Week 2 - Cells and Tissues Flashcards
1
Q
The illustration of simple cuboidal epithelium is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D E) Label E
A
B) Label B
2
Q
The illustration of skeletal muscle tissue is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D E) Label E
A
E) Label E
3
Q
The illustration of stratified squamous epithelium is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D E) Label E
A
D) Label D
4
Q
The illustration of simple squamous epithelium is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D E) Label E
A
A) Label A
5
Q
The illustration of cardiac muscle tissue is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D E) Label E
A
C) Label C
6
Q
Cellular material located outside the nucleus yet inside the plasma membrane is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) nucleolus B) cytoplasm C) interstitial fluid D) extracellular fluid
A
B) cytoplasm
7
Q
The specialized cellular compartments within the cytosol of the cell are collectively called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) organelles B) cilia C) flagella D) microvilli
A
A) organelles
8
Q
Which type of cell junction anchors cells together, so as to prevent the cells of cardiac muscle
tissue from pulling apart due to mechanical stress as the heart beats?
A) Tight junctions
B) Gap junctions
C) Desmosomes
D) Cytoplasm
A
C) Desmosomes
9
Q
A needle piercing through a plasma membrane would travel through ________.
A) two layers of cholesterol embedded with carbohydrates
B) one layer of phospholipids situated on a layer of cholesterol
C) two layers of phospholipids embedded with proteins
D) two layers of proteins embedded with some phospholipids
A
D) two layers of proteins embedded with some phospholipids
10
Q
Muscle cells need abundant ATP for muscle contractions. Which organelle must commonly
be found in muscle cells to accommodate ATP production?
A) Golgi apparatus
B) Mitochondrion
C) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) Lysosome
A
B) Mitochondrion
11
Q
The membrane connections that prevent the leaking of fluid between cells are called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) gap junctions B) tight junctions C) desmosomes D) microvilli
A
B) tight junctions
12
Q
Place the following steps of protein synthesis and export from the cell in the proper order.
1. The protein folds into its functional shape.
2. The transport vesicle travels to the Golgi apparatus for further processing.
3. The protein is packaged in a transport vesicle.
4. The protein is synthesized on the ribosome as it migrates through the rough ER.
A) 1, 3, 2, 4
B) 4, 1, 2, 3
C) 1, 3, 4, 2
D) 4, 1, 3, 2
A
D) 4, 1, 3, 2
13
Q
The passive process that involves the movement of water through aquaporins is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) facilitated diffusion B) endocytosis C) solute pumping D) osmosis
A
D) osmosis
14
Q
What separates the intracellular fluid from the extracellular fluid? A) Nucleus B) Cytoskeleton C) Plasma membrane D) Mitochondrion
A
C) Plasma membrane
15
Q
What is required for filtration to occur? A) ATP B) Solute pumps C) Pressure gradient D) Protein carriers
A
C) Pressure gradient
16
Q
Groups of cells that are similar in both structure and function are known as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) organs B) organ systems C) tissues D) atoms
A
C) tissues
17
Q
Which of the following is not a hallmark feature of epithelial tissues?
A) Epithelial tissues have a basement membrane.
B) Epithelial tissues have an apical surface.
C) Epithelial tissues cover body surfaces both inside and outside.
D) Epithelial tissues are well vascularized.
A
D) Epithelial tissues are well vascularized.
18
Q
The type of tissue that functions to protect, support, insulate, and cushion together body tissues are classified as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) epithelial tissues B) connective tissues C) muscle tissues D) nervous tissues
A
B) connective tissues
19
Q
People with asthma produce too much mucus, which can block the airways. What type of
cell associated with the epithelium of the respiratory tract is responsible for making mucus?
A) Fibroblast
B) Chondrocyte
C) Goblet cell
D) Osteocyte
A
C) Goblet cell
20
Q
The specific type of epithelial tissue found lining organs of the digestive system such as the small intestine is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) simple columnar B) simple cuboidal C) pseudostratified columnar D) simple squamous
A
A) simple columnar
21
Q
Tendons and ligaments are classified as ________.
