week 7 (1) Flashcards
why are intergroup relations important?
- Globalization
• Diverse society
• Societal/political discussion
Social Identity Theory
How you perceive yourself depends on the social identity. Social identity is a person’s sense of who they are based on their group membership(s).
Self-Categorization Theory
a theory in social psychology that describes the circumstances under which a person will perceive collections of people (including themselves) as a group, as well as the consequences of perceiving people in group terms
Similarity-Attraction Hypothesis, Byrne
posits that people like and are attracted to others who are similar, rather than dissimilar, to themselves
Optimal Distinctiveness Theory, Brewer
social psychological theory seeking to understand ingroup–outgroup differences. It asserts that individuals desire to attain an optimal balance of inclusion and distinctiveness within and between social groups and situations (Brewer, 2003). These two motives are in constant opposition with each other; when there is too much of one motive, the other must increase in order to counterbalance it and vice versa.
Ingroup Projection Model, Mummendey & Wenzel
Imagine some group of people – it could be people from Wisconsin, people who drive Hondas etc – who see their group as being part of a large group (and a proper part of that group i.e. outsiders). Call that group an ‘ingroup’. An ingroup will see themselves as being more representative of the wider group (see Americans in general or car drivers in general) than others
Diversity
- Gives meaning to who you are
• Shapes how you perceive the world
• The groups you belong to (ingroups) - the groups you don’t belong to (outgroups)
Diversity within local societies
Societies more diverse, immigration, travel
Diversity between societies
More “contact” (e.g., media) – but often still limited and direct
Effects of diversity
- Positive: More innovation and creativeness
* Negative: Conflicts, communication problems, turnover (organization)
Minimal group paradigm
a method for investigating the minimal conditions required for discrimination to occur between groups
ingroup favoritism
People are likely to favor those groups they are a member of
influence of news
News headlines / reports often:
- one-sided (negative)
- short / abstract /
superficial Observers often:
- Not in direct contact with the “outgroup”
- No accurate background knowledge on the situation
carry over effects
an effect that “carries over” from one culture to another.
when? superordinate outgrip
Intergroup (positive) contact Allport, Pettigrew
that positive effects of intergroup contact occur in contact situations characterized by four key conditions: - Acquintance potential • Equal status • Cooperation toward common goal • Supportive normative climate
