1, 3, 4, 5
B) 1, 3, 4
C) 2, 5
D) 2, 3, 4, 5
E) 1, 2, 3, 5
```
B) 1, 3, 4
49
```
Which bones are commonly referred to as the cheekbones?
A) Lacrimal bones
B) Zygomatic bones
C) Parietal bones
D) Temporal bones
E) Palatine bones
```
B) Zygomatic bones
50
```
Identify the bones that do not house a paranasal sinus.
A) Frontal bones
B) Maxillary bones
C) Ethmoid bones
D) Sphenoid bones
E) Zygomatic bones
```
E) Zygomatic bones
51
```
The fibrous connections between the bones of a fetal skull are ________.
A) alveolar margins
B) sinuses
C) palates
D) crista galli
E) fontanels
```
E) fontanels
52
```
Which bones are associated with the palm of the hand?
A) Phalanges
B) Carpals
C) Metatarsals
D) Tarsals
E) Metacarpals
```
E) Metacarpals
53
The hyoid bone is unique because it ________.
A) is the only bone of the body that does not directly articulate with any other bone
B) is an irregular bone
C) belongs to both the axial and appendicular skeletons
D) has no specific function
E) largely consists of cartilage
A) is the only bone of the body that does not directly articulate with any other bone
54
```
Which spinal curvature is associated with the lower back and appears when a baby begins to
walk?
A) Cervical
B) Primary
C) Lumbar
D) Thoracic
E) Sacral
```
C) Lumbar
55
```
Which type of rib connects directly to the sternum by way of costal cartilage?
A) True ribs only
B) True and false ribs
C) Floating ribs only
D) False ribs only
E) False and floating ribs
```
A) True ribs only
56
```
What part of axis (C2) allows you to pivot your head left and right as if to say "no?"
A) Body
B) Spinous process
C) Dens
D) Transverse foramen
E) Transverse process
```
C) Dens
57
```
In lab, you find a vertebra with foramina situated in the transverse processes. Which type of
vertebrae must this be?
A) Thoracic
B) Cervical
C) Lumbar
D) Sacrum
E) Coccyx
```
B) Cervical
58
```
Which bone has a trochlea and capitulum at its distal end?
A) Ulna
B) Radius
C) Tibia
D) Humerus
E) Femur
```
D) Humerus
59
The sternum is the result of fusion of three bones called the ________.
A) ischium, ilium, coccyx
B) pubis, ischium, ilium
C) manubrium, body, xiphoid process
D) jugular notch, sternal angle, xiphisternal joint
E) true ribs, manubrium, xiphoid process
C) manubrium, body, xiphoid process
60
```
What part of the femur articulates with the acetabulum of the coxal bone?
A) Greater trochanter
B) Surgical neck
C) Patellar surface
D) Head
E) Linea aspera
```
D) Head
61
```
Which of these bones is the most inferior?
A) Atlas
B) Sacrum
C) Lumbar vertebrae
D) Coccyx
E) Axis
```
D) Coccyx
62
You examine an articulated skeleton in the laboratory and determine the skeleton to be a female since ________.
A) the angle of the female pubic arch is smaller than in a male
B) the distance between the female ischial spines is greater than in a male
C) the distance between the female ischial tuberosities is less than in a male
D) the female iliac bones are less flared than in a male
E) the female pelvis as a whole is deeper, and the bones are heavier and thicker than in a male
B) the distance between the female ischial spines is greater than in a male
63
```
The type of joint shown in Figure 5.4 is ________.
A) a suture
B) a fibrous joint
C) an amphiarthrotic joint
D) a cartilaginous joint
E) a synovial joint
```
E) a synovial joint
64
```
Select the functional type of joint with the least amount of mobility.
A) Amphiarthrosis
B) Synovial
C) Diarthrosis
D) Synarthrosis
E) Cartilaginous
```
D) Synarthrosis
65
```
What type of joint is characterized by the presence of a joint cavity, ligaments, and articular
cartilage with an articular capsule?
A) Synovial joint
B) Amphiarthroses
C) Synarthroses
D) Cartilaginous joints
E) Fibrous joints
```
A) Synovial joint
66
```
Plane, hinge, and pivot joints are examples of ________.
A) amphiarthroses
B) synovial joints
C) cartilaginous joints
D) synarthroses
E) fibrous joints
```
B) synovial joints
67
```
How would you classify the shoulder and hip joints?
A) Pivot joint
B) Ball-and-socket joint
C) Condylar joint
D) Hinge joint
E) Saddle joint
```
B) Ball-and-socket joint
68
```
Four of the five answers listed below are parts of the same anatomical area. Select the
exception.
A) Humerus
B) Radius
C) Scapula
D) Fibula
E) Clavicle
```
D) Fibula
69
```
You're assisting with an exam for a young boy who broke the distal ends of his fibula and tibia. The physician examined the X-ray and discussed the evaluation with the family. The conversation focused on the potential loss of lengthwise growth at the broken end of the boy's bones. From this information, you assess the break must have affected the ________.
A) articular cartilage
B) spongy bone
C) medullary cavity
D) epiphyseal plate
E) epiphyseal line
```
D) epiphyseal plate
70
On an exam, you recognize the bone in front of you as a long bone. It has a rather large
knobby head and a tuberosity on its proximal end; two epicondyles and two rounded condyles
are present on the distal end. What bone marking or characteristic helps you conclude the bone is
a femur?
A) Head
B) Tuberosity
C) Epicondyles
D) Condyles
E) Long bone
C) Epicondyles
71
The skeletal system is divided into two parts: the axial skeleton, the bones that form the longitudinal axis of the body, and the appendicular skeleton, the bones of the limbs and girdles that attach them to the skeleton
TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
72
Two basic types of bone tissue are compact bone and smooth bone
TRUE or FALSE
FALSE
73
The arrangement of lamellae around central (Haversian) canals forms osteons (Haversian systems).
TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
74
Hypercalcemia promotes the deposition of calcium to bones using osteoblasts.
TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
75
Broken bones do not bleed since bone tissue is avascular.
| TRUE or FALSE
FALSE
76
The last two pairs of ribs are called true ribs because they have no attachments to the sternum.
TRUE or FALSE
FALSE
77
Teeth are anchored in the maxillary bones and the mandible.
| TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
78
The spinal cord passes through the body of each vertebra.
| TRUE or FALSE
FALSE
79
The intervertebral discs that cushion the spine and absorb shock are composed of fibrocartilage.
TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
80
The medial malleolus of the tibia and lateral malleolus of the fibula form the two parts of the ankle.
TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
81
There are seven cervical, twelve thoracic, and five lumbar vertebrae.
TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
82
A newborn baby has an S-shaped spinal curvature known as a primary curvature.
TRUE or FALSE
FALSE
83
Diarthroses have a greater degree of mobility and flexibility than synarthrose
TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
84
Osteoporosis is a bone-thinning disease that often affects young women.
TRUE or FALSE