A) skeletal muscle tissue
B) loose connective tissue
C) areolar connective tissue
D) dense connective (regular fibrous) tissue
A
D) dense connective (regular fibrous) tissue
22
Q
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ connective tissue is commonly called fat. A) Adipose B) Bone C) Reticular D) Dense fibrous
A
A) Adipose
23
Q
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ muscle tissue has no visible striations and is found in the walls of hollow organs. A) Smooth B) Cardiac C) Skeletal D) Dense regular
A
A) Smooth
24
Q
Irritability and conductivity are the two major functional characteristics of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) epithelial tissue B) nervous tissue C) loose connective tissue D) dense connective tissue
A
B) nervous tissue
25
```
The cell shown in Figure 3.2 has been placed into a(n) ________ solution.
A) hypertonic
B) hypotonic
C) isotonic
D) equilibrium
```
B) hypotonic
26
```
The structural and functional unit of all living things is the ________.
A) nucleus
B) element
C) cytoplasm
D) cell
E) organelle
```
D) cell
27
Which of the following statements is not part of the cell theory?
A) The activities of cells are determined by their structure, which determines function.
B) The human body is composed of 50 to 100 trillion cells.
C) Cells are the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms.
D) The activity of an organism depends on its collective cellular activities.
E) The continuity of life has a cellular basis.
B) The human body is composed of 50 to 100 trillion cells.
28
What are the three basic parts or regions of a cell?
A) Cytosol, cytoplasm, and intracellular fluid
B) Nucleus, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane
C) Nuclear envelope, DNA, and nuclear pores
D) Nucleus, intracellular fluid, organelles
E) Cytoplasm, plasma membrane, extracellular fluid
Answer: B
Page Ref: 61
Nucleus, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane
29
```
Which of the following is not a structural component of the nucleus?
A) Nuclear envelope
B) Nucleolus
C) Golgi apparatus
D) Chromatin
E) Nuclear pores
```
C) Golgi apparatus
30
```
Nutrients and ions can pass directly from cell to cell through special membrane junctions
known as ________.
A) desmosomes
B) gap (communicating) junctions
C) inclusions
D) microvilli
E) tight junctions
```
B) gap (communicating) junctions
31
```
The three major components of the cytoplasm are the ________.
A) cytosol, organelles, and inclusions
B) cytosol, inclusions, and nucleoli
C) cytosol, organelles, and nucleoli
D) organelles, inclusions, and nucleoli
E) organelles, inclusions, and ribosomes
```
A) cytosol, organelles, and inclusions
32
If someone sitting at the other end of a bar is smoking, you may still breathe in some of the
smoke. What process involves the movement of the smoke away from its source?
A) Diffusion
B) Osmosis
C) Facilitated diffusion
D) Endocytosis
E) Filtration
A) Diffusion
33
```
Where are proteins sent to be modified and packaged before being exported from the cell?
A) Mitochondrion
B) Golgi apparatus
C) Cytoskeleton
D) Peroxisome
E) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
```
B) Golgi apparatus
34
```
The organelle that contains enzymes produced by ribosomes and packaged by the Golgi
apparatus is the ________.
A) Golgi apparatus
B) lysosome
C) peroxisome
D) ribosome
E) rough endoplasmic reticulum
```
B) lysosome
35
The small intestine has tiny, finger-like projections of the plasma membrane that help
increase the surface area and aid in absorption of nutrients known as ________.
A) vesicles
B) cilia
C) centrioles
D) microvilli
E) flagella
D) microvilli
36
Passive processes that move substances across membranes ________.
A) utilize ATP
B) employ protein pumps
C) transport substances against their concentration gradients
D) do not require ATP
E) include exocytosis and endocytosis
D) do not require ATP
37
```
What is required for osmosis to occur?
A) Pressure gradient
B) Solute pump
C) Aquaporins
D) Sodium-potassium pump
E) Vesicles
```
C) Aquaporins
38
```
What assists the movement of substances that travel by facilitated diffusion?
A) ATP
B) Protein carrier or channel
C) Lysosomes
D) Aquaporins
E) Solute pumps
```
B) Protein carrier or channel
39
```
What is required for simple diffusion to occur?
