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human behavior > week 7 (2) > Flashcards

week 7 (2) Flashcards

1
Q

culture

A

A social system that is characterized by the shared meanings that are attributed to people and events by its members

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2
Q

social psychology

A

Social Psy: social behavior of “the human”
Japan = Europe
Behaviour is universal

etic = from outside (from the perspective of the observer)

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3
Q

Cross-cultural psychology

A

differences between cultures
Japan ≠ Europe
Although processes behind behaviour is universal, how behaviour is expressed might differ.

emic = rom within the social group (from the perspective of the subject)

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4
Q

weird

A

Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic

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5
Q

visual perception : Muller-Lyer Illusion

A

Which line is longer?

Cultural differences in susceptibility to this illusion

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6
Q

Three approaches to studying culture

A
  • Measuring” characteristics of culture
  • Studying cultural differences in behavior
  • Understanding cultural processes
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7
Q

Measuring Culture, Hofstede

A

Power distance

Individualism-collectivism

Masculinity/femininity

Uncertainty avoidance

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8
Q

Cultural differences

A
  • Differences in cognitive style
  • Differences in self-construals (independent vs. interdependent)
  • Differences in group processes
  • Differences in intercultural processes
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9
Q

Culture leading to differences in cognitive style

A

Analytic versus holistic cognitive style?

Collectivistic societies think more ‘holistically’, more eye for the overall and relations between its parts

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10
Q

Line and Frame Test

A 
square = 90mm tall
line= 30 mm/one third of height square

absolute task = 30 mm
relative task = one third

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11
Q

detecting changes US vs. Japan

Fishtank experiment

A

Americans detect more changes in the focal object
Japanese detect more changes in the background

picture of a fishtanks with fishes as focal object and little things like frogs in the background

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12
Q

holistic

A

Emphasizing the importance of the whole and the interdependence of its parts.

japan

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13
Q

analytic

A

the “having the ability to analyze” or “division into elements or principles”

america

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14
Q

Correspondence Bias

A
  • When observing someone else’s behaviour
  • attributing it to dispositions
  • ignoring the influence of situational factors on someone else’s behaviour

Americans higher than Japanese

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15
Q

priming culture via language

A

Using “I” often, priming individualism

Using “we” often, priming collectivism

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16
Q

Independent self

A

Self concept determined by differences with regard to others

17
Q

Interdependent self

A

Self concept determined by relationships and communalities with others

18
Q

Differences in group processes

A

More conformity in collectivistic countries

Less social-loafing in collectivistic countries

19
Q

berry’s acculturation model

A

assimilation, integration, seperation and marginalisation

20
Q

Bicultural identity

A

Seeing oneself as being a member of two different cultural groups.

21
Q

Bicultural identity integration

A

When you see your alternate identities compatible with another

22
Q

Low and High Bicultural Identity Integration

A

Compatible vs. incompatible identities

23
Q

People with low bicultural identity integration

A

Might feel like an “outsider” more frequently

  • Compensating for this feeling by emphasizing the other identity
  • The will to assimilate- leading to defensive reactions
24
Q

Different ways of studying culture & explaining differences

A

Cognitive style,
Group processes,
Intergroup relations

25
Q

6 emotions

A 
happiness
fear 
disgust
anger
sadness
surprise
26
Q

Paul Ekman: Universal emotions

A
  • All cultures have a word for them
  • The facial expressions are recognized in all cultures
  • Emerge in children according to the (same) biologically determined developmental stages
27
Q

Pride

A

Face:
Small smile
Not so clear!

Posture:
Head tilted slightly (+/- 20°) back
Expanded posture
Hands on hips

28
Q

Pride Recognition

A
  • Western civilisation (Italy & USA)
  • Preliterate/isolated tribe in Burkina Faso (Tracy & Robins, 2008) Recognized pride in African and White American targets
  • No-cultural transmission
29
Q

shame

A

Slumped Shoulders
Narrowed Chest
Head tilt downward

30
Q

sporter experiment: many nationalities and blind/seeing

A

For winning, all showed prototypical signs of pride

31
Q

Culturally prescribed rules that govern how emotions can be expressed:

A
  • Rules of social appropriateness
  • Learned early in life
  • Automatic / unconscious practice by adulthood
32
Q

The display of shame

A

may be suppressed due to cultural display rules

33
Q

Westerners

A

Individualist
Individual autonomy
Analytic perception

Focus on individual
See emotions as individual feelings

34
Q

East Asians

A

Collectivist
Social roles & relations
Holistic perception

Take context into account
See emotions as inseparable from feelings of the group.

human behavior (9 decks)

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