Week 7

Question 1

Bio economy definition

Answer 1

Exogenous development with focus on sustainability. e.g. wind farms

Question 2

Eco-economy definition

Answer 2

Also Marsden. Focus on neo-endogenous processes. networks of local businesses that use the natural environment in a more sustainable and ecological way

Question 3

Eco-economy example

Answer 3

Devon, England. Previously cattle economy. then environmental tourism promoted, local food, avoided lock in

Question 4

Agritourism

Answer 4

Response to squeeze on rural economy. Keeps agricultural land in production that might have been discarded. Uses existing tourism demand from nearby

Question 5

Agricultural Food Networks

Answer 5

local networks of production and consumption
Shift from de-localized to re-localized. Counteracting globalisation
Focus on quality, transparency, locality

Question 6

Cost price squeeze

Answer 6

High costs of agriculture, but consumers expect low prices. small revenue for farmers then

Question 7

Characteristics of modern agricultural system

Answer 7

1. Disconnection: of producers and consumers
2. Disembedding: place has lost influence in production, e.g. seasonality no longer matters
3. Disentwining: spheres of hyperspecialized activities e.g. seed production exclusively

Question 8

Advantages of agri-food networks

Answer 8

1. more multifunctional local economy. Local economic control and more robust economy, not dependent e.g. on EU dairy prices — fewer external shocks felt
2. Support local businesses. Local supply chain
3. Building regional brands e.g. Champagne
4. Establish network of cooperating actors
5. Establish trust relations between producers and consumers. More transparency

Question 9

Bessiere

Answer 9

Food: symbol and sign of community, a class marker, an emblem — meaning link with geographical area, sense of place, identity. 
E.g. microwave dinner empty of identity. Spatial context of consumption changes

Question 10

Protected designation of origin

Answer 10

whole supply chain in area. Relates to terroir — when geography related to the product. e.g. parmiggiano, balsamico di Modena

Question 11

Protected geographical indication:

Answer 11

more flexible. Partially about geographical region. e.g. Feta Cheese, greek yogurt

Question 12

Traditional specialties guaranteed:

Answer 12

not related to geography, but about production process. e.g. Jamon Serrano, Pizza napoletana, mozzarella