A) Protein carrier or channel
B) Concentration gradient
C) ATP
D) Solute pump
E) Ribosomes
```
B) Concentration gradient
40
```
What are two types of endocytosis?
A) Cellular secretion and solute pumping
B) Solute pumping and active transport
C) Active transport and phagocytosis
D) Phagocytosis and pinocytosis
E) Pinocytosis and passive transport
```
D) Phagocytosis and pinocytosis
41
```
A solution that contains fewer solutes than the cell is ________ to the cell.
A) hypotonic
B) hypertonic
C) intravenous
D) isotonic
E) Ringer's lactate
```
A) hypotonic
42
```
Which of the following substances must travel across a membrane via facilitated diffusion?
A) Carbon dioxide
B) Water
C) Oxygen
D) Fat-soluble vitamins
E) Glucose
```
E) Glucose
43
Which of the following processes require the use of protein carrier molecules?
A) Facilitated diffusion and solute pumping
B) Facilitated diffusion and vesicular transport
C) Vesicular transport and osmosis
D) Osmosis and filtration
E) Filtration and exocytosis
A) Facilitated diffusion and solute pumping
44
A cell is isotonic to the surrounding 4% dextrose solution. If the cell is moved to a 6%
dextrose solution, predict how the cell responds.
A) The cell will shrink.
B) The cell will not change in size or shape.
C) The cell will bloat.
D) The cell will rupture.
E) The cell will lyse.
A) The cell will shrink.
45
```
A tissue constructed of a single layer of flattened cells is known as ________.
A) simple squamous epithelium
B) simple columnar epithelium
C) simple cuboidal epithelium
D) stratified squamous epithelium
E) transitional epithelium
```
A) simple squamous epithelium
46
```
Which type of tissue is insulated, supported, and protected by neuroglia?
A) Epithelial tissue
B) Muscle tissue
C) Nervous tissue
D) Connective tissue
E) Dense tissue
```
C) Nervous tissue
47
```
Which of the following is not classified as a connective tissue?
A) Bone
B) Hyaline cartilage
C) Blood
D) Skeletal muscle
E) Loose adipose
```
D) Skeletal muscle
48
```
Which type of tissue is situated in the lining of the urinary bladder and urethra where
stretching occurs?
A) Simple cuboidal epithelium
B) Stratified squamous epithelium
C) Simple squamous epithelium
D) Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
E) Transitional epithelium
```
E) Transitional epithelium
49
```
The tissue that is usually well vascularized and has an extensive extracellular matrix is called
________.
A) epithelial tissue
B) connective tissue
C) nervous tissue
D) muscle tissue
E) brain tissue
```
B) connective tissue
50
```
The major cell type of cartilage is the ________.
A) goblet cell
B) fibroblast
C) osteocyte
D) chondrocyte
E) lacuna
```
D) chondrocyte
51
```
What forms the hard matrix of osseous tissue (bone)?
A) Calcium salts
B) Water
C) Fibroblasts
D) Plasma
E) Cartilage
```
A) Calcium salts
52
```
Identify the type of connective tissue that is found in lymph nodes, the spleen, and bone
marrow.
A) Adipose tissue
B) Dense connective tissue
C) Areolar tissue
D) Reticular connective tissue
E) Osseous tissue
```
D) Reticular connective tissue
53
Glands, such as the thyroid, that secrete their products so that they directly diffuse into the
blood rather than through ducts are classified as ________.
A) exocrine
B) endocrine
C) sebaceous
D) ceruminous
E) sudoriferous
B) endocrine
54
```
What characteristic is shared by both cardiac and smooth muscle tissue?
A) Presence of striations
B) Long, slow contractions
C) Presence of intercalated discs
D) Involuntary contractions
E) Presence of short, branching cells
```
D) Involuntary contractions
55
The type of muscle found in the walls of hollow organs, such as the stomach, and in the
walls of blood vessels is ________.
A) cardiac muscle
B) skeletal muscle
C) smooth muscle
D) both smooth muscle and skeletal muscle
E) both cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle
C) smooth muscle
56
```
The presence of chondrocytes indicates that a tissue is ________.
A) adipose
B) cartilage
C) bone
D) blood
E) areolar
```
B) cartilage
57
```
Damaged tissues that are repaired by the same kind of cells experience a replacement process
known as ________.
A) inflammation
B) regeneration
C) fibrosis
D) scarring
E) clotting
```
B) regeneration
58
Due to the cast placed on her broken leg, Kinsley's muscles have decreased in size. Which
term best describes how her muscles have been affected?
A) Hyperplasia
B) Neoplasm
C) Atrophy
D) Benign
E) Malignant
C) Atrophy
59
```
Jacinda tore her Achilles (calcaneal) tendon during a recent track meet. She has injured
________.
A) muscle tissue
B) loose connective tissue
C) epithelial tissue
D) dense connective tissue
E) nervous tissue
```
D) dense connective tissue
60
Looking into a microscope, you notice cells swimming, propelled by a long tail. What cell
structure must these cells have in order to be mobile?
A) Ribosomes
B) Smooth ER
C) Flagella
D) Peroxisomes
E) Cytoplasm
C) Flagella
61
```
Which of the following tissues is constructed of many collagen fibers?
A) Blood
B) Scar tissue
C) Transitional epithelium
D) Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
E) Simple cuboidal epithelium
```
B) Scar tissue
62
```
) Which type of connective tissue is avascular?
A) Adipose
B) Bone
C) Cartilage
D) Areolar
E) Reticular
```
C) Cartilage
63
```
Which type of tissue is most likely to repair itself if injured?
A) Cardiac muscle tissue
B) Dense connective tissue
C) Skeletal muscle tissue
D) Nervous tissue
E) Epithelial tissue
```
E) Epithelial tissue
64
```
What is the first stage to occur during tissue repair (wound healing)?
A) Inflammation
B) Formation of scar tissue
C) Formation of granulation tissue
D) Fibrosis
E) Regeneration
```
A) Inflammation
65
```
The tissue shown in Figure 3.3 is most likely ________.
A) contracts to produce movement
B) transmits electrochemical impulses
C) covers and lines body surfaces
D) stores fat
E) contains a matrix
```
C) covers and lines body surfaces
66
A tissue on your lab exam has an apical surface and basement membrane. You observe multiple layers. The cells near the apical surface are flattened cells while those near the basement membrane are cuboidal or columnar in appearance. You identify it as transitional epithelium but later learn it was actually stratified squamous epithelial tissue. What key feature in the
description of this tissue makes your answer incorrect?
A) Presence of an apical surface
B) Presence of multiple layers
C) Presence of a basement membrane
D) Presence of flattened cells near the apical surface
E) Presence of cuboidal or columnar cells near the basement membrane
D) Presence of flattened cells near the apical surface
67
```
After a recent knee surgery, Carrie was cautioned about resuming activities too quickly in order to give her surgical incision time to heal. Which of the following tissues will repair and heal the quickest in the weeks to come?
A) Ligaments
B) Tendons
C) Cartilages
D) Dense connective tissues
E) Epithelial tissues
```
E) Epithelial tissues
68
Chromatin and chromosomes are both composed of DNA.
| TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
69
Phospholipid tails are hydrophilic and are attracted to water.
TRUE or FALSE
FALSE
70
Ribosomes are found attached to smooth endoplasmic reticulum or freely in the cytoplasm.
TRUE or FALSE
FALSE
71
Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle cells are cells that move organs and body parts
TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
72
The plasma membrane is a selectively permeable barrier
| TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
73
Diffusion occurs when molecules move against their concentration gradients
TRUE or FALSE
FALSE
74
Active processes, such as solute pumping, use ATP.
| TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
75
Stratified squamous epithelium forms the surface of the skin, the lining of the mouth, and the lining of the esophagus.
TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
76
The four primary tissue types are epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous.
TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
77
The matrix of hyaline cartilage consists of abundant collagen fibers hidden in a rubbery matrix.
TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
78
Muscle tissue is located in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
TRUE or FALSE